Psychology Topic 14 – Flashcards
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Universally preferred physical characteristics
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Youthfulness, symmetry, averageness
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stereotype
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A negative or positive evaluation of a particular group and its members
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prejudice
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the tendency to dislike people because of their group memberships
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discrimination
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Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group
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Self-fulfilling prophecies perpetuate stereotypes by...
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eliciting stereotype-confirming behavior from others
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Based on social psychological research, familiarity breeds:
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liking
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mere exposure
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The tendency to like people we see again and again
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interdependence
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relying on the other to meet important goals
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People who are committed to a close relationship:
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Are less interested in other potential mates, are less able to imagine themselves with another partner, and see their partners as more attractive
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Commitment
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Feelings and actions that serve to maintain the relationship
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intimacy
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partners display caring, warmth, acceptance, and social support
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The most important characteristic of a close relationship is
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Responsiveness
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One makes an attribution when one:
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decides on the causes of an individual's behavior
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casual attributions
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we try and learn about the personality of others by observing their behaviors
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self-serving attributions
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we overemphasize person factors in explaining out own positive outcomes
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fundamental attribution error
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we overemphasize person factors when explaining the behavior of others
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attitude
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a relatively enduring evaluation of people, events, or objects
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self monitoring
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Regulating our behavior to meet the demands of situations
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Aronson and Mills found that an initiation:
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increased liking for the group
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altruism
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behavior that helps others but that involves some self-sacrifice
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the reciprocity norm
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illustrated by the "Golden Rule"
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Social responsibility norm
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"Help because it is the right thing to do"
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displaced aggression
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Aggression directed at a target other than the source of frustration
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The average American watches __ hours of television daily
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4
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desensitization
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over time, people tend to show weaker responses to emotional stimuli
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"culture of honor"
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a social norm that encourages responding to insults with aggresion
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normative conformity
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a change in behavior or attitudes reflecting the desire to be liked
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informational conformity
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a change in behavior or attitudes reflecting a desire for accurate knowledge
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In Asch's study on conformity, what percentage of the subjects conformed at least once when they knew their answer to be false? How much was overal conforming?
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76%, 37%
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Obedience
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A change in behavior in response to authority
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Milgram's participants were told that the study concerned:
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Learning
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___% of the participants in Milgram's experiment were willing to deliver the maximum shock level to the participant
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65
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Minority influence
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Conformity in which a smaller number of individuals changes the behavior or opinions of a larger number of individuals
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Psychological Reactance
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A strong emotional response leading people to resist conformity
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Social facilitation
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the tendency to perform tasks better in the presence of others
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Social inhibition
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the tendency to perform tasks more poorly in others' presence
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Juries are influenced by:
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conformity pressures
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Social Loafing
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A group process loss that occurs when people do not work as hard in a group as they do alone
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Groupthink
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A group process loss caused by strong conformity pressures in a group
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does NOT encourage groupthink
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the presence of conflicting information
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the most effective groups contain __ members
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4 or 5
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Illusion of group productivity
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the tendency to overvalue the productivity of a group
