question

Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?

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Social phsycology

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Attribution theory was designed to account for

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how people explain others' behavior

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The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others.

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situational influences; personal dispositions

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In explaining the actions of people we do not know well, we often demonstrate

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the fundamental attribution error

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Observing yourself on a video replay is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to

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personality traits

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Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

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belief-based feelings

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Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates

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central route persuasion

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Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate, ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates

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peripheral route persuasion

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The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by

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the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

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The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency to

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comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request

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The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as a(n)

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role

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The ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next constitute

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culture

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Norms are best described as

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rules for socially accepted behavior

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Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as

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the chameleon affect

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We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. This illustrates

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mood linkage

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Prejudice is best defined as

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an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members

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Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called

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stereotypes

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Prejudice is a(n) ________; discrimination is a(n) ________.

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attitude; behavior

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Worldwide, women are ________ likely than men to live in poverty, and they are ________ likely than men to be illiterate.

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more; more

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Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying

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social inequalities

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People who blame victims of cancer for their medical misfortune best illustrate

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the just world phenomenon

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The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races is called

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the other- race effect

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Only when experimental participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. This best illustrates that victim blaming is fueled by

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hindsight bias

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According to the text, aggression always involves

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the intent to hurt

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Following the consumption of alcohol, people are increasingly likely to respond to minor frustrations with violent outbursts. This best illustrates

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the interaction of biology and experience

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Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression.

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genetic influences

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The frustration-aggression principle suggests that anger results when

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the attempt to achieve a goal is blocked

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Joel's sexually violent behavior is influenced by his unrealistic sexual scripts, crowded housing conditions, and abuse of alcohol. A comprehensive understanding of Joel's behavior is most clearly provided by

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a biopsychosocial approach

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On average, Internet-formed friendships and romantic relationships are ________ likely than relationships formed in person to last beyond two years. When conversing online with someone for 20 minutes, participants in one study felt ________ liking for that person than they did for someone they talked with face to face.

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more; more

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The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people

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experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar

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After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. Cindy's reaction best illustrates

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the mere exposure effect

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People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their

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happiness

question

Women are attracted to healthy-looking men, but especially to those who seem to be

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mature

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Which of the following is most clearly supported by research on social attraction?

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Birds of a feather flock together

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The two-factor theory of emotion has been used to explain

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passionate love

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Oxytocin is a hormone that has been found to promote feelings of

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trust

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Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. This best illustrates the perceived value of

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equity

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Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of

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self- disclosure

question

Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates

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altruism

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Social psychologists have observed people's willingness to pick up dropped coins or pencils in elevators in order to study the

answer

bystander effect

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When 68-year-old Mrs. Blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway, she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. One year later, when she had a flat tire on a busy freeway, an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates the

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bystander effect

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The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the

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emergency is observed by a number of people

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A failure to aid a stranger who needs help in an emergency situation is especially likely when people

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are in a hurry

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According to social exchange theory, altruistic behavior is guided by

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calculations of costs and benefits

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The expectation that people should return help, not harm, to those who have helped them is called

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the reciprocity norm

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The social-responsibility norm refers to the expectation that people should

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help those who need help

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To a social psychologist, a perceived incompatibility of goals is indicative of

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conflict

question

After a yearlong drought, the city of Pine Bluffs has banned all lawn sprinkling. Many residents believe, however, that continued watering of their own lawn will have little effect on total water reserves. Consequently, there is a disastrous drain on city water reserves caused by widespread illegal sprinkling. This incident best illustrates the dynamics of

answer

social traps

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Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate

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mirror image perceptions

question

To help people avoid social traps, psychologists should promote an increased awareness of

answer

the social- reciprocity norm

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