Psychology test 1 – Flashcards with Answers
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Psychology is best described as...
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Scientific study of overt behavior and mental processes
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Behavior is best described as ...
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Anything a person does
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Overt behavior includes
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Only those things that can be observed
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Covert behavior involves
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Hidden, private, internal thoughts
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Psychologists are
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Scientists, practitioners, and or trachers
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All psychologists do which of the following..
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They all rely on critical thinking and information gained from scientific research
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Psychology relies on which of the following to answer questions about behavior
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Scientific observations
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The goals of psychology are to
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Describe, understand, predict, and control behavior
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Why questions refer to which of psychologys goals?
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Understanding
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Critical thinking involves..
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A willingness to actively reflect on ideas
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When people use critical thinking they...
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Constantly revise their understanding of the world
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Critical thinking includes?
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The ability to admit that one can be wrong about ones ideas
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Any false and unscientific system of beliefs and practices that is offered as an explanation of behavior
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Pseudopsychology
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To assess your personality, a phrenologist would want to
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Examine the shape of your skull
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The fortune teller who studies your palm carefully before announcing that great fortune is in your immediate future is practicing ??
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Palmistry
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To assess your personality, a graphologist would want to ...?
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Study your handwriting
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Pseudopsychology that uses the positions of the stars and planets is..?
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Astrology
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When people read their horoscopes, they often believe these flattering descriptions of themselves, a tendency referred to as...?
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Uncritical acceptance
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The six steps of the scientific method included observation, defining a problem, proposing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, publishing the results, and ...?
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Theory building
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The results of a study become more credible when other researchers ...?
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Replicate them
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Psychologys history as a science began in..?
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1879 in leipzig, germany
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The father of psychology and the founder of the first psychological laboratory was...?
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Wundt systematically observed and measured sensations consisting of physical energy, which affects people and evokes a response. These different types of physical energy are referred to as ..?
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Stimuli
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Wundt observed stimuli of various kinds and the tried to look inward to probe his reactions to these stimuli through a process known as ..?
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Introspection
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Wundt's ideas were carried to the United States by..?
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Edward titchener
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Edward titchener called wundt's ideas structuralism because he tried to analyze the structure of mental life into..?
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Basic elements or building blocks
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William James founded the school of thought in psychology known as ..?
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Functionalism
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William James regarded consciousness as ..?
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An ever changing dlow of images and sensations
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Which school of thought in psychology emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior?
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Behaviorism
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Pavlov's contribution to behaviorism lies in his discovery of ...?
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The conditional reaponse
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Realized that he could study the overt behavior of animals by simply observing the relationship between stimuli and an animals responses..
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John b watson
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The idea that a behavior is controlled by rewards and punishments is most closely associated with..?
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B.F. Skinner
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The whole is greater than the sum of its parts is the slogan of the ..?
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Gestalt psychologists
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The founder of psychoanalytic psychology was..?
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Sigmund freud
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The brain consists of approximately 100 billion nerve cells called ?
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Neurons
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The two main divisions of the human nervous system are the peripheral nervous system and the ?
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Central nervous system
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The central nervous system is composed of the ?
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Brain and spinal cord
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Messages flow from the brain to the spinal cord and then to other parts of the body through the ?
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Peripheral nervous system
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An individual nerve cell with one axon is known as a ?
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Neuron
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What can be seen without magnification?
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A nerve
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The peripheral nervous system is composed of the ?
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Somatic and autonomic systems
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A neuron is made up of dendrites, a soma, and an?
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Axon
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The part of the neuron that specializes in receiving messages from other neurons is the?
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Dendrites
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The cell body of a neuron is also called a ?
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Soma
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The electrically charged molecules that are involved in a nerve impulse are called?
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Ions
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A neurons threshold is?
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Its trigger point for firing
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Electrically charged particles of which two elements are crucial in the transmission of the nerve impulse?
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Sodium and potassium
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The purpose of the myelin that surrounds the axon is to?
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Speed the transmission of an implise down the axon
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Neurons talk to eachother chemically when what is released ?
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Neurontransmitters
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The tiny gaps separating neurons from one another and across which information must be transmitted are known as?
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Synapses
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What effect do neurotransmitters from one neuron have on the next neuron?
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They may excite or inhibit it
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Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and GABA are examples of?
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Neurontransmitters
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Many of the mind altering drugs affect the brain by?
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Imitating, duplicating, or canceling the effects of neurontransmittes
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The power of the brain arises from the cooperation of large numbers of neurons connected together into?
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Neural networks
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The simplest neural network that is organized in the spinal cord is the?
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Reflex arc
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The capacity of our brains to change in response to experience is referred to as?
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Neuroplasticity
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Every time you learn something you are reshaping your living brain a process known as ?
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Self directed neuroplasticity
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The production of new brain cells is known as
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Neurogenesis
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Brain tools that can be used to map locations shape and size of brain structures in living brains as well as any abnormal structures such as tumors that may be present
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CT scan and MRI scan
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The technique that uses a magnetic field to develop an image of the brain is called the
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MRI scan
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The use of an electrode to stimulate small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called ?
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ESB
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most closely associated with surgical removal of parts of the brain
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Ablation
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The use of an electrode to destroy small areas of the brain beneath the surface is called?
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Deep lesioning
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An EEG records ?
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Electrical impulses from the brain
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Developmental psychology is the study of?
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Progressize changes in behavior and abolities from conception to death
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Learning to dance or to use a computer is primarily a matter of?
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Nurture
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Psychologists generally resolve the nature-nurture debate by agreeing that ??
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Heredity and environtment are interacting and inseperable factors in development
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The long ladder like chains of chemical molecules that act as a code for genetic information are know as ?
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DNA
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Within the nucleus of every human cell are 46 thread like structures that hold the coded instructions of heredity. These 46 structures are called?
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Chromosomes
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A new improved Brain imaging technique for measuring glucose metabolism of the brain is called the ?
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PET scan
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Which of the following gives both three dimensional structural view of the brain as well as making brain activity visible?
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fMRI
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Which part of the brain consisted of two large hemispheres which are divided into smaller areas known as lobes?
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Cerebral cortex
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Human intelligence and the ability to acquire complex skills are basically a result of ?
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Brain corticalization
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The corpus callousness is a thick band of fibers that connect ?
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The two cerebral hemispheres
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In most people the left hemisphere of the brain is in charge of ?
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Language
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The right hemisphere in humans ?
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Is involved in recognizing faces and in the expression of emotion
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Which lobes of the brain are associated with motor movements as well as highest mental abilities such as ones sense of self?
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Frontal
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Bodily sensations as touch temperature and pressure register in the _______ lobes.
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Parietal
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The brain center for hearing is in the ______ lobe.
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Temporal
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Cephalocaudal means. From?
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The head to the toes
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Proximodistal means from
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The center of the bodh to the extremities
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Adaptive infant reflex that is elicited by pressing an object into the neonates palm and aids the neonates survival by helping him or her avoid falling ?
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Grasping reflex
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Which of the following reflexes are most related to feeding?
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Rooting and sucking reflexes
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If an infant is startled by a loud sound or if his or her position is abruptly changed the infant will make movements similar to embrace .. this is called the ______ reflex.
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Moro
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Milestones such as when children are able to walk alone feed themselves or become toilet trained tend to be governed by
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Readiness
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Nature is to heredity as nurture is to
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Environment
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The brain of a newborn baby is capable of being altered by experience that is, it is highly ...
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Plastic
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Substances capable of causing birth defects are known as
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Teratogens
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A lack of normal stimulation nutrition comfort or love is referred to as
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Deprivation
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Deliberately making an environment more stimulations nutritional comforting and loving is referred to as
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Enrichment
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Growing infants influence their parents behavior at the same time they are changed by it. This illustrates ...?
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Reciprocal influences
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Temperament refers to ?
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The inherited, physical core of ones personailty
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The key to secure attachment involves parents ?
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Accpwting and being sensitive to thwir childs signals and rhythms
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Which parental style gives little guidance and does not enforce rules or hold children accountable for their actions
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Overly permissive
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The normal order of language development in infancy is ?
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Crying cooing babbling single word telegtaphic speech
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According to Chomsky humans develop language because they have a ...
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Biological predisposition
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Learned knowledge and skills are called _______ intelligence.
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Crystallized
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Piaget is best known for studying
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Cognitive development
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Psychologist lawerence kohlberg held that we learn moral values through
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Thinking and reasoning
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Elizabeth kubler Ross is known for her research in the area of
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Death and dying
