question

Alcoholism has been linked to

answer

osteoporosis

question

How many drinks would the average person have to consume to reach a blood alcohol level of apporox .15%?

answer

6-7

question

Alcohol stimulates the release of___, the brains major depressant.

answer

GABA

question

Physical sensations, such as nausea or extreme pain, that occur when the body is trying to adjust to the absence of a drug are called

answer

Withdrawal

question

Freud used dreams as a way to get at patients':

answer

unconscious conflicts stemming from childhood

question

Men tend to have more aggression in their dreams than women. True or false

answer

true

question

the real inquiry into the process of dreaming was begun by:

answer

Freud

question

The "hidden observer"

answer

remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis

question

percent of people who are good hypnotic subjects

answer

40

question

Driving and talking on a cell phone at the same time is an example of a state of:

answer

divided consciousness

question

When under the influence of a stimulant, you are likely to be in a state of:

answer

increased alertness

question

In a(n) __________ view, consciousness is generated by a set of action potentials in the communication among neurons just sufficient to produce awareness.

answer

cognitive neuroscience

question

Last night, Kayla thought she was awakened by a noise she heard outside of her bedroom door. As she tried to get up to see what was going on, she couldn't move. She tried to scream out and couldn't make a sound. After several minutes, she was finally able to sit up and wondered what had just happened. The best explanation for Kayla's experience, according to sleep researchers, is that she experienced

answer

sleep paralysis during REM sleep

question

Jaleel was driving home at 7 o'clock in the morning after working a hard eight-hour shift. Along the drive, he would occasionally find himself drifting off into the oncoming lane, becoming alert just in time to avoid a head-on collision. It appears that Jaleel may have been experiencing

answer

microsleeps

question

Melatonin supplements are often used to treat:

answer

jet lag

question

Night terrors are experienced:

answer

during deep non-REM sleep

question

Paul is a snorer who sometimes gasps for air while sleeping. Paul mostly likely suffers from

answer

sleep apnea

question

The body is at its lowest level of functioning during

answer

non REM stages 3 and 4

question

In studies in which volunteers spend several days without access to information about day or night, their sleep-wake cycles:

answer

lengthened

question

A hypnic jerk is likely to occur during

answer

non-REM stage 2 sleep

question

Where was the first IQ test developed?

answer

France

question

When a person is slightly sleep deprived, ________ tasks will suffer less than _______ tasks.

answer

more complex and simple

question

The _________ theory of sleep says that sleep is a product of evolution.

answer

adaptive

question

When do 90 percent of dreams occur?

answer

during REM sleep

question

Sleep apnea has been shown to cause:

answer

heart problems

question

So-called supernatural visitations can be explained by hypnogogic hallucinations common during

answer

NREM stage 1 sleep

question

________ syndrome refers to the creation of inaccurate memories through the suggestion of others, often while the person is under hypnosis.

answer

False Memory

question

Kevin was in a study room during which he was shown a photo of a man with straight hair. Later, he was asked if he noticed the man's curly hair. Kevin was then convinced that the man in the photo had curly hair. This is an example of

answer

the misinformation effect

question

Ebbinghaus found that forgetting

answer

is greatest just after learning

question

Manny was talking to his friend as he was walking out the door. A few minutes later, Manny asked his friend about the conversation they had few minutes earlier, while walking out the door. Since his friend was not paying attention to him, he could not recall what Manny had said. Manny's friend experienced:

answer

encoding failure

question

To answer the questions in this test, which type of memory recall will you most frequently use?

answer

recognition

question

Chris learns her vocabulary words while listening to upbeat, happy music, and is then better able to remember them later if she is happy. This is called

answer

state-dependent learning

question

nformation that enters long-term memory by automatic encoding

answer

requires little or no effort to retrieve

question

Carl is able to remember the names of the first three presidents before he begins to have difficulty. This is

answer

the primacy effect

question

Eve is able to remember her Social Security number by breaking it into three parts: three numbers/two numbers/four numbers. Eve is using the process of:

answer

chunking

question

You know the name of the first president of the United States without giving it a moment's thought. This is:

answer

semantic memory

question

In a room filled with people, where several conversations are going on, you are able to hear your name being spoken. This is:

answer

the cocktail party effect

question

In the ________ model of memory, concepts that are related in meaning are thought to be stored physically near each other in the brain.

answer

semantic network

question

________ memory refers to the awareness of the meanings of words, concepts, and terms as well as names of objects, math skills, and so on.

answer

semantic

question

________ memory is like a giant filing system in which the "files" are individual bits and pieces of memories stored in a highly organized and interconnected fashion

answer

Long Term

question

Echoic memory lasts ______ iconic memory.

answer

about two to four seconds longer than

question

Eduardo is watching people walk down the street, and all of a sudden, he thinks, "Was that man wearing a bright purple suit?" As a result of this thought, he looks back at the man to see if it is true. Which type of memory is responsible for Eduardo's behavior?

answer

iconic sensory

question

Quincy had a terrifying experience in which he was attacked by a dog. This memory is likely stored in the:

answer

amygdala

question

Ruth was in a car accident that resulted in a head injury. She cannot remember the events that occurred several hours prior to the accident. Ruth is experiencing:

answer

retrograde amnesia

question

Dr. McCrae encourages her students to go beyond just memorizing definitions. She teaches them that if they fully understand the meanings of the concepts covered in class, they will be able to remember them much longer. Dr. McCrae's lesson to her students appears to be based on which model of memory?

answer

levels of processing

question

As Nevide was listening to the radio, an old song that he hadn't heard in a very long time began to play. To his amazement, not only was he able to sing along, but he remembered every word. It appears that the song that Nevide heard on the radio was stored in his ______ memory.

answer

long term

question

The _________ assumes that how long a memory will be remembered depends on the stage of memory in which it is stored.

answer

information processing model

question

The idea that memory formation is a simultaneous process is reflected in the:

answer

parallel distributed processing model

question

The ________ is derived from work in the development of artificial intelligence.

answer

parallel distributed processing model

question

Jeremy was diagnosed with lead poisoning at about 4 years old. As a result of his condition, he has an IQ score of 55, he has trouble doing most things for himself, and he shows a number of deficits in his mental abilities. Jeremy most likely has

answer

intellectual disability

question

Samantha does really well with managing her own emotions, as well as recognizing and understanding the emotions of others around her. It could be said that Samantha has a high level of _______.

answer

emotional intelligence

question

_______ believed that concepts become the "pegs" from which words are "hung."

answer

Piaget

question

According to Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through:

answer

their language acquisition device

question

Researchers have found that animals ________ with one another

answer

communicate

question

Even after her girlfriends reported seeing her boyfriend Jeff out at clubs with other women, Jackie continues to believe her boyfriend and her friends who say the women are just old neighborhood friends. This is an example of:

answer

confirmation bias

question

When people think, they often have _______ in their minds.

answer

images and words

question

Examples of algorithms are:

answer

mathematical formulas

question

Which of the following is the best example of a prototype of a car?

answer

a sedan

question

In order for people to be able to tell you how many televisions they have in their house, they would probably use:

answer

a mental image

question

When solving a problem, if a person is hesitant or unable to think beyond solutions that have worked in the past, he or she is stuck in:

answer

a mental set

question

People who believe that aliens have come to earth may disregard evidence that crop circles are human-made. This is an example of:

answer

confirmation bias

question

Through the use of fMRI, researchers have found an overlap between brain areas activated during visual mental imagery tasks as compared to:

answer

actual tasks involving visual perception

question

A(n) ________ refers to a type of schema that involves a familiar sequence of activities.

answer

script

question

Trial and error is another term for:

answer

mechanical solution

question

A recent study has shown that for a group of individuals with ______, computerized cognitive exercises that placed increasing demands on auditory perception were beneficial

answer

schizophrenia

question

One thing IQ tests do well is

answer

predict academic success

question

_________ includes the ability to be self-motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled.

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Terry exhibits extraordinary musical ability. According to Spearman, this is an example of ____________ intelligence.

answer

s factor

question

Sternberg's three types of intelligence

answer

analytical, creative and practical

question

A test can fail in validity and still:

answer

be reliable

question

Gardner would say that an astronaut is high in

answer

visual and spatial intelligence

question

You are taking the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and come to a question that requires you to recall a mixed list of numbers in correct ascending order. You are being tested for:

answer

working memory

question

the extent to which a test score accurately reflects the intended skill or outcome in real-life situations.

answer

Ecological validity

question

Shortly after eating a piece of his great aunt's famous coconut cake, which he's had many times, Amad became very nauseous. Now, whenever his great aunt offers him a piece of cake, Amad quickly declines. Which of the following concepts best explains Amad's change in behavior

answer

conditioned taste aversion

question

Theo gets excited whenever he finds a quarter lying on the ground outside. While walking home from school one day, Theo noticed a shiny round object lying on the sidewalk and became very excited. He soon realized that the object was a bottle cap and his excitement quickly dissipated. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example?

answer

stimulus generalization

question

Every time Paul's neighbor upstairs plays loud music, Paul bangs on his ceiling with a broom and the music stops. Paul's behavior of banging on the ceiling to get the music to stop is an example of _______

answer

negative reinforcement

question

At the end of his first day of kindergarten and the entire week thereafter, Jeremiah's teacher exclaimed, "You may all leave" just after the sounding of a loud bell. On the first day of the second week of school, Jeremiah immediately left the room just as the school bell rang, without any notice from his teacher. In this example, what is the conditioned response?

answer

leaving the room after the bell rang

question

The central idea of toilet training a cat is breaking down the process into a series of small stages. This is an example of:

answer

shaping

question

In defining learning, "_____" refers to the fact that when people learn anything, a part of their brain is physically changed to record what they have learned, and that change remains even if the behavior does not.

answer

relatively permanent

question

The learning/performance distinction is a kind of

answer

latent learning

question

Bandura concluded that there were _____ elements of observational learning.

answer

four

question

Voluntary behavior, to Skinner, was ______ behavior.

answer

operant

question

The behavior of infants and animals can be easily reinforced using:

answer

primary reinforcers

question

Marco's mom gives him a treat every night after dinner when he picks up his plate and places it in the dishwasher. Marco's mom uses:

answer

continuous reinforcement

question

___ is more resistant to extinction than ____

answer

partial reinforcement and continuous reinforcement

question

In Tolman's study of latent learning, one group of rats was rewarded for getting out of the maze, a second was not rewarded during training trials but was rewarded eventually, and a third group of rats was:

answer

not rewarded

question

The second group of rats in Tolman's maze experiment was not reinforced for finding the exit until the tenth day. Once they started getting reinforcement, the rats:

answer

learned to find the exit almost immediately

question

The mental events that take place inside a person's mind while behaving are known as

answer

cognition

question

An unlearned, involuntary response, such as salivating when presented with food, is:

answer

a reflex

question

For classical conditioning to be effective, the conditioned stimulus must be:

answer

distinctive

question

The response that is given to the conditioned stimulus is not usually quite as strong as the original unconditioned response, ______________.

answer

but it is essentially the same response

question

can hypnosis enhance recall of forgotten events?

answer

no

question

can hypnosis force people to act against their will?

answer

no

question

can hypnosis be therapeutic

answer

yes.

question

can hypnosis alleviate pain

answer

yes

question

three groups of drugs

answer

Depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens

question

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

answer

stimulants

question

who conducted the dog salivation experiment?

answer

Pavlov

question

What was Pavlov's career?

answer

Physiologist

question

Occurs when a neutral stimulus is associated with a stimulus that produces a reflexive behavior

answer

Classical Conditioning

question

Behavior is followed by reinforcement and increases chances of the behavior

answer

Operant Conditioning

question

positive reinforcement

answer

Adding a desirable stimulus

question

negative reinforcement

answer

removing an aversive stimulus

question

putting something in memory

answer

encoding

question

holding information in memory

answer

storage

question

recovering information from memory

answer

retrieval

question

assumes information is stored in a connected fashion, with concepts that are related store physically closer to each other

answer

Semantic network model

question

measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information previously learned

answer

Recall

question

A measure of memory in which the person need only to identify items previously learned

answer

recognition

question

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space and time, well learned information such as word meanings

answer

Automatic processing

question

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

answer

Effortful processing

question

holds information from the senses for a very brief duration

answer

Sensory memory

question

how long does visual memory last?

answer

about 1 second

question

how long does auditory memory last?

answer

about 4 seconds

question

Retention without conscious recollection- skills and dipositions

answer

implicit memory

question

memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare

answer

Explicit or declarative memory

question

An educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem; also known as a "rule of thumb"

answer

Heuristic

question

Tendency to judge the frequency or likelihood of an event by the extent to which it resembles the typical case

answer

Representativeness

question

Estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how east it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is to think of related examples

answer

Availability

question

A block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects in terms of only their typical functions

answer

Functional Fixedness

question

the natural ability to solve problems; relatively uninfluenced by experience

answer

Fluid intelligence

question

knowledge and abilities acquired through experience (vocabulary)

answer

Crystallized intelligence

question

Who came up with the triarchic theory?

answer

Sterner

question

Sterner's three intelligences

answer

analytical, creative and practical

question

tend to perform well on standardized tests- high g

answer

Analytical intelligence

question

how well can you cope with a new task? "quick learner"

answer

Creative Intelligence

question

"street smarts," size up situation and act accordingly

answer

Practical intelligence

question

produce similar scores from one test time to the next

answer

Reliability

question

how well a test measures what it is suppose to measure

answer

Validity

question

our ability to spear or otherwise use language to send information

answer

language production

question

the ability to understand language

answer

Language comprehension

question

The structure of sounds that can be used to produce words in a language

answer

Phonology

question

the meaning of words and sentences

answer

Semantics

question

the smallest units of meaning in language

answer

Semantics

question

The structure of language

answer

Syntax

question

The practical aspects of language, by implied meaning rather than literal meaning

answer

pragmatics

question

the basic building blocks of speech sounds

answer

phonemes

question

the smallest units of meaning in a language

answer

morphemes

question

recalling the definition of long term memory is an example of

answer

Semantic memory

question

what does IQ stand for

answer

intelligence quotient

question

delta waves are predominant in which stage of sleep

answer

Non rem stages 3 and 4

question

which of the following parts of the body controls the sleep-wake cycle?

answer

hypothalamus

question

natural cycles of activity that bodies must go though are called:

answer

biological rhythms

question

In the ____________, dreams are less realistic because they come not from the outside world of reality but from within people's memories and experiences.

answer

activation synthesis hypothesis

question

the ___ of a dream is the actual dream itself

answer

manifest content

question

Baribiturates are known as

answer

the major tranquilizers

question

Opium and its derivatives, morphine and heroin, duplicate the action of which of the following?

answer

endorphins

question

Nightmares are more common in children than in adults because _____.

answer

children spend more time in REM sleep

question

On Sara's walk to campus one morning, she was thinking about what a nice day it was, how many people were already on campus, and how she had to stop by the bookstore on her way to class. Sara was experiencing:

answer

waking consciousness

question

Debbie's psychoanalyst tells her that the monster in her dream symbolizes her abusive father. He is discussing the dream's:

answer

latent content

question

Theodora suffers from an inability to get to sleep and to stay asleep. Which of the following would help Theodora with her insomnia?

answer

going to bed and getting up on a regular schedule

question

Niles has begun to fall asleep suddenly during the day, sometimes in inappropriate places. Niles is most likely suffering from:

answer

narcolepsy

question

Derek was lying on the couch and had fallen asleep when all of a sudden his body jerked, and he woke up because he felt like he was falling. Derek was most likely in which stage of sleep?

answer

Non REM stage 1

question

Mariam takes 20 minutes daily to sit by herself and meditate. A fully meditative state is a form of:

answer

altered consciousness

question

Which of the following kills the most people in the United States every year?

answer

illnesses related to smoking

question

methamphetamine is an example of a

answer

stimulant

question

The heart rate slows, breathing becomes more shallow and irregular, and an EEG would show the first signs of sleep spindles in:

answer

Non rem stage 2

question

_________ has been used as a successful defense in some murder trials.

answer

REM behavior disorder

question

The ________ is the internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep.

answer

suprachiasmatic nucleus

question

If your psychoanalyst tells you that your emergence from a bathtub in your dream is symbolic of being born, she is talking about your dream's:

answer

latent content

question

The social-cognitive theory of hypnosis assumes that people who are hypnotized are:

answer

only playing a role

question

While many people take LSD in order to experience its hallucinogenic qualities, why can this become a dangerous activity?

answer

...

question

In a(n) ________, the occurrence of reinforcement is more predictable and therefore the individual being reinforced is more likely to adjust his response to the timing of the reinforcement.

answer

fixed interval schedule of reinforcement

question

What are the two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of?

answer

voluntary and involuntary

question

The law of effect states if an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, the action is likely to:

answer

be repeated

question

It is believed that animals revert eventually to instinctual behaviors when the new tasks they are learning have a strong association with:

answer

obtaining food

question

Small steps in behavior that are reinforced, one after the other, to create a particular goal behavior are known as:

answer

successive reinforcers

question

Changes such as an increase in height or the size of the brain are called:

answer

maturation

question

After having many cavities fixed as a child, Kyle now has an active dislike of the dentist's drill. His tendency to become anxious when hearing a similar-sounding noise is termed

answer

stimulus generalization

question

Carla was bitten by a dog when she was a toddler. She's older now, but still backs up in fear whenever a dog approaches her. This is an example of:

answer

conditioned emotional response

question

Whenever Vernon comes home too late on a Saturday night, his parents refuse to give him his weekly allowance. Vernon's parents are using what technique to modify his behavior?

answer

punishment by removal

question

A teacher has decided to give "caught being good" tickets to her students when they behave according to class rules. This teacher also rewards students with gold stars each time they improve their math speed. This teacher is using:

answer

operant conditioning

question

In a later modification of the classic Bobo doll experiment, the children who had seena model beat up the doll and then get rewarded showed aggression toward the doll. Another group had seen the model get punished rather than rewarded. Which of the following statements is true about these other children?

answer

they did not beat up the doll until offered a reward to demonstrate what the model had done

question

Birds, who find their food by sight, will avoid any object or insect that simply looks like the one that made them sick. This is a result of:

answer

biological preparedness

question

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary (reflex) response is a/an:

answer

unconditioned stimulus

question

The cognitive perspective of classical conditioning involves

answer

the mental activity of consciously expecting something else to occur

question

_________ is the disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning) or the removal of a reinforcer (in operant conditioning).

answer

extinction

question

In Seligman's study on dogs, the dogs that were not conditioned to fear the tone:

answer

jumped over the fence when the shock started

question

Learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful is called:

answer

latent learning

question

In Köhler's experiment, Sultan the chimp first used just one stick that was lying in his cage to rake the banana into the cage, and then he learned to fit two sticks together to reach a banana placed farther away. This was an example of:

answer

insight

question

_____ is learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior.

answer

observational learning

question

Banduras elements of observational learning

answer

...

question

________ pioneered the empirical study of the basic principles of classical conditioning.

answer

Ivan Pavlov

question

______ is the classical conditioning of a reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person.

answer

vicarious conditioing

question

_____ believed that classical conditioning occurred because the CS became a substitute for the UCS when paired closely together in time.

answer

Pavlov

question

A typical use of applied behavior analysis is:

answer

treating children with disorders such as autism

question

After having many cavities fixed as a child, Kyle now has an active dislike of the dentist's drill. His tendency to become anxious when hearing a similar-sounding noise is termed:

answer

stimulus generalization

question

Which of the following individuals believed that cognition was an important part of behavior?

answer

Martin Seligman

question

Operant conditioning relies on:

answer

voluntary behavior

question

The Brelands determined that most Skinnerian behaviorists made the false assumption that:

answer

all response are equally able to be conditioned any stimulus

question

_____ is learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior

answer

Observational learning

question

The learning/performance distinction is a kind of:

answer

latent learning

question

Psychologist consider memory to be

answer

an active system

question

What is the best way for a person to overcome the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

answer

Stop trying to remember the information you are trying to retrieve.

question

Elizabeth Loftus' research determined that:

answer

what people see and hear about an event after the fact can easily affect the accuracy of their memories of that event.

question

Why do flashbulb memories seem so vivid and exact?

answer

Emotional reactions seem to stimulate the release of hormones that have been shown to enhance the formation of long-term memories.

question

The fact that everyone remembers that George Washington was the first president points to the primacy effect as a result of:

answer

long-term memory storage.

question

In one study with depressed patients who were being treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), patients were tested for their memory of certain television programs both before and after the treatment. What was the result?

answer

Patients forgot more recent programs but remembered older ones.

question

The _______ is the part of the brain that is responsible for the formation of new long-term declarative memories.

answer

hippocampus

question

Ebbinghaus's ________ shows that forgetting happens quickly, within the first hour, and then tapers off gradually

answer

curve of forgetting

question

A(n) ________ is a memory expert or someone with exceptional memory ability.

answer

mnemonist

question

The ________ effect suggests that the first and last person interviewed for a job will be better remembered by the interviewer than all the people in the middle.

answer

serial position

question

The phrase "use it or lose it" refers to which theory of forgetting?

answer

decay

question

Mrs. Tuttle was 97 years old and suffered from forgetfulness and mental confusion. She was probably experiencing:

answer

senile dementia

question

Donyelle finds that she performs better on the exams that are given in her regular psychology classroom than in the large lecture room that is used to give midterms and finals to several sections at once. Donyelle's experience illustrates:

answer

the importance of retrieval cues in memory.

question

If you move from the United States to England and have trouble adjusting to driving on the left side of the road, you are experiencing:

answer

proactive interference.

question

Which of the following best describes psychologist John Kihlstrom's comments when talking about Bartlett's book on memory?

answer

Memory is more like making up a story than it is like reading a book.

question

The most efficient way of transferring short-term memory into long-term memory is by using:

answer

elaborative rehearsal

question

According to Craik and Lockhart, information that is _______ will be remembered more effectively and for a longer period of time.

answer

deeply processed

question

_________ is the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input.

answer

selective attention

question

In the information-processing model, the first stage of memory is ______ memory.

answer

sensory

question

Marcos and his friends enjoy watching football together on Sundays. After some of the games are over, Marcos tells his friends that he knew all along who would win the game. Marcos' belief that he could predict the outcome of some of the games without having been told the winners in advance is an example of:

answer

hindsight bias

question

After his accident, Bryan had trouble remembering facts and events that were related to his personal history. He was suffering from a loss of ________ memory

answer

episodic

question

In real life, information that has just entered iconic memory will be pushed out very quickly by new information. Research suggests that after ________, old information is replaced by new information.

answer

a quarter of a second

question

The information-processing model of memory suggests that:

answer

the process of memory storage is similar to the way a computer processes memory in a series of three stages.

question

In their original study, which explored how information is stored in long-term memory, Collins and Quillian (1969) asked participants to respond "true" or "false" as quickly as possible to sentences such as "a canary is a bird" and "a canary is an animal." The results of this study suggest that:

answer

information exists in a kind of network, with nodes of related information linked to each other in a kind of hierarchy

question

The Tower of Hanoi study found that people with anterograde amnesia:

answer

still formed new procedural memories

question

One may transfer information from short-term memory (STM) into long-term memory (LTM) by:

answer

elaborative rehearsal

question

The system of working memory processes the information in:

answer

short term memory

question

Psychologists consider memory to be:

answer

an active system

question

When a memory is being formed, several changes take place in the brain in a process called:

answer

consolidation

question

Explicit memory begins to form after about age two________________________.

answer

when the hippocampus is more fully developed

question

he ability to adapt and deal with new problems or challenges the first time you encounter them.

answer

fluid intelligence

question

Five-year old Jordan is seeing a speech therapist in his preschool once a week because he has difficulty saying the "r" sound in his own name. When he says his name, people think it sounds like "jaw-dun." From a language perspective, Jordan is having difficulty with a specific _______.

answer

phoneme

question

Shelly took the Stanford-Binet test at age 10 and scored a mental age of 13. Using Stern's formula, her IQ is:

answer

130

question

In the brain, creating a mental image is _______ seeing an actual image.

answer

almost the opposite of

question

who believed that language could help a child learn to control social behavior?

answer

Vygotsky

question

Piaget theorized that _____ preceded and aided the development of ______.

answer

concepts and language

question

The rhythm and emphasis of communicating is part of which language structure?

answer

pragmatics

question

Concepts are universal and influence the development of language

answer

The cognitive universalism theory

question

One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past, also known as:

answer

mental set

question

A mechanical problem-solving technique is also referred to as:

answer

trial and error

question

A more creative method of problem-solving is the use of:

answer

divergent thinking

question

Creative intelligence is related to

answer

divergent thinking

question

When the solution to a problem suddenly comes to mind, it is called:

answer

insight

question

Wechsler's four index scales are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and:

answer

processing speed

question

Gardner believes that reason, logic, and knowledge are:

answer

different aspects of intelligence

question

the ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively for solving problems.

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intelligence

question

A person with an IQ over 145 may be best categorized as:

answer

a genius

question

_________ often work with individuals who have traumatic brain injury.

answer

clinical neuropsychologists

question

IQ is assumed to be normally distributed with a mean IQ of 100 and a typical standard deviation of about:

answer

15

question

Language allows people to ______ and _______.

answer

communicate with one another and represent their own mental activity

question

Only differences among people in general can be investigated for the influence of genes because genes always interact with:

answer

environmental factors

question

The higher one's degree of practical intelligence:

answer

the less likely that person will succeed in an academic setting

Psychology Test Two

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