PTHA1225: Dermatology/ soAP note (ppt) – Flashcards
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Dermatology
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dermat/o : skin -logy : study of - the healthcare specialty that studies the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary system and uses diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs to treat integumentary diseases
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Integumentary system
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integu/o- : to cover -ment : action, state -ary : pertaining to - body system that covers the surface of the body - includes skin, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair and nails, subcutaneous tissue - functions: to protect the body, first line of defense, sense of touch
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Integument
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integu/o- : to cover -ment : action, state - aka skin - consists of 2 layers (epidermis, dermis)
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skin 2 layers
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1. epidermis 2. dermis
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Epidermis
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epi- : upon, above derm/o- : skin - thin, outermost layer of skin - categorized as epithelium or epithelial tissue dry and acidic discouraging growth of microorganisms.
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Epithelium
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epi- : upon, above theli/o- : cellular layer -um : structure, period of time - tissue that covers the external surface of the body - includes the mucous membranes that line the walls of internal cavities that connect to the outside of the body
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Dermis
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derm/o- : skin - thicker layer of skin beneath the epidermis
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skin (1st line of defense against disease)
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- Epidermis is dry and acidic discouraging growth of microorganisms. - Sweat contains antibodies & enzymes that kill bacteria. - Normal skin bacteria do not cause disease but inhibit growth of disease causing microorganisms by competing for space & nutrients
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Dermatome
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derm/a- : skin -tome : instrument used to cut, area with distinct edges - specific area on the skin that sends sensory information to the spinal cord - Each spinal nerve is responsible for sending sensory information from a specific region of the skin
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Sebaceous gland
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sebace/o- : sebum -ous : pertaining to - aka oil gland - exocrine gland in the dermis that secretes sebum (oil) through a duct into a hair follicle
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Sudoriferous gland
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sudor/i- : sweat fer/o- : to bear -ous : pertaining to - aka sweat gland
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Exocrine gland
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ex/o- : away from -crine : thing that excretes - type of gland that secretes substance onto a epithelial surface - ex: sebaceous gland, sweat gland
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Subcutaneous tissue
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sub- : below, underneath cutane/o- : skin -ous : pertaining to - a loose, connective tissue directly beneath the dermis of the skin - composed of adipose tissue (fat) that is made up of lipocytes (fat-storing cells) - acts as a layer of insulation to conserve internal body heat - can be thin or as thick as several inches in areas like the abdomen
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Adipose tissue
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adip/o- : fat -ose : full of - fat tissue
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Lipocyte
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lip/o- : lipid (fat) -cyte : cell - fat storing cell
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Anaphylaxis
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ana- : apart, excessive phylact/o- : guarding or protecting -ic : pertaining to - aka anaphylactic shock - severe systemic allergic reaction that can be life threatening
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lesion (definition)
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- any visible damage to or variation from normal of the skin, whether it is from disease, injury
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lesions (list)
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- cyst - fissure - macule - papule - pustule - scale - vesicle - wheal
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cyst
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- description: elevated circular mound - color: skin color or erythema - contents: semisolid or partly fluid filled - ex: acne sebaceous cyst
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Fissure
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fiss/o- : splitting -ure : system, result of - description: small crack-like crevice - color: erythema - contents: none, some exudate - ex: dry, chapped skin
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macule
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- description: flat circle - color: pigmented, brown or black - contents: none - ex: freckle, age spot
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papule
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- description: elevated - color: skin color or erythema - contents: solid - ex: acne pimple
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pustule
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- description: elevated - color: white top - contents: pus - ex: acne whitehead
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scale
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- description: flat to slightly elevated thin flake - color: white - contents: none - ex: dandruff, psoriasis
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Vesicle
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vesic/o- : bladder, fluid-filled sac -cle : small thing - description: elevated with pointed top - color: erythema, transparent top - contents: clear fluid - ex: herpes, chickenpox, shingles
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wheal
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- description: elevated with broad, flat top - color: erythema, pale top - contents: clear fluid - insect bites, urticaria
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changes in skin color
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- albinism - cyanosis - erythema - jaundice - melanocyte - pallor - necrosis
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Albinism
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abin/o- : white -ism : process, disease from a specific cause - lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eye iris - genetic mutation - normal number of melanocytes but do not produce melanin - change in skin color: white / disease process
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Cyanosis
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cyan/o- : blue -osis : condition, abnormal condition, process - bluish-purple discoloration of the skin and nails due to decreased level of oxygen in the blood - change in skin color: blue / abnormal condition
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Erythema
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erythemat/o- : redness -ous : pertaining to - reddish discoloration of the skin - either local inflammation/infection or affect large areas (sunburn) - change in skin color: condition of / redness
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jaundice
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- yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, whites of the eyes - associated with liver disease, unconjugated bilirubin - change in skin color: yellow / condition
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Melanocyte
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melan/o- : black -cyte : cell - change in skin color: black / cell
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Necrosis
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necr/o- : dead cells, tissue or body -osis : condition, abnormal condition, process - gray-to-black discoloration of the skin in areas where the tissue has died - change in skin color: death of tissue / condition
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pallor
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- unnatural paleness due to lack of blood supply to the tissue - change in skin color: paleness
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skin injuries
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- Abrasion - Blister - First degree burn - Second degree burn - Third degree burn - Callus - Contusion - Laceration
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Abrasion
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abras/o- : scrape off -ion : action, condition - sliding or scraping injury that mechanically removes the epidermis - aka brush burn - skin injury
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blister
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- repetitive rubbing injury that mechanically separates the epidermis from the dermis and releases tissue fluid - fluid-filled sac - skin injury
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1st degree burn
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- burn only involves only the epidermis - causes erythema, pain, swelling, but not blisters - skin injury: epidermis
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2nd degree burn
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- aka partial thickness burn - burn involves the epidermis and upper part of dermis - causes erythema, pain, swelling, small blisters, bullae - skin injury: epidermis and partial dermis
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3rd degree burn
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- aka full-thickness burn - burn involves the epidermis, entire dermis, and sometimes muscle layer beneath - skin injury: may include muscle
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callus
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- repetitive rubbing injury that cause the epidermis to gradually thicken into a wide elevated pad - skin injury: from repitive rubbing
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Contusion
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contus/o- : bruising -ion : action, condition - aka bruise - any size of hemorrhage under the skin that is caused by trauma - skin injury
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Laceration
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lacer/o- : a tearing -ation : a process, being or having - deep penetrating wound - can have clean cut or torn, ragged skin edges - skin injury
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skin diseases
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- Dermatitis - Edema - Hemorrhage - Ecchymosis - Xeroderma - Diaphoresis - Anhidrosis
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Dermatitis
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dermat/o- : skin -itis : inflammation, infection of - any condition caused by disease of injury that results in inflammation or infection of the skin - general skin disease
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edema
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- excessive amounts of fluid move from the blood into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and cause swelling - general skin disease
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Hemorrhage
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hem/o- : blood -rrhage : excessive flow or discharge - trauma to the skin releases a small or large amount of blood - general skin disease: excessive discharge of blood
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Ecchymosis
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ecchym/o- : blood in the tissues -osis : condition, abnormal condition, process - a hemorrhage under the skin that is 3cm in diameter or larger - aka bruise - general skin disease: blood in the tissue, abnormal condition
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Xeroderma
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xer/o- : dry -derma : skin - excessive dryness of the skin - caused by aging, cold weather with low humidity, vitamin A deficiency, or dehydration - general skin disease: dry skin
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Diaphoresis
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diaphor/o- : sweating -esis : condition, abnormal condition, process - profuse sweating caused by MI, hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, or withdrawal from narcotic drugs - disease of the sweat glands: sweating condition
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Anhidrosis
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an- : without, not hidr/o- : sweat -osis : condition, abnormal condition, process - congenital absence of the sweat glands and inability to tolerate heat - disease of the sweat glands: without sweating
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contact dermatitis
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- local reaction to physical contact with a substance that is an allergen or irritant - allergic skin condition: chemical irritation
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Hemangioma
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hem/o- : blood angi/o- : blood vessel, lymphatic vessel -oma : tumor, mass - congenital growth composed of a mass of superficial, dilated blood vessels - the bright red color comes from large number of dilated blood vessels - most disappear before age 3 - benign skin marking
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Syndactyly
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syn- : together -dactyly: condition of fingers or toes - congenital abnormality in which the skin and soft tissues are joined between the fingers or toes
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Malignant Melanoma
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malign/o- : intentionally causing harm, cancer -ant : pertaining to melan/o- : black -oma : tumor, mass - skin cancer that begins in melanocytes in the epidermis, grows quickly and metastasizes to other parts of the body - malignant neoplasms of the skin
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Psoriasis
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psor/o- : itching -iasis : state of, process of - autoimmune disorder that produces an excessive number of epidermal cells - skin lesions are itchy, red, covered with silvery scales and plaques - autoimmune disease with skin symptoms: state of itching
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Onychomycosis
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onych/o- : nail (finger or toe) myc/o- : fungus -osis : condition, abnormal condition, process - fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails - disease of the nails
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Bx
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bi/o- : life, living organisms, living tissue -opsy : process of viewing - Biopsy - surgical procedure to remove all or part of a skin lesion or tumor for the purposes of diagnosis
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Autograft
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aut/o- : self -graft : tissue for implant or transplant - skin graft taken from another part of the patient's own body - surgical procedure
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Allograft
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all/o- : other, strange -graft : tissue for implant or transplant - skin graft taken from a cadaver - to temporarily protect the patient against infection and fluid loss - surgical procedure
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Xenograft
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xen/o- : foreign -graft : tissue for implant or transplant - skin graft (just dermis) taken from an animal (pig) - to temporarily protect the patient against infection and fluid loss - surgical procedure
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synthetic skin graft
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- skin graft made from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern - surgical procedure
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Assessment (SOAP)
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- Answer "What does it all mean?" - Explains the relevance of the information documented in S and O - Summarizes the patient's progress towards goals - Highlights changes in condition or treatment - Supports the continuation of skilled PT - Makes obvious how interventions have led to changes in the patient's status - All comments must be supported in S and O
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"A" note (common sentence starters)
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Treatment emphasis on... Progressing towards... Initiated.... Progressed.... Required or Requires.... Has met goals of .... Demonstrated..... Tolerated progression of.... Percent of goals met... Discontinued ____ secondary to ...... No change in .... Increased or Decreased ..... Improvements in _____ allow ...
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in the initial evaluation
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- Long Term Goals (LTG) - Short Term goals (STG) - Expected functional outcome - Goals should include a specific action or performance, measurable data and time periods
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Plan (SOAP)
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- What will be done next session to progress towards a goal or address a subjective complaint. - When the next session is scheduled - What communication/consult may be planned. PT, MD, social worker, etc.. - Any equipment that needs to be ordered for next visit. - Number of visits until discharge.
