Psychology Final Study Guide – Flashcards
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Which psychologist proposed the existence of G theory?
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Charles Spearman
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Based on the result of cross- sectional testing what did the researchers believe for the first half of the 20th century?
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The researchers believed that intelligence increases in childhood, peaks in adolescence, and then gradually declines
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A problem with cross- sectional research is that it ____?
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Can be misleading because each cohort has a unique life experience
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The research design that involves testing groups of subjects of different ages multiple times and comparing their scores with their own scores in previous periods in addition to the scores of new groups of adults of the same ages is called ___?
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Cross- sequential research
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Schaie's cross- sequence research on intellectual development illustrates ___?
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Life span perspective
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One study found that those who retired from challenging work often ____ intellectual power, those who left dull jobs often ____ intellectual power?
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Used, didn't use
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Natalie is asked by her daughter to help with making a list of all of the presidents of the US, in order for Natalie to help her daughter she will need to rely on what kind of intelligence?
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Crystallized intelligence
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According to Sternberg intelligence used in everyday problem solving is said to be what?
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Practical intelligence
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A method of dealing with the problem by ignoring, forgetting, or hiding it is referred to as what type of coping?
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Avoiding coping
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The process of turning to faith is a method of coping with stress referred to as what?
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Religious coping
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Longitudinal study found that some people the trauma of hurricane Catrina lead to increased resilience, and that those between what ages where most likely to cop well?
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40- 65
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To solve a problem in his or her special area the expert is more likely than the novice to do what?
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Rely on past experiences
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Pala is a middle age doctor who is an expert in laser eye surgery graduated from medical school 35 years ago, opposed to a doctor who graduated 5 years ago who would be a better chose?
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The expert
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Research on taxi drivers in London indicates that drivers with more experience ___?
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But also their brains adjusted to the need for particular knowledge
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The theorist who proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop into adulthood was ____?
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Maslow
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How many stages of development did Abraham Maslow describe?
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5 stages
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People in Maslow's 3rd level of hierarches seeks ____?
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Love and belonging
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Which one of the following is not one of the big 5 personality traits?
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Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN)
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Samuel is moody anxious and self-punishing, Samuel is high in _____?
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Neuroticism
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A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extraversion would be described as _____?
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Outgoing, assertive, and active
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Those who know her describe Matilde as a kind, helpful and easy going person, she is high on which big 5 traits?
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Agreeableness
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Chris is high in extraversion and therefore will probably _____?
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Get married
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Which personality trait tends to increases with age?
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Agreeableness and Conscientiousness
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Statistically who is likely to have the most stable personality?
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Extroversion
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As people age there friendships tend to do
____?
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Improve
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A study of 7578 nations found that physical separation between parents and adult parents had what impact?
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Became stronger
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Who is more likely to be depressed as an adult?
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Adult children who are no longer in college
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Getting married having children and living in separate residences has what impact on sibling relationships in adulthood?
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Enhanced closeness
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Of adult born before 1940 what percent of them got married?
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96%
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Couples who cohabit due to convenience are ____?
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More likely to separate than married couples
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After children have grown most couples find that _____?
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Their relationships improve
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What proportion of first marriages end in divorce?
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More than 1/3
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One of the most influential fractures in divorces is _____?
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one aspect of the marriage has become difficult to endure
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Which of the following of brain changes in later life surprised scientists when it was discovered?
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that neurons form and dendrites grow in adulthood
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Which parts of the brain shrink the most in later life?
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Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
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The brain reduces an older persons awareness of sensory loses by doing ____?
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Automatically fills in missed sights and sounds
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The divide between what is sensed and what is not, is known as ____?
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sensory threshold
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Loss of working memory is particularly likely to affect the ability to do ____?
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perceive and process sensations
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Older adults have _____ vocabularies but ____ fluency?
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High, low
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Dementia is _____?
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A chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.
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The main symptom of frontal lobe dementia is ____?
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Emotional and personality changes
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One infectious dieses that can produce dementia is ___?
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Alzheimer's
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Abraham Maslow says that older adults are_________ compared to younger people in self- actualization?
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More likely to reach the higher level
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A study of creative people found that people in their 70s 80s and 90s ____?
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Spend time singing, playing instruments, and other creative activities