question

Gender identity refers to

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the sense of being male or female.

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The belief that boys are more independent than girls is a

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gender schema.

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When his mother offered to play leapfrog with him, Jorge protested, "I'm not going to play a girl's game!" Jorge's reaction best illustrates the impact of

answer

gender schemas

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Girls typically play in ________ groups than do boys and, during their teens, girls spend ________ time with friends than do boys.

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smaller; more

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Behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a

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role.

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Hormone injections exposing a female embryo to excess testosterone sometimes cause female infants to be born with

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masculine appearing genitals.

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The social roles assigned to women and men

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differ widely across cultures.

question

Women are more likely than men to

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tend and befriend.

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A gender role refers to

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a set of expected behaviors for males or for females.

question

In comparison to parental influence, peer influence is

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more likely to affect a child's language accent.

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Since 1960, Americans have experienced a(n)

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increase in the incidence of depression and an increase in work hours.

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Norms are best described as

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rules for socially acceptable behavior.

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It has been suggested that our sensitivity to peer influence is genetically predisposed because it has facilitated the process of human mating. This suggestion best illustrates

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an evolutionary perspective.

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People are most likely to notice the impact of environmental influences on behavior when confronted by

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cultural diversity.

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A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of

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social harmony.

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The gender gap in aggression is LEAST likely to involve hurting others by

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excluding them

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Voluntary migration, a sparsely populated environment, and shift to a capitalist economy have most clearly fostered

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individualism.

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Professor Shankar believes that her students' most important personal characteristics are those that distinguish them as uniquely different from most other people. Her attitude best illustrates one of the consequences of

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individualism.

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Individualism is to collectivism as ________ is to ________.

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independence; interdependence

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Which of the following would you MOST likely observe on extended visits to foreign countries?

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more men than women involved in fistfights

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Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman. This best illustrates the impact of

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gender typing.

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Children tend to organize their worlds into male and female categories. This best illustrates their use of

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gender schemas.

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Professor Smith emphasizes that gender similarities and differences are products of a continuous interplay among genetically predisposed traits, culturally shaped roles, and personally constructed expectations and assumptions. The professor's emphasis best illustrates

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a biopsychosocial approach.

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Compared with many Asian and African parents, today's Westernized parents are more likely to teach their children to value

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personal independence

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Religious and ethnic diversity are most likely to be appreciated in a culture characterized by

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individualism.

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Premature infants who are regularly touched and massaged are more likely than their unstimulated counterparts to show signs of

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rapid weight gain.

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For children from impoverished environments, stimulating educational experiences during early childhood are most likely to

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prevent the degeneration of activated connections between neurons

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Failing to understand the norms of the community into which we have recently moved is most likely to contribute to

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culture shock.

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An infant boy was raised as a girl following a botched circumcision. During adolescence, the child ________ boys and ________ the assigned female identity.

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wanted no part of kissing; did not accept

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Compared with females, males use conversation to

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communicate solutions.

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As people progress through adulthood, women become

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more assertive and men become more empathic.

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A human egg contains ________ chromosome and a human sperm contains ________ chromosome.

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an X; either an X or a Y

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Although Adam didn't care for the taste of fried green tomatoes, he began eating them when he saw that his classmates were doing so. His behavior best illustrates the importance of

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peer influence.

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Kids choose peers who share their own attitudes and interests as their friends. This best illustrates

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selection effect

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The preservation of innovation best illustrates the survival value of

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culture

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Since 1960, most Western cultures have changed with remarkable speed. The LEAST likely explanation for these variations involves changes in

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the human gene pool.

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In agricultural societies, children typically socialize into more distinct gender roles than do children in nomadic societies. This best illustrates that gender-role differences between social groups result from

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cultural influence.

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The male answer syndrome suggests that men are less likely than women to demonstrate

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social modesty

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Voluntary migration, a sparsely populated environment, and shift to a capitalist economy have most clearly fostered

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individualism.

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Compared with people in individualist cultures, those in collectivist cultures are

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more likely to display signs of humility and more likely to defer to others' wishes.

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Compared with men, women experience a greater risk of

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eating disorders.

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People whose gender identity feels mismatched with their biological sex are

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transgender.

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Those who suggest that choices we make today determine what our future will be like are emphasizing the importance of

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human responsibility

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Sex reassignment surgery today would most likely be recommended for individuals who are

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transgender

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The invention and transmission of dating and courtship customs best illustrate

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cultural influence.

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Frans avoids talking with food in his mouth because other people think it is crude and inappropriate. This best illustrates the impact of

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norms

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Cultural diversity best illustrates our

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adaptive capacities.

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An awareness that children's temperaments influence parents' child-rearing practices should inhibit our tendency to

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blame parents for our own dysfunctional characteristics

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Cross-cultural research on human development indicates that

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person-to-person differences within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups.

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A willingness to switch jobs and move from one part of the country to another best illustrates one of the consequences of

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individualism.

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People expect men to be ________ hungry for political power than women. When men and women are both perceived to be politically power hungry, men are ________ likely than women to suffer voter backlash.

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more; less

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Female children are more likely to be labeled "tomboys" if they were exposed to excess ________ during their prenatal development.

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testosterone

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Behaviors expected of those who occupy a particular social position define a

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role

question

In everyday behavior, men are LESS likely than women to

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smile at others.

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The belief that boys are more independent than girls is a

answer

gender schema

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A boy who consistently exhibits traditionally masculine interests and behavior patterns demonstrates

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gender typing

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Mr. Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Mr. Eskenazi's contribution to the gender typing of his children would most likely be highlighted by

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social learning theorists.

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Men and women are most likely to differ in their

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aggressiveness

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When Mr. Thompson lived overseas for a year, he was very surprised at how much respect he received from people simply because he was an older person. His sense of surprise suggests that he had NOT previously lived in a culture characterized by

answer

collectivism.

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A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of

answer

social harmony.

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People living in a culture that promotes collectivism are more likely than those in individualist cultures to report experiencing

answer

family loyalty

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