question

Which specialized area of the brain is crucial to the production of speech? a. Broca's area b. the amygdala c. the cerebellum d. the thalamus

answer

a. Broca's area

question

Neurons are able to communicate when a. terminal buttons plug into receptor sites on adjacent dendrites. b. neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite. c. electric signals jump across the synapse to the adjacent neuron. d. chemicals released into the synapse are converted to neurotransmitters that bind with receptors.

answer

b. neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite.

question

When you paint with a paintbrush, your brain sends messages to your finger muscles so that your fingers move in specific ways. This example illustrates the functions of the ________ system. a. somatic nervous b. autonomic nervous c. parasympathetic d. endocrine

answer

a. somatic nervous

question

In considering the relative contributions of genes and environment, most scientists would agree that a. environment plays the most important role in shaping behavior. b. only genes shape behavior. c. environment has little effect on behavior. d. genes and environment interact to determine behavior.

answer

d. genes and environment interact to determine behavior.

question

Jonas has experienced a relatively severe right hemisphere stroke. As a result, he has been diagnosed with hemineglect. That is, he is unable to notice anything on the left side of his body. The location of the stroke is most likely within the ________ lobes. a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. occipital

answer

b. parietal

question

In the nervous system, each neuron communicates with a. one or two other neurons. b. a random subset of the other neurons in the nervous system. c. many other neurons in an organized network. d. all of the other neurons in the nervous system.

answer

c. many other neurons in an organized network.

question

Which of the following would NOT be caused by your genotype? a. eye color b. sex c. Huntington's disease d. music preference

answer

d. music preference

question

An instructor looking at the faces of the students in his or her class is also looking at a. stereotypes. b. archetypes. c. genotypes. d. phenotypes.

answer

d. phenotypes.

question

The brain structure that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex is called the a. thalamus. b. basal ganglia. c. temporal lobe. d. corpus callosum.

answer

d. corpus callosum.

question

The communication system in your body by which hormones influence thoughts, behaviors, and actions is the ________ system. a. somatic nervous b. sympathetic c. parasympathetic d. endocrine

answer

d. endocrine

question

Drugs that increase the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA a. reduce the symptoms of depression. b. improve motor control. c. are used to treat anxiety. d. may cause seizures.

answer

c. are used to treat anxiety.

question

Which of the following is NOT a subcortical structure in the forebrain? a. substantia nigra b. amygdala c. basal ganglia d. hippocampus

answer

a. substantia nigra

question

Basic survival functions such as heart rate are controlled by the hindbrain structure called the Select one: a. thalamus. b. cerebellum. c. hippocampus. d. medulla.

answer

d. medulla.

question

The part of the neuron that collects information from other neurons and integrates it is the a. axon. b. synapse. c. cell body. d. dendrite.

answer

c. cell body.

question

If a new drug interferes with how the neurotransmitter acetylcholine functions, then the drug a. is an agonist. b. is an antagonist. c. creates an inhibitory signal. d. creates an excitatory signal.

answer

b. is an antagonist.

question

Your little brother has blue eyes. His eye color is the result of a. his genotype. b. his phenotype. c. both his genotype and his environment. d. both his phenotype and his environment.

answer

c. both his genotype and his environment.

question

One part of the neuron covers and protects it much like bark that covers the trunk of a tree. In a neuron this protective covering is called a. the terminal button. b. the axon. c. a dendrite. d. the myelin sheath

answer

d. the myelin sheath

question

The somatic nervous system processes information between the central nervous system and one's a. glands. b. internal organs. c. skin, muscles, and joints. d. eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.

answer

c. skin, muscles, and joints.

question

Samantha recently became blind and is learning to use her fingers to read in braille. The part of her brain that will be activated by touching the bumps on the page as she reads the braille is the ________ lobes. a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. occipital

answer

b. parietal

question

Lucy is pregnant and every time she smells cheese she gags and has to fight the urge to throw up. Lucy's response is most likely caused by the a. pons. b. cerebellum. c. medulla. d. hypothalamus.

answer

c. medulla.

question

Mrs. Fine is highly interested in learning about the emotions of her fourth graders. Which of the following journal articles would be a good fit for her interests? a. "What You Need to Know about Your Thalamus" b. "The Basics of Basal Ganglia" c. "How the Cerebellum Works" d. "The Amazing Amygdala"

answer

d. "The Amazing Amygdala"

question

Which of the following brain structures plays an important role in how we respond to fearful things? a. hypothalamus b. hippocampus c. amygdala d. thalamus

answer

c. amygdala

question

After cautiously walking home and arriving safely from her late-night class, Selma notices that both her heart rate and breathing slow down. This automatic return to a normal state is due to the activity of her ________ nervous system. a. somatic b. sympathetic c. parasympathetic d. endocrine

answer

c. parasympathetic

question

Juan is trying to find the exact puzzle piece that will fit into a certain place in his puzzle. He says to his friend, "Hey! Finding a puzzle piece to fit into the puzzle is a lot like a. the firing of an action potential." b. how the unique structure of a neurotransmitter must fit a certain receptor site." c. how a neuron reaches a resting state." d. the activity log that the nervous system maintains."

answer

b. how the unique structure of a neurotransmitter must fit a certain receptor site."

question

When inactive, the electrical charge inside a neuron is slightly more negative than the electrical charge outside of the neuron. This difference in electrical charge is the a. action potential. b. resting state. c. inhibitory signal. d. excitatory signal.

answer

b. resting state.

question

Which of the following phenomena would NOT be part of a study in behavioral genetics? a. the effect of one environment on another environment b. the effect of genes on one's environment c. the effect of environmental and genetic interactions on biological phenomena d. the effect of environmental and genetic interactions on psychological phenomena

answer

a. the effect of one environment on another environment

question

Nasim is driving on a snow-covered road, and her car begins to slide. The quick behavioral response and the increased heart rate and respiration she experiences are most likely due to the ________ nervous system. The feeling of relief and decrease in heart rate and respiration once she has the car under control again are most likely due to the ________ nervous system. a. parasympathetic; sympathetic b. sympathetic; parasympathetic c. autonomic; somatic d. somatic; autonomic

answer

b. sympathetic; parasympathetic

question

The textbook discusses the famous Minnesota Twin Project. Which of the following would best describe a conclusion that could be drawn from this study? a. Twins are more likely to experience a shared environment than a nonshared environment. b. Monozygotic twins are more likely to experience a shared environment than are dizygotic twins. c. There are more similarities among biological relatives than among adoptive relatives. d. There are more similarities between monozygotic twins than between dizygotic twins

answer

c. There are more similarities among biological relatives than among adoptive relatives.

question

Auditory information is processed in the ________ lobes of the cerebral cortex. a. occipital b. parietal c. temporal d. frontal

answer

c. temporal

question

Growth hormones have all of the following effects EXCEPT for increasing a. intelligence. b. bone strength. c. strength. d. muscle mass.

answer

a. intelligence.

question

Visual information is primarily processed in the ________ lobes of the cerebral cortex. a. occipital b. parietal c. temporal d. frontal

answer

a. occipital

question

The central nervous system is made up of the a. somatic and peripheral nervous systems. b. brain and spinal cord. c. somatic nervous system and the brain. d. peripheral nervous system and the spinal cord.

answer

b. brain and spinal cord.

question

What might happen to a person born with a dysfunction of the endocrine system? a. The person would have difficulty controlling motor movements. b. The person would experience problems with sexual development. c. The person would have difficulty interpreting emotional expressions. d. The person would experience problems with emotional arousal.

answer

b. The person would experience problems with sexual development.

question

The area of the brain that allows one to initiate voluntary motor activity is the a. hindbrain. b. midbrain. c. occipital lobe. d. temporal lobe.

answer

b. midbrain.

question

Brad has experienced a relatively severe left hemisphere stroke. As a result, he is unable to move his right arm and has a great deal of difficulty with planning and attention. The stroke most likely caused damage to the ________ lobes. a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. occipital

answer

a. frontal

question

Suppose you begin feeling extremely depressed and want a prescription drug to alleviate your depression. The drug you should take should affect the neurotransmitter a. dopamine. b. epinephrine. c. serotonin. d. acetylcholine.

answer

c. serotonin.

question

One's motivations and emotions are controlled by the a. hindbrain. b. cerebellum. c. forebrain. d. parietal lobe.

answer

c. forebrain.

question

Because nicotine increases how the neurotransmitter acetylcholine functions, it is an a. inhibitory neurotransmitter. b. excitatory neurotransmitter. c. antagonist. d. agonist.

answer

d. agonist.

question

A myelin sheath is a fatty layer that protects the axon, so it is most like the a. remote control for a TV. b. insulation around a pipe. c. layers of a cake. d. thermostat of a heater.

answer

b. insulation around a pipe.

question

If an athlete were using illegal growth hormones to increase his or her muscle growth, he or she would be trying to make changes to his or her a. somatic nervous system. b. behavioral genetics. c. autonomic nervous system. d. endocrine system.

answer

d. endocrine system.

question

Regarding the factors potentially influencing behavior, which of the following statements is true? a. Behavior overwhelmingly reflects genetics. b. Behavior mainly stems from environmental causes. c. Behavior is generated mainly by the endocrine system. d. Behavior reflects an interaction between genetics and the environment.

answer

d. Behavior reflects an interaction between genetics and the environment.

question

The idea that the brain is extremely malleable and is continuously changing as a result of injury, experiences, or substances is known as a. myelination. b. genetics. c. plasticity. d. phenotype.

answer

c. plasticity.

question

The thalamus receives nearly all sensory information before relaying it to the cortex. What is the one sensation that is the exception to this rule? a. smell b. vision c. hearing d. taste

answer

a. smell

question

Why do monozygotic twins have different phenotypes? a. They have different genotypes. b. They have nonshared environments. c. They have the same environments but different genes. d. Because they are fraternal twins.

answer

b. They have nonshared environments.

question

Mario is highly afraid of spiders. Which part of the brain would be activated if he were to enter a room that had a lot of spiders? a. hypothalamus b. hippocampus c. amygdala d. thalamus

answer

c. amygdala

question

Lionel has Parkinson's disease and has difficulty starting motor movements because the neurons involved with dopamine activity are a. dying off. b. producing too much dopamine. c. no longer producing dopamine. d. rapidly multiplying.

answer

a. dying off.

question

The spinal cord is composed of two distinct types of tissue. One type of tissue is composed of the cell bodies of neurons, which do not have myelin on their axons. This tissue in the spinal cord is called a. substantia nigra b. gray matter c. nucleus accumbens d. white matter

answer

b. gray matter

question

Which of the following is NOT a pathway through which the environment could affect your brain functioning? a. through plasticity b. by strengthening neural connections c. by brain reorganization d. by changing your genotype

answer

d. by changing your genotype

question

If your hand were to automatically jerk back after accidentally touching a hot kettle, which of the following systems would be responsible for this moment a. somatic nervous b. sympathetic nervous c. parasympathetic nervous d. endocrine

answer

a. somatic nervous

question

Bill and his sister Ann are twins; however, they cannot be a. monozygotic twins. b. dizygotic twins. c. fraternal twins. d. told apart.

answer

a. monozygotic twins.

question

Damage to the ________ might cause problems with coordination and balance. a. hippocampus b. cerebellum c. amygdala d. temporal lobe

answer

b. cerebellum

question

Information travels from our sensory receptors to the ________ in the brain, which relays it to the cortex. a. basal ganglia b. hypothalamus c. thalamus d. cerebellum

answer

c. thalamus

question

Your body is prepared for defensive action by the ________ system. a. somatic nervous b. sympathetic nervous c. parasympathetic nervous d. endocrine

answer

b. sympathetic nervous

question

The somatic nervous system is NOT responsible for processing information about a. feeling sad after learning you did poorly on a test. b. the tingling sensations from your arm when it falls asleep. c. sensing where your foot is on the stairs as you climb them. d. feeling a mosquito when it lands on your neck.

answer

a. feeling sad after learning you did poorly on a test.

question

You know that your professor is a fan of behavioral genetics based on which of the following comments? a. "Your family determines your behavior." b. "Much of your personality is determined by your genes." c. "There is no evidence to suggest that your environment influences your school achievement." d. "Both your genes and your environment make you who you are today."

answer

d. "Both your genes and your environment make you who you are today."

question

The somatic nervous system allows a. hormones to secrete. b. movement of the muscles and joints. c. signals to be transmitted to the body's glands. d. the body to return to a calm, resting state.

answer

b. movement of the muscles and joints.

question

People who were at the scene of the Boston Marathon bombing probably experienced a. an activation of their sympathetic nervous systems. b. increased activity in the parietal lobes. c. temporary changes to their somatic nervous systems. d. permanent changes to their endocrine systems.

answer

a. an activation of their sympathetic nervous systems.

question

Which of the following is always true regarding dizygotic twins? a. They have different genotypes. b. They have different phenotypes. c. They have the same genotype. d. They have the same phenotype.

answer

a. They have different genotypes.

question

In reuptake, neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron, which a. allows sodium ions to enter the neuron and potassium ions to leave the neuron. b. signals the cell body to produce an inhibitory signal. c. creates an electrical charge that triggers an action potential. d. removes the neurotransmitter from the synapse, and stops stimulation of receptors

answer

d. removes the neurotransmitter from the synapse, and stops stimulation of receptors

question

Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight line when asked to do so by a police officer. Apparently, Yves's ________ is functioning poorly. a. cerebellum b. thalamus c. amygdala d. hippocampus

answer

a. cerebellum

question

When walking to his car late at night, Otto is extra vigilant and his body is on alert for danger. These responses are due to the actions of the ________ system. a. somatic nervous b. sympathetic c. central nervous d. endocrine

answer

b. sympathetic

question

Basic survival functions such as heart rate are controlled by the hindbrain structure called the a. thalamus. b. cerebellum. c. hippocampus. d. medulla.

answer

d. medulla.

question

In the nervous system, the job of the axons is to ________ other neurons. a. transmit action potentials to b. integrate information from c. detect information from d. release neurotransmitters to

answer

a. transmit action potentials to

question

You are running a 5K race and suddenly you experience an adrenaline rush. This burst of energy is caused by your body releasing the neurotransmitter a. acetylcholine. b. epinephrine. c. glutamate. d. dopamine.

answer

b. epinephrine.

question

Doctors finally understood why a child had difficulty sleeping. They discovered that she had a large tumor located in the part of her hindbrain called the a. thalamus. b. hypothalamus. c. hippocampus. d. pons.

answer

d. pons.

question

The basal ganglia is a brain structure that is important in a. planning and producing movement. b. regulating emotions. c. synthesizing incoming information. d. thinking.

answer

a. planning and producing movement.

question

Roberto's grandmother has Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, you would expect to see too ________ of the neurotransmitter ________ in her brain. a. much; acetylcholine b. little; acetylcholine c. much; dopamine d. little; dopamine

answer

b. little; acetylcholine

question

A post office receives lots of incoming mail, organizes it, and then sends it out to various locations. Which part of the brain is a lot like a post office? a. basal ganglia b. hypothalamus c. thalamus d. cerebellum

answer

c. thalamus

question

As you work outside in the yard, you work up a pretty good sweat. Your sweating is due in part to the functioning of your ________ system. a. somatic nervous b. autonomic nervous c. central nervous d. endocrine

answer

b. autonomic nervous

question

According to Maguire and colleagues' study on the brain structures of London taxi drivers, which part of a taxi driver's brain is more likely to be larger than normal? a. frontal lobe b. hippocampus c. cerebellum d. thalamus

answer

b. hippocampus

question

The parts of the neuron that act like mailboxes because they receive information from other places are called the a. terminal buttons. b. axons. c. dendrites. d. myelin sheaths.

answer

c. dendrites.

question

Lisa has problems sleeping, so she goes to a sleep clinic. At the clinic the researchers measure her brain's electrical activity as she sleeps by using the technique of a. electroencephalographs (EEGs). b. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). c. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). d. phrenology.

answer

a. electroencephalographs (EEGs).

question

Miranda is working in a laboratory and comes across a rat that is grossly overweight and seems unable to stop eating. The researcher tells Miranda that the rat has a brain lesion. Which part of the forebrain most likely has the lesion? a. amygdala b. hypothalamus c. substantia nigra d. pons

answer

b. hypothalamus

question

Marco has great difficulty walking. His doctor told him that this was due to a decreasing amount of a neurotransmitter in his brain. Which of the following neurotransmitters would be likely to cause this difficulty? a. epinephrine b. norepinephrine c. glutamate d. dopamine

answer

d. dopamine

question

The advantage of studying monozygotic twins is that a. all of their behaviors are identical. b. they are treated the same in their environment. c. they are easy to locate and track for research. d. they are genetically identical.

answer

d. they are genetically identical.

question

In the nervous system, the cells that receive, integrate, and transmit information are the Select one: a. axons. b. neurons. c. dendrites. d. glial cells.

answer

b. neurons.

question

The measure of brain activity that temporarily "turns off" parts of the brain to see how specific brain regions are affected is called a. phrenology. b. transcranial magnetic stimulation. c. functional magnetic resonance imaging. d. an electroencephalograph.

answer

b. transcranial magnetic stimulation.

question

A neurotransmitter that is important in muscle contraction is a. epinephrine. b. norepinephrine. c. acetylcholine. d. serotonin.

answer

c. acetylcholine.

question

It is possible for your ________ to change during your lifetime. a. taxonomic rank b. archetypes c. genotypes d. phenotypes

answer

d. phenotypes

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