Psychology Test 3 Questions – Flashcards
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the work of this psychologist and his colleagues has focused on ways to increase optimism in individuals, which by extension increases aspects of physical and psychological health
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Seligman
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you're face with a situation that you realize is going to be a challenge, so you evaluate your resources and determine how effectively they can be used to help you cope with the stressful event. Richard Lazarus refers to your evaluation of the resources available to you as...
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secondary appraisal
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focuses the mind on some repetitive or unchanging stimulus; has been shown to lower blood pressure in adolescents
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concentrative meditation
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actions people can take to master, tolerate, reduce or minimize the effects of stress
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coping strategies
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technique to use when dealing with uncontrollable stressors; ex: finding humor in a situation to lighten the mood
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emotion-focused coping
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when people feel that they must work harder, faster or do more, they are experiencing a type of stressor known as:
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pressure
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faith experienced a high degree of stress when she did not receive a job offer she was expecting. this is an example of...
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external frustration
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pam was getting close to buying her first house, but she was nervous about the mortgage payments, even though they would be less than she was paying in rent. what type of conflict was Pam experiencing?
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approach-avoidance
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dropping out of school or quitting a job are forms of:
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escape or withdrawal
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this act has many stress-relieving and health benefits such as increasing levels of beta-endorphins, decreasing levels of cortisol, enhancing the immune system and lowering blood pressure
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laughing
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measure the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from life events over a one-year period
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social readjustment rating scale
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this demographic is more strongly affected by hassles such as shopping, doctor's appointments and bad weather
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elderly people
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what has the highest score on the SRRS?
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divorce
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the physical, emotional, cognitive and behavioral responses to events that are appraised as threatening or challenging
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stress
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marginalized individuals do not have the security of the familiar culture of origin and may suffer a loss of:
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identity
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people who have identified a threat or harmful effect must estimate the resources that they have available for dealing with the stressor
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secondary appraisal
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when parents tell their children that smoking cigarettes is dangerous and unhealthy and the children develop negative attitudes toward smoking, this is an example of:
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direct instruction
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Jim's friends all think that school is unimportant and that people who study are losers. as Jim spends more time with these friends, he also adopts the attitude that school is useless because of:
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interaction with others
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the tendency to respond positively or negatively toward a certain person, object, idea or situation
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attitude
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the three components of attitude
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feelings, thoughts and actions
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alcohol has an impact on aggressive behavior by:
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releasing inhibitions
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once someone has taken responsibility to help, the next step in the decision-making process is:
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planning a course of action
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studies have found that in civil suits, if individual members of the jury favor stiff penalties, the deliberation process will result in even higher penalties, thus illustrating:
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group polarization
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invulnerability, where group members feel they can do no wrong, is a characteristic of:
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groupthink
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jackie is assigned to a group project. it is in her best subject, and she finds the material easy. jackie will probably experience:
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social facilitation
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the tendency to take our cues for appropriate behavior from others when we are in an ambiguous situation
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informational social influence
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nick wanted his friend Jason to go skiing with him for the day. Jason didn't want to go because he said it would cost too much money. Nick said it would just cost $20. when hey go there, lift tickets cost $20 as Nick had said, but Jason also had to pay for parking, ski rentals, and rental insurance. nick used the:
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lowball technique
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in sternberg's model, intimacy, passion and commitment are all present in:
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consummate love
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in sternberg's theory, this encompasses the physical aspects of love
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passion
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Gene believes that if his luck is good on the day of his final exam, he will do well. he likely has:
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an external locus of control
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sophie has a chance to interview for a promotion at work. she is sure she will do poorly anyway, so she decides against it. bandura would say sophie has:
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low self-efficacy
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social cognitive learning theorists hold that this can lead to the formation of patterns of personality
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observational learning
