Psychology modules 33-38 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Psychologists define stress as
answer
how we respond to threatening or challenging events
question
What are the three elements of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
answer
Alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion
question
The subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness is known as
answer
health psychology
question
Different types of coping with stress were discussed in lecture. what best describes problem-focused coping
answer
Attempting to deal with stress directly changing the stressor or the way we interact with it
question
To alleviate the stress he feels after failing a college course, Jeremy seeks social support from his friends and family. His behavior best illustrates
answer
emotion-focused coping
question
Aerobic exercise has been most closely linked to a decrease in
answer
depression
question
increased pleasure and decreased pain leads to happiness
answer
Hedonic happiness
question
The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy, they
answer
are more willing to help others
question
The study of positive emotions, desirable character traits, and optimal human functioning best describes what subfield of psychology?
answer
positive psychology
question
An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting is his or her
answer
personality
question
the importance of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences is of most central importance to
answer
psychodynamic theories
question
According to Freud, the unconscious is
answer
thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are largely unaware
question
According to psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the
answer
id
question
According to Freud, the part of the personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the
answer
superego
question
Freud referred to a lingering focus on pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as
answer
fixation
question
Repression refers to the defense mechanism by which people
answer
Banish anxiety-arousing thoughts from consciousness
question
Reaction formation refers to the process by which people
answer
Offer self justifying explanations instead of real but unacceptable unconscious reasons for action
question
The famous test introduced by Hermann Rorschach asks test-takers to respond to
answer
meaningless inkblots
question
Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it
answer
Offers few testable hypotheses
question
Emotional instability is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of
answer
neuroticism
question
Being highly imaginative is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of
answer
openness
question
Arguments as to whether people's behavior is more strongly influenced by temporary external influences or by enduring inner influences best characterize the
answer
person situation controversy
question
Although some aspects of our personality may shift as we age, our personalities are relatively enduring and do not change much after 30. True or False
answer
true
question
Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?
answer
social psychology
question
Jane insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of?
answer
dispositional attribution
question
The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ______ and to overestimate the impact of _______ in explaining the behavior of others.
answer
Situational influences; personal dispositions
question
We are NOT likely to make the fundamental attribution error if we observe someone
answer
in a variety of situations
question
Linda is tempted to shoplift a gold necklace even though she has negative feelings about shoplifting. Linda is LEAST likely to steal the merchandise if
answer
She easily recalls her negative feelings about shoplifting
question
Explain what the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is and give an example.
answer
tendency for people to comply with some large request after first agreeing to a small request
question
Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of
answer
Role playing on attitudes
question
Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?
answer
cognitive dissonance
question
Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called
answer
conformity
question
Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that it's not. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if
answer
He feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team
question
Joe hates to wear ties but wears one to his sister's wedding to avoid his family's disapproval. Joe's behavior exemplifies the importance of
answer
normative social influence
question
In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were MOST likely to deliver high levels of shock when
answer
The "learner" was placed in a different room from the "teacher"
question
Professional athletes perform better before an audience than when alone. This best illustrates
answer
social facilitation
question
Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to
answer
Exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal
question
The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the
answer
Emergency is being observed by a number of other people
question
Describe how the Genovese murder contributed to our understanding of social psychology
answer
Bystander effect: many people saw her get murdered but instead of taking action relied on thinking someone else who saw it would
question
eudemonic happiness
answer
people feel happy if they experience life purpose, challenges and growth
