Question 1

Critical thinking is ___________.  A. applying a set of skills to find information about a controversial topic B. applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information C. applying information to understand and evaluate social phenomena D. reviewing information on the Internet to develop a critical opinion on it

Accepted Answer

B. applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information

Question 2

Psychology refers to the _____________.  A. empirical study of humanity B. experimental study of individuals C. scientific study of the mind D. systematic study of human interaction

Accepted Answer

C. scientific study of the mind

Question 3

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on __________ and early childhood experiences.   A. a person\'s consciousness B. a person\'s unconscious C. fetal development D. sexual identity

Accepted Answer

B. a person\'s unconscious

Question 4

Behaviorists study __________.  A. a person\'s unconscious mind B. chemical and hormonal changes C. dreams D. learned behavior

Accepted Answer

D. learned behavior

Question 5

A(n) ______________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.  A. gestaltlaten B. isolate C. Skinner box D. Watson manipulator

Accepted Answer

C. Skinner box

Question 6

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ___________.  A. behaviorism B. client-centered therapy C. introspection D. psychoanalysis

Accepted Answer

C. introspection

Question 7

In Maslow\'s hierarchy of needs, the ___________ include food, water, and shelter.   A. basic survival needs B. comfort objects C. higher-level needs D. wants

Accepted Answer

A. basic survival needs

Question 8

Marta is pursuing a graduate degree in psychology. As part of her program she must write a long research paper based on the data she spent the last year gathering. What is the long research paper called?  A. dissertation B. PhD C. postdoctoral D. PsyD

Accepted Answer

A. dissertation

Question 9

When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ___________ trait.  A. agreeableness B. extroversion C. neuroticism D. openness

Accepted Answer

D. openness

Question 10

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ___________.   A. studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious B. studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests C. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes D. studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

Accepted Answer

C. studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

Question 11

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ____________ psychology.   A. biological B. Gestalt C. industrial-organizational D. social

Accepted Answer

C. industrial-organizational

Question 12

In a study of mate preference differences between men and women that spanned 37 cultures, Buss (1989) found that men value youthful appearance more than women. Why?  A. Men are more sexually responsive with younger women. B. Men need to display their mates as a trophy. C. Women are not as superficial as men.  D. Youthful looks provide fertility clues.

Accepted Answer

D. Youthful looks provide fertility clues.

Question 13

The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) ____________.   A. correlation B. fact C. illusory correlation D. opinion

Accepted Answer

C. illusory correlation

Question 14

Trephination is the _____________.   A. method that supposedly proved that the world is flat B. procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape C. technique that helps ensure the validity of experimental results D. theory that mental illness is caused by demonic possession

Accepted Answer

B. procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape

Question 15

What is a limitation that affects the generalization of research results?  A. control groups B. operational definitions C. random assignment D. small sample size

Accepted Answer

D. small sample size

Question 16

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?  A. case study B. experiment C. naturalistic observation D. survey

Accepted Answer

C. naturalistic observation

Question 17

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design?  A. Longitudinal research is time consuming. B. Marijuana has already been decriminalized in some places.  C. Recruitment could be a challenge because people of different ages are difficult to sample.  D. Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

Accepted Answer

D. Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

Question 18

____________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.   A. archival B. correlational C. experimental D. survey

Accepted Answer

A. archival

Question 19

___________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.   A. archival B. correlational C. cross-sectional D. longitudinal

Accepted Answer

D. longitudinal

Question 20

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ___________.   A. inter-rater reliability B. reliability C. replication D. validity

Accepted Answer

C. replication

Question 21

___________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.   A. cause-and-effect B. correlation C. reliability D. validity

Accepted Answer

B. correlation

Question 22

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children\'s development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example. of ___________.   A. confirmation bias B. confounding variable C. correlational research D. observer bias

Accepted Answer

A. confirmation bias

Question 23

Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants\' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ___________.   A. dependent variable B. independent variable C. operational definition D. significant variable

Accepted Answer

A. dependent variable

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a potential problem associated with relying on college students as participants in psychological research?  A. It may be difficult to generalize findings to other groups. B. They are more educated than the general public. C. They have higher attrition rates than other populations. D. They tend to be more liberal than the general public.

Accepted Answer

C. They have higher attrition rates than other populations.

Question 25

__________ refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result.   A. generalizability B. reliability C. statistical significance D. validity

Accepted Answer

B. reliability

Question 26

Psychological researchers study genetics in order to better understand the __________ that contributes to certain behaviors.   A. biology B. neurology C. psychology D. physiology

Accepted Answer

A. biology

Question 27

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ___________.   A. how behaviors have changed over time. B. the contribution of genes or environment to the behavior in the individuals studied C. the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population D. whether genes or environment cause a behavior or trait

Accepted Answer

C. the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population

Question 28

The space between two neurons is called the _________.  A. soma B. synapse C. terminal button D. vesicle

Accepted Answer

B. synapse

Question 29

____________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.   A. action potential B. depolarization C. hyperpolarization D. threshold of excitation

Accepted Answer

A. action potential

Question 30

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?  A. frontal B. occipital C. parietal D. temporal

Accepted Answer

D. temporal

Question 31

__________ is a neurotransmitter involved in mood, reward, addiction, and motor behavior.  A. acetylcholine B. dopamine C. glutamate D. serotonin

Accepted Answer

B. dopamine

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of PET scanning?  A. An alternative diagnostic tool is fMRI. B. It is unable to pinpoint events in time.  C. There is a low level of detail. D. There is radiation exposure.

Accepted Answer

A. An alternative diagnostic tool is fMRI.

Question 33

The theory of _________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.   A. behavioral genetics B. evolution by natural selection C. genetic mutation D. survivalism

Accepted Answer

B. evolution by natural selection

Question 34

Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake?  A. circadian rhythm B. consciousness C. jet lag D. sleep

Accepted Answer

D. sleep

Question 35

Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content?  A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

D. Sigmund Freud

Question 36

Sleep apnea is defined by _________________.  A. a sense of panic in the sufferer often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape B. episodes during which a sleeper\'s breathing stops C. uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep D. unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep

Accepted Answer

B. episodes during which a sleeper\'s breathing stops

Question 37

__________ is one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role.   A. insomnia B. NREM phase C. parasomnia D. REM phase

Accepted Answer

C. parasomnia

Question 38

The _________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.   A. circadian B. homeostatic C. meta D. pineal

Accepted Answer

A. circadian

Question 39

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. this is an example of ____________.   A. physical dependence B. psychological dependence C. tolerance D. withdrawal

Accepted Answer

C. tolerance

Question 40

___________ theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist.   A. cognitive behavioral B. dissociative C. Jungian D. social-cognitive

Accepted Answer

B. dissociative

Question 41

Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false?  A. It can result in sleeping problems.  B. It refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a regular basis.  C. It renders the maintenance of a normal circadian cycle difficult.  D. It will probably lead to substance abuse.

Accepted Answer

D. It will probably lead to substance abuse.

Question 42

Honeybees can see light in the _________ range of the electromagnetic spectrum.  A. beta B. gamma C. infrared D. ultraviolet

Accepted Answer

D. ultraviolet

Question 43

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain?  A. cornea B. linear C. optic D. photoreceptor

Accepted Answer

C. optic

Question 44

Congenital deafness refers to deafness __________.   A. as a result of disease B. as a result of old age C. due to deliberate damage D. since birth

Accepted Answer

D. since birth

Question 45

Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit\'s friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn\'t know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that __________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived.   A. attention B. friendship C. habit D. mood

Accepted Answer

A. attention

Question 46

Suppose you are watching a move on a large screen. For a fraction of a second, the words \"Drink Cola\" flash on the screen. You do not perceive the words \"Drink Cola\" because it is beyond your absolute threshold. In this example, the message \"Drink Cola\" is an example of _________.   A. a subliminal message B. bottom-up processing C. sensory adaption D. top-down processing

Accepted Answer

A. a subliminal message

Question 47

Which part of the eye holds eye color?   A. cornea B. iris C. lens D. retina

Accepted Answer

B. iris

Question 48

Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called?  A. congenital analgesia B. inherited numbness C. nociception D. Pacinian Syndrome

Accepted Answer

A. congenital analgesia

Question 49

Read the following two sentences: (1) Gre eng rass gr ow son themoun tain. (2) Green grass grows on the the mountain. How does the principle of proximity explain why the second sentence makes sense immediately, but the first sentence does not?  A. The first sentence is encoded, and the second sentence is decoded.  B. We group letters of a given word together because there are no spaces between the letters, and we perceive words because there are spaced between each word.  C. We learn the first sentence subliminally which lets us translate the meaning of the second sentence more quickly. D. We read the first sentence as practice and the second sentence as real.

Accepted Answer

B. We group letters of a given word together because there are no spaces between the letters, and we perceive words because there are spaced between each word.

Question 50

The empirical method of study is based on _________.   A. guesswork B. observation C. practice D. statistics

Accepted Answer

B. observation

Question 51

Which of the following refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?  A. -ology B. hypothesis C. pseudoscience D. scientific theory

Accepted Answer

D. scientific theory

Question 52

A difference in _____________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.  A. behavior B. evolution C. genetics D. nurture

Accepted Answer

C. genetics

Question 53

Control group

Accepted Answer

serves as a basis for comparison and controls for chance factors that might influence the results of the studyâby holding such factors constant across groups so that the experimental manipulation is the only difference between groups.

Question 54

Operational definition

Accepted Answer

description of what actions and operations will be used to measure the dependent variables and manipulate the independent variables.

Question 55

Random assignment

Accepted Answer

method of experimental group assignment in which all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to either group.

Question 56

Naturalistic observation

Accepted Answer

observation of behavior in its natural setting.

Question 57

Survey

Accepted Answer

list of questions to be answered by research participantsâgiven as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verballyâallowing researchers to collect data from a large number of people.

Question 58

Archival research

Accepted Answer

method of research using past records or data sets to answer various research questions, or to search for interesting patterns or relationships.

Question 59

Experimental group

Accepted Answer

group designed to answer the research question; experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, so any differences between the two are due to experimental manipulation rather than chance.

Question 60

Cross-sectional research

Accepted Answer

compares multiple segments of a population at a single time.

Question 61

Longitudinal research

Accepted Answer

studies in which the same group of individuals is surveyed or measured repeatedly over an extended period of time.

Question 62

Inter-rater reliability

Accepted Answer

measure of agreement among observers on how they record and classify a particular event.

Question 63

Reliability

Accepted Answer

consistency and reproducibility of a given result.

Question 64

Replicate

Accepted Answer

repeating an experiment using different samples to determine the research\'s reliability.

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