Psychology Topic 2 – Flashcards
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Jonas has experienced a relatively severe right hemisphere stroke. As a result, he has been diagnosed with hemineglect. That is, he is unable to notice anything on the left side of his body. The location of the stroke is most likely within the ________ lobes. a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. occipital
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b. parietal
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In the nervous system, each neuron communicates with a. one or two other neurons. b. a random subset of the other neurons in the nervous system. c. many other neurons in an organized network. d. all of the other neurons in the nervous system.
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c. many other neurons in an organized network.
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Which of the following would NOT be caused by your genotype? a. eye color b. sex c. Huntington's disease d. music preference
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d. music preference
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An instructor looking at the faces of the students in his or her class is also looking at a. stereotypes. b. archetypes. c. genotypes. d. phenotypes.
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d. phenotypes.
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The brain structure that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex is called the a. thalamus. b. basal ganglia. c. temporal lobe. d. corpus callosum.
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d. corpus callosum.
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The communication system in your body by which hormones influence thoughts, behaviors, and actions is the ________ system. a. somatic nervous b. sympathetic c. parasympathetic d. endocrine
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d. endocrine
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Drugs that increase the effects of the neurotransmitter GABA a. reduce the symptoms of depression. b. improve motor control. c. are used to treat anxiety. d. may cause seizures.
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c. are used to treat anxiety.
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Which of the following is NOT a subcortical structure in the forebrain? a. substantia nigra b. amygdala c. basal ganglia d. hippocampus
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a. substantia nigra
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Basic survival functions such as heart rate are controlled by the hindbrain structure called the Select one: a. thalamus. b. cerebellum. c. hippocampus. d. medulla.
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d. medulla.
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The part of the neuron that collects information from other neurons and integrates it is the a. axon. b. synapse. c. cell body. d. dendrite.
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c. cell body.
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If a new drug interferes with how the neurotransmitter acetylcholine functions, then the drug a. is an agonist. b. is an antagonist. c. creates an inhibitory signal. d. creates an excitatory signal.
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b. is an antagonist.
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Your little brother has blue eyes. His eye color is the result of a. his genotype. b. his phenotype. c. both his genotype and his environment. d. both his phenotype and his environment.
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c. both his genotype and his environment.
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One part of the neuron covers and protects it much like bark that covers the trunk of a tree. In a neuron this protective covering is called a. the terminal button. b. the axon. c. a dendrite. d. the myelin sheath
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d. the myelin sheath
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The somatic nervous system processes information between the central nervous system and one's a. glands. b. internal organs. c. skin, muscles, and joints. d. eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.
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c. skin, muscles, and joints.
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Samantha recently became blind and is learning to use her fingers to read in braille. The part of her brain that will be activated by touching the bumps on the page as she reads the braille is the ________ lobes. a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. occipital
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b. parietal
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Lucy is pregnant and every time she smells cheese she gags and has to fight the urge to throw up. Lucy's response is most likely caused by the a. pons. b. cerebellum. c. medulla. d. hypothalamus.
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c. medulla.
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Mrs. Fine is highly interested in learning about the emotions of her fourth graders. Which of the following journal articles would be a good fit for her interests? a. "What You Need to Know about Your Thalamus" b. "The Basics of Basal Ganglia" c. "How the Cerebellum Works" d. "The Amazing Amygdala"
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d. "The Amazing Amygdala"
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Which of the following brain structures plays an important role in how we respond to fearful things? a. hypothalamus b. hippocampus c. amygdala d. thalamus
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c. amygdala
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After cautiously walking home and arriving safely from her late-night class, Selma notices that both her heart rate and breathing slow down. This automatic return to a normal state is due to the activity of her ________ nervous system. a. somatic b. sympathetic c. parasympathetic d. endocrine
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c. parasympathetic
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Juan is trying to find the exact puzzle piece that will fit into a certain place in his puzzle. He says to his friend, "Hey! Finding a puzzle piece to fit into the puzzle is a lot like a. the firing of an action potential." b. how the unique structure of a neurotransmitter must fit a certain receptor site." c. how a neuron reaches a resting state." d. the activity log that the nervous system maintains."
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b. how the unique structure of a neurotransmitter must fit a certain receptor site."
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When inactive, the electrical charge inside a neuron is slightly more negative than the electrical charge outside of the neuron. This difference in electrical charge is the a. action potential. b. resting state. c. inhibitory signal. d. excitatory signal.
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b. resting state.
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Which of the following phenomena would NOT be part of a study in behavioral genetics? a. the effect of one environment on another environment b. the effect of genes on one's environment c. the effect of environmental and genetic interactions on biological phenomena d. the effect of environmental and genetic interactions on psychological phenomena
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a. the effect of one environment on another environment
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Nasim is driving on a snow-covered road, and her car begins to slide. The quick behavioral response and the increased heart rate and respiration she experiences are most likely due to the ________ nervous system. The feeling of relief and decrease in heart rate and respiration once she has the car under control again are most likely due to the ________ nervous system. a. parasympathetic; sympathetic b. sympathetic; parasympathetic c. autonomic; somatic d. somatic; autonomic
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b. sympathetic; parasympathetic
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The textbook discusses the famous Minnesota Twin Project. Which of the following would best describe a conclusion that could be drawn from this study? a. Twins are more likely to experience a shared environment than a nonshared environment. b. Monozygotic twins are more likely to experience a shared environment than are dizygotic twins. c. There are more similarities among biological relatives than among adoptive relatives. d. There are more similarities between monozygotic twins than between dizygotic twins
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c. There are more similarities among biological relatives than among adoptive relatives.
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Auditory information is processed in the ________ lobes of the cerebral cortex. a. occipital b. parietal c. temporal d. frontal
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c. temporal
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Growth hormones have all of the following effects EXCEPT for increasing a. intelligence. b. bone strength. c. strength. d. muscle mass.
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a. intelligence.
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Visual information is primarily processed in the ________ lobes of the cerebral cortex. a. occipital b. parietal c. temporal d. frontal
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a. occipital
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The central nervous system is made up of the a. somatic and peripheral nervous systems. b. brain and spinal cord. c. somatic nervous system and the brain. d. peripheral nervous system and the spinal cord.
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b. brain and spinal cord.
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What might happen to a person born with a dysfunction of the endocrine system? a. The person would have difficulty controlling motor movements. b. The person would experience problems with sexual development. c. The person would have difficulty interpreting emotional expressions. d. The person would experience problems with emotional arousal.
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b. The person would experience problems with sexual development.
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The area of the brain that allows one to initiate voluntary motor activity is the a. hindbrain. b. midbrain. c. occipital lobe. d. temporal lobe.
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b. midbrain.
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Brad has experienced a relatively severe left hemisphere stroke. As a result, he is unable to move his right arm and has a great deal of difficulty with planning and attention. The stroke most likely caused damage to the ________ lobes. a. frontal b. parietal c. temporal d. occipital
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a. frontal
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Suppose you begin feeling extremely depressed and want a prescription drug to alleviate your depression. The drug you should take should affect the neurotransmitter a. dopamine. b. epinephrine. c. serotonin. d. acetylcholine.
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c. serotonin.
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One's motivations and emotions are controlled by the a. hindbrain. b. cerebellum. c. forebrain. d. parietal lobe.
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c. forebrain.
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Because nicotine increases how the neurotransmitter acetylcholine functions, it is an a. inhibitory neurotransmitter. b. excitatory neurotransmitter. c. antagonist. d. agonist.
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d. agonist.
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A myelin sheath is a fatty layer that protects the axon, so it is most like the a. remote control for a TV. b. insulation around a pipe. c. layers of a cake. d. thermostat of a heater.
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b. insulation around a pipe.
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If an athlete were using illegal growth hormones to increase his or her muscle growth, he or she would be trying to make changes to his or her a. somatic nervous system. b. behavioral genetics. c. autonomic nervous system. d. endocrine system.
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d. endocrine system.
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Regarding the factors potentially influencing behavior, which of the following statements is true? a. Behavior overwhelmingly reflects genetics. b. Behavior mainly stems from environmental causes. c. Behavior is generated mainly by the endocrine system. d. Behavior reflects an interaction between genetics and the environment.
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d. Behavior reflects an interaction between genetics and the environment.
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The idea that the brain is extremely malleable and is continuously changing as a result of injury, experiences, or substances is known as a. myelination. b. genetics. c. plasticity. d. phenotype.
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c. plasticity.
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The thalamus receives nearly all sensory information before relaying it to the cortex. What is the one sensation that is the exception to this rule? a. smell b. vision c. hearing d. taste
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a. smell
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Why do monozygotic twins have different phenotypes? a. They have different genotypes. b. They have nonshared environments. c. They have the same environments but different genes. d. Because they are fraternal twins.
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b. They have nonshared environments.
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Mario is highly afraid of spiders. Which part of the brain would be activated if he were to enter a room that had a lot of spiders? a. hypothalamus b. hippocampus c. amygdala d. thalamus
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c. amygdala
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Lionel has Parkinson's disease and has difficulty starting motor movements because the neurons involved with dopamine activity are a. dying off. b. producing too much dopamine. c. no longer producing dopamine. d. rapidly multiplying.
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a. dying off.
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The spinal cord is composed of two distinct types of tissue. One type of tissue is composed of the cell bodies of neurons, which do not have myelin on their axons. This tissue in the spinal cord is called a. substantia nigra b. gray matter c. nucleus accumbens d. white matter
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b. gray matter
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Which of the following is NOT a pathway through which the environment could affect your brain functioning? a. through plasticity b. by strengthening neural connections c. by brain reorganization d. by changing your genotype
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d. by changing your genotype
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If your hand were to automatically jerk back after accidentally touching a hot kettle, which of the following systems would be responsible for this moment a. somatic nervous b. sympathetic nervous c. parasympathetic nervous d. endocrine
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a. somatic nervous
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Bill and his sister Ann are twins; however, they cannot be a. monozygotic twins. b. dizygotic twins. c. fraternal twins. d. told apart.
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a. monozygotic twins.
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Damage to the ________ might cause problems with coordination and balance. a. hippocampus b. cerebellum c. amygdala d. temporal lobe
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b. cerebellum
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Information travels from our sensory receptors to the ________ in the brain, which relays it to the cortex. a. basal ganglia b. hypothalamus c. thalamus d. cerebellum
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c. thalamus
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Your body is prepared for defensive action by the ________ system. a. somatic nervous b. sympathetic nervous c. parasympathetic nervous d. endocrine
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b. sympathetic nervous
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The somatic nervous system is NOT responsible for processing information about a. feeling sad after learning you did poorly on a test. b. the tingling sensations from your arm when it falls asleep. c. sensing where your foot is on the stairs as you climb them. d. feeling a mosquito when it lands on your neck.
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a. feeling sad after learning you did poorly on a test.
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You know that your professor is a fan of behavioral genetics based on which of the following comments? a. "Your family determines your behavior." b. "Much of your personality is determined by your genes." c. "There is no evidence to suggest that your environment influences your school achievement." d. "Both your genes and your environment make you who you are today."
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d. "Both your genes and your environment make you who you are today."
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The somatic nervous system allows a. hormones to secrete. b. movement of the muscles and joints. c. signals to be transmitted to the body's glands. d. the body to return to a calm, resting state.
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b. movement of the muscles and joints.
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People who were at the scene of the Boston Marathon bombing probably experienced a. an activation of their sympathetic nervous systems. b. increased activity in the parietal lobes. c. temporary changes to their somatic nervous systems. d. permanent changes to their endocrine systems.
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a. an activation of their sympathetic nervous systems.
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Which of the following is always true regarding dizygotic twins? a. They have different genotypes. b. They have different phenotypes. c. They have the same genotype. d. They have the same phenotype.
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a. They have different genotypes.
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In reuptake, neurotransmitters are reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron, which a. allows sodium ions to enter the neuron and potassium ions to leave the neuron. b. signals the cell body to produce an inhibitory signal. c. creates an electrical charge that triggers an action potential. d. removes the neurotransmitter from the synapse, and stops stimulation of receptors
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d. removes the neurotransmitter from the synapse, and stops stimulation of receptors
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Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight line when asked to do so by a police officer. Apparently, Yves's ________ is functioning poorly. a. cerebellum b. thalamus c. amygdala d. hippocampus
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a. cerebellum
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When walking to his car late at night, Otto is extra vigilant and his body is on alert for danger. These responses are due to the actions of the ________ system. a. somatic nervous b. sympathetic c. central nervous d. endocrine
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b. sympathetic
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Basic survival functions such as heart rate are controlled by the hindbrain structure called the a. thalamus. b. cerebellum. c. hippocampus. d. medulla.
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d. medulla.
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In the nervous system, the job of the axons is to ________ other neurons. a. transmit action potentials to b. integrate information from c. detect information from d. release neurotransmitters to
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a. transmit action potentials to
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You are running a 5K race and suddenly you experience an adrenaline rush. This burst of energy is caused by your body releasing the neurotransmitter a. acetylcholine. b. epinephrine. c. glutamate. d. dopamine.
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b. epinephrine.
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Doctors finally understood why a child had difficulty sleeping. They discovered that she had a large tumor located in the part of her hindbrain called the a. thalamus. b. hypothalamus. c. hippocampus. d. pons.
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d. pons.
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The basal ganglia is a brain structure that is important in a. planning and producing movement. b. regulating emotions. c. synthesizing incoming information. d. thinking.
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a. planning and producing movement.
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Roberto's grandmother has Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, you would expect to see too ________ of the neurotransmitter ________ in her brain. a. much; acetylcholine b. little; acetylcholine c. much; dopamine d. little; dopamine
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b. little; acetylcholine
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A post office receives lots of incoming mail, organizes it, and then sends it out to various locations. Which part of the brain is a lot like a post office? a. basal ganglia b. hypothalamus c. thalamus d. cerebellum
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c. thalamus
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As you work outside in the yard, you work up a pretty good sweat. Your sweating is due in part to the functioning of your ________ system. a. somatic nervous b. autonomic nervous c. central nervous d. endocrine
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b. autonomic nervous
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According to Maguire and colleagues' study on the brain structures of London taxi drivers, which part of a taxi driver's brain is more likely to be larger than normal? a. frontal lobe b. hippocampus c. cerebellum d. thalamus
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b. hippocampus
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The parts of the neuron that act like mailboxes because they receive information from other places are called the a. terminal buttons. b. axons. c. dendrites. d. myelin sheaths.
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c. dendrites.
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Lisa has problems sleeping, so she goes to a sleep clinic. At the clinic the researchers measure her brain's electrical activity as she sleeps by using the technique of a. electroencephalographs (EEGs). b. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). c. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). d. phrenology.
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a. electroencephalographs (EEGs).
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Miranda is working in a laboratory and comes across a rat that is grossly overweight and seems unable to stop eating. The researcher tells Miranda that the rat has a brain lesion. Which part of the forebrain most likely has the lesion? a. amygdala b. hypothalamus c. substantia nigra d. pons
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b. hypothalamus
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Marco has great difficulty walking. His doctor told him that this was due to a decreasing amount of a neurotransmitter in his brain. Which of the following neurotransmitters would be likely to cause this difficulty? a. epinephrine b. norepinephrine c. glutamate d. dopamine
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d. dopamine
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The advantage of studying monozygotic twins is that a. all of their behaviors are identical. b. they are treated the same in their environment. c. they are easy to locate and track for research. d. they are genetically identical.
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d. they are genetically identical.
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In the nervous system, the cells that receive, integrate, and transmit information are the Select one: a. axons. b. neurons. c. dendrites. d. glial cells.
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b. neurons.
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The measure of brain activity that temporarily "turns off" parts of the brain to see how specific brain regions are affected is called a. phrenology. b. transcranial magnetic stimulation. c. functional magnetic resonance imaging. d. an electroencephalograph.
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b. transcranial magnetic stimulation.
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A neurotransmitter that is important in muscle contraction is a. epinephrine. b. norepinephrine. c. acetylcholine. d. serotonin.
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c. acetylcholine.
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It is possible for your ________ to change during your lifetime. a. taxonomic rank b. archetypes c. genotypes d. phenotypes
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d. phenotypes
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