Psychology Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, & 15 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Drug abuse, as a reaction to a source of frustration, is a form of
answer
withdrawal.
question
Which of the following is a typical first response to a source of frustration?
answer
persistence.
question
Stress has been shown to
answer
put people at higher risk for heart attacks.
question
Marge is easygoing, slow to anger and usually relaxed. Marge's personality type is
answer
B.
question
Claire's boss picked on by her in front of her coworkers in a meeting. When she got home, she started a fight with her roommate. What form of coping with this frustration did Claire demonstrate
answer
displaced aggression.
question
When Ravi found out that he didn't get a high enough grade on his final for an A in his psychology course, he experienced stress from
answer
frustration.
question
If Tom has been adapting to a stressor and is now experiencing fatigue due to prolonged muscle tension, according to psychologist Selye, Tom is in the ______ stage.
answer
exhaustion.
question
When Ben found out his girlfriend had been unfaithful, he didn't say anything to her but he was furious on the inside. Ben is personality type
answer
C.
question
Howard was upset that he got a B in Biology, but he felt better knowing that the average grade was a C. Howard was using ______ to make himself feel better.
answer
downward social comparison.
question
Becca put her last dollar into a vending machine to buy herself a snack. The machine accepted the dollar but did not release the snack. Becca pushed the button for coin return, but the machine did not refund her money. She continued to keep pushing the button for several minutes. Her behavior is an example of
answer
persistence.
question
_________ results when people experience unpleasant stressors.
answer
Distress
question
Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale focuses on
answer
how life events cause stress in one's life.
question
Miller and Rahe found that overall stress associated with many of the items on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale had ______ from the original 1967 ratings.
answer
increased about 45%
question
Adults find the hassle of ______ to be the greatest source of stress.
answer
fighting among family members
question
People facing ______ conflicting are dealing with two or more goals or events that are unpleasant.
answer
avoidance-avoidance
question
The phases of the general adaption syndrome are alarm, resistance, and
answer
exhaustion.
question
The _______ returns the body to normal functioning after the stress has ended
answer
parasympathetic nervous system
question
According to Lazarus's cognitive appraisal approach, the first step in appraising a stressor is called ______ appraisal.
answer
primary
question
Two economically based social factors discussed in the text that create stressful living conditions are poverty and
answer
job stress.
question
_______ refers to negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration.
answer
Burnout
question
A person dealing with acculturative stress by choosing to maintain a sense of the original culture identity while also trying to form a positive relationship with members of the majority culture is using the ____ method.
answer
intergration
question
During the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the adrenal glands release hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and the supply of blood sugar.
answer
alarm
question
Which of the following is NOT true regarding optimists?
answer
They have a 75% lower risk of premature death.
question
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of meditation?
answer
brain waves change to include more delta waves.
question
Religion is associated with all of the follow EXCEPT
answer
reducing people's numbers of negative life events.
question
Which of the following received the lowest stress rating by college students on the College Undergraduate Stress Scale?
answer
peer pressure
question
Psychologist Hans Selye's three stages of the body's physiological reaction to stress are called the
answer
general adaptation syndrome.
question
When frustrated, a person may react with ______, an action meant to harm or destroy.
answer
aggression
question
According to the cognitive mediational theory, the step during which a stressor is appraised and assessed as a threat is the
answer
primary appraisal?
question
When white blood cells encounter an infection in the body, they create chemicals and enzymes that activate receptor sites on the ______ that then signals the brain that the body is sick.
answer
vagus nerve
question
The method of coping with stress in which a person changes the way he or she feels or emotionally reacts to a stressor is the _______ method.
answer
emotion-focused coping
question
Stress-causing events are called
answer
stressors.
question
According to the College Undergraduate Stress Scale, what life event causes the most amount of stress in a college student's life over a one-year period?
answer
being raped.
question
Sonja has an exam coming up and she is beginning to worry about it. According to the cognitive mediational theory, how should Sonja try to perceive the exam to make her coping ability more successful?
answer
Sonja should perceive the exam as a challenge or an opportunity to do well.
question
Joe is stuck in rush hour traffic in pouring rain on a Friday night. Then his car breaks down and he has to wait for a tow truck for two hours, causing him to miss going out to dinner with his friends. This type of stressor is an example of
answer
external frustration?
question
Carl and Kathleen just moved to Germany from the United States for Carl's job. Carl chooses to dress exactly as his German coworkers and friends do, makes a point of going only to German restaurants and bars, and insists that German only be spoken at home. Meanwhile, Kathleen continues to wear clothes she brought from home, seeks out American restaurants when she goes out, and will get healthcare only from doctors recommended by or available at the American Embassy. Carl is coping with accultural stress by ________ while Kathleen is coping by _______.
answer
assimilation; separation
question
The ______ type of conflict, also called a "win-win situation," is easy to resolve and doesn't cause a great deal of stress because a person experiences a desire for two goals.
answer
approach-approach
question
In _______, people who have identified a threat or harmful effect must estimate the resources that they have available for dealing with the stressor.
answer
secondary appraisal
question
According to psychologist Richard Lazarus, the cognitive-mediational theory suggests that
answer
the way people think about and appraise a stressor is a major factor in how stressful that particular stressor becomes.
question
Type 2 diabetes is a common result of prolonged stress due to which common behavior?
answer
overeating
question
Scores between 150 and 199 on the SRRS indicate
answer
a "mild life crisis."
question
Day-to-day hassles
answer
are predictors of short-term illnesses such as headaches and colds.
question
Time pressure
answer
tends to make people less creative.
question
The destruction of the World Trade Center in New York City on September 11, 2001, is an example of (a)
answer
catastrophe.
question
The adjustment to _______ caused by a stressor is the core of stress, according to Holmes and Rahe.
answer
changes
question
The prolonged secretion of the stress hormones during the exhaustion stage
answer
can lead to the most harmful effects of stress.
question
Drug abuse, as a reaction to a source of frustration, is a form of
answer
withdrawal.
question
Which of the following describes a person with a Type C personality?
answer
Phil is a sensitive, pleasant guy who avoids confrontation. He does not get along with his coworker, but rather than tell her when he disagrees with her, he internalizes his emotion and frustration.
question
More than anything else, Kendra wants to be the lead singer in a rock band and become famous. However, during her singing lessons her music teacher has told her that her voice is flat and she has no future as a singer. This is an example of
answer
internal frustration.
question
Mike thinks of himself as a "go-getter." He gets to work early, leaves late, doesn't stop for lunch, and competes with his coworkers to get the best accounts and to complete a task with the least errors. He also runs 5 miles a day, always takes work on vacation with him, and will only watch TV if he can fold laundry or do dishes while watching. Mike is a _________ personality.
answer
Type A
question
When Ravi found out that he didn't get a high enough grade on his final for an A in his psychology course, he experienced stress from
answer
frustration.
question
The method of coping with stress in which a person changes the way he or she feels or emotionally reacts to a stressor is the ______ method.
answer
emotion-focused coping
question
_________ meditation involves trying to expand consciousness outward.
answer
Receptive
question
The immune system consists of cells, organs, and
answer
chemicals in the body.
question
According to Lazarus's cognitive appraisal approach, the first step in appraising a stressor is called ______ appraisal.
answer
primary
question
Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale focuses on
answer
how life events cause stress in one's life.
question
According to the general adaptation syndrome, when a body first reacts to a stressor during the alarm stage, the body activates the ________ system, causing increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and supply of blood sugar.
answer
sympathetic nervous
question
The stress that promotes health and well-being is called
answer
eustress
question
During the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the adrenal glands release hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and the supply of blood sugar.
answer
alarm
question
Research on conformity suggests that if a _____ response is required, ______ show more conformity than ______.
answer
public; women; men
question
The war in Iraq, the design of the ship Titanic, and the Challenger disaster are all given in the textbook as examples of
answer
groupthink.
question
Attitudes
answer
are learned through experiences and contact with others.
question
People can reduce cognitive dissonance by
answer
forming new cognitions to justify their behavior.
question
Scapegoats are
answer
typically members of the out-group.
question
Strategies for overcoming prejudice include
answer
education and equal status contact.
question
The sadistic behavior of the "guards" in Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study
answer
highlighted the influence that a social role can have on ordinary people.
question
The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to _____.
answer
the presence of multiple witnesses
question
In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to
answer
give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task.
question
A person demanding _______ has power or authority to command a behavioral change, rather than just ask for a change.
answer
obedience
question
In the Milgram study and several similar studies, between _____ percent of the participants went all the way up to the 450-volt shock level.
answer
61 and 66
question
A person tries to change the belief, opinion, or course of action of another person through
answer
persuasion.
question
_____ is the attitude about members of a particular social group and _____ is the behavior that can result from that attitude.
answer
Prejudice; discrimination
question
The formation of in-groups and out-groups
answer
begins in childhood.
question
The effect that people's awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior is
answer
stereotype vulnerability.
question
According to Sternberg, love consists of intimacy, passion, and
answer
commitment.
question
Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love says that companionate love consists of
answer
intimacy and commitment.
question
_______ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.
answer
Diffusion of responsibility
question
Studies have found that the _____ is particularly active when people have made a decision that reduces dissonance and then acted on that decision.
answer
left frontal cortex
question
If your roommate asks you for a ride to campus and you agree, and then the next day asks if he can borrow your car, it is an example of the
answer
foot-in-the-door technique.
question
Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. Cindy formed her attitude about peas through the process of
answer
direct contact.
question
Justin walks into the morning meeting 15 minutes late. His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Marco is using an example of
answer
situational cause.
question
Shawn and Tanya start talking after they've ridden on the dorm elevator several times together. This is an example of which rule of attraction?
answer
proximity
question
Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. Karen is engaging in
answer
aggression.
question
Jim jumped into the ocean to save a drowning man, risking his own life in the process. This is an example of
answer
altruism.
question
A police officer comes to Jane's office to discuss personal safety with the employees there. Despite the seriousness of his message, the police officer jokes and laughs with the employees. Jane nonetheless takes what she learned seriously and begins to pay more attention to her safety. Jane used ______ when receiving the officer's message.
answer
central-route processing
question
Jackie is assigned to a group project. It is in her best subject, and she finds the material easy. Jackie will probably experience
answer
social facilitation.
question
Carol is told by a police officer to move her car, and she does so. Carol is showing
answer
obedience.
question
Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. Karen is engaging in
answer
aggression.
question
Julie is a psychologist involved in figuring out how to get people to purchase a certain brand of computer. Julie is involved in
answer
consumer psychology.
question
When parents tell their children that smoking cigarettes is dangerous and unhealthy, and the children develop negative attitudes toward smoking, it is an example of
answer
direct instruction.
question
The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to _____.
answer
the presence of multiple witnesses
question
Groupthink can be minimized by
answer
voting by secret ballot
question
People who are in a good mood are less likely to help if
answer
helping will destroy their good mood.
question
Strategies for overcoming prejudice include
answer
education and equal status contact.
question
In one study, college students liked another student simply because they were told that the other student liked them. This is an example of which rule of attraction?
answer
reciprocity
question
When trying to persuade an audience, the message should
answer
present both sides of the argument.
question
The that's-not-all technique activates
answer
the norm of reciprocity.
question
In order to teach her second grade students about ______, teacher Jane Elliot created in-groups and out-groups based on the superficial characteristic of eye color.
answer
discrimination
question
The formation of in-groups and out-groups
answer
begins in childhood.
question
In Milgram's obedience experiment, no "teacher" stopped administering electric shock to the "learner" before
answer
300 volts.
question
Sherif's 1936 study of conformity involved
answer
asking participants to report the movement of a single point of light in a darkened room.
question
According to your textbook, the _____ theory explains prejudice and discrimination between the Nazi soldiers and Jewish people during WWII.
answer
realistic conflict
question
According to _________ theory, prejudice may result, at least in part, from the need to increase one's own self-esteem by looking down on others.
answer
social identity
question
One of the major problems associated with personality inventories is that they are
answer
dependent on the honesty of the person taking the test.
question
The advantage of personality inventories over projective tests is that inventories are
answer
standardized.
question
Sigmund Freud's ideas were probably shaped by the historical era in which he lived, a time known as the
answer
Victorian Age.
question
Freud believed the mind was divided into three parts: the ________, the ________, and the preconscious.
answer
unconscious; conscious
question
Turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior is known as
answer
sublimation.
question
According to Freud, the oral stage
answer
involves the conflict of weaning.
question
________ believed that there was not only a personal unconscious, but a collective unconscious as well.
answer
Jung
question
Which of the following perspectives on personality focuses on aspects that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice?
answer
humanistic
question
________ are more concerned with describing personality and predicting behavior than with the explanation of personality development
answer
Trait theorists
question
Jim and Jose were studying for their psychology test. Jim asked Jose to name a test developed by Cattell based on factor analysis to measure one's personality characteristics. Jose knew right away that Jim was talking about the
answer
Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire.
question
The assumption that the particular circumstance of any given situation will influence the way in which a trait is expressed is known as
answer
trait-situation interaction.
question
The tendency to form a favorable or unfavorable impression of someone at the first meeting that affects later interpretation of that person is
answer
the halo effect.
question
The ________ consists of 20 black and white pictures of people in ambiguous situations.
answer
Thematic Apperception Test
question
Tests in which people are asked to tell what they see in ambiguous visual stimuli are
answer
projective tests.
question
The ________ specifically tests for abnormal behavioral patterns in personality.
answer
MMPI-2
question
When members of a group devote their lives to obtaining physical pleasure and immediate satisfaction of their needs, according to Freud, this group is dominated by their
answer
id.
question
Freud believed that children adopt their parents' moral beliefs during the ________ stage of personality development.
answer
phallic
question
The Oedipus complex refers to
answer
a child developing a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and displaying jealousy of the same-sex parent.
question
According to Freud, children in the latency stage
answer
develop intellectually, physically, and socially.
question
The image of oneself, which is based on information from significant people in one's life, is that person's
answer
self-concept.
question
Surface traits
answer
are seen in the outward actions of a person.
question
With regard to the Big Five traits of personality, when someone is creative, artistic, non-conforming, and curious, he or she tends to score high on the ________ trait.
answer
openness
question
Joe complains that his coworker, George, is irritating because George never has a nice thing to say about anyone or anything. Joe believes George's problem is an enduring characteristic with which George was born. In other words, Joe dislikes George's
answer
temperament
question
Heidi is exploring her options and trying to decide where her best potential and abilities lie. She has a good idea of who she is and what she wants out of life. Carl Rogers would say that Heidi is a
answer
fully functioning person.
question
A music teacher wants to test her students on their piano skills. She then proceeds to administer a multiple choice test. This test lacks
answer
validity
question
Devon is taking a personality test that includes a long list of questions. For each question, Devon must choose from a limited set of answers. Devon is taking a
answer
personality inventory.
question
Shortly after her daughter is born, Anna's three-year-old son wants to start sleeping in the crib again. This is an example of
answer
regression.
question
Sophie has a chance to interview for a promotion at work. She is sure she will do poorly anyway, so she decides against it. Bandura would say that Sophie has
answer
low self-efficacy.
question
The office of one of your professors is extremely neat and tidy. All the books are carefully arranged on the shelves, and there are no papers lying about. Freud might suggest that this person has a(n)
answer
anal fixation.
question
One of the main proponents of the humanistic view was
answer
Carl Rogers.
question
According to Freud, the ________ mind is where we keep events, information, concerns, and thoughts of which we are not currently aware but can readily access.
answer
preconscious
question
The process girls experience, with their father as the object of their affections and their mother as the rival, is
answer
the Electra complex.
question
In Freud's theory, the id, the ego, and the superego
answer
are in constant conflict.
question
The five-factor model
answer
has implications for the diagnosis of personality disorders.
question
The ________ comes from those important, significant others in a person's life, most often the parents.
answer
ideal self
question
When an assessor literally counts the number of times a behavior is performed, it is called a
answer
frequency count.
question
_________ see personality as nothing more than a set of learned responses.
answer
Behaviorists
question
Some believe that humanistic theory is
answer
more of a philosophical view than a psychological explanation.
question
Trait theories differ from other theories of personality development in that they
answer
are less concerned with how personality develops than they are with describing personalities and the actions that result from them.
question
One of the major problems associated with personality inventories is that they are
answer
dependent on the honesty of the person taking the test.
question
A man with a paralyzing fear of heights has become unable to go upstairs or ride in an elevator. This is an example of
answer
subjective discomfort.
question
Matthew, a psychology major, is worried that he and his family have the mental disorders he is reading about. Matthew is experiencing
answer
psychology student's syndrome.
question
Maria is a college student and is generally anxious. She can not identify any one thing in particular that is bothersome but feels anxious most of the time. Maria is exhibiting
answer
free-floating anxiety.
question
Bill is extremely vain and winds up steering all conversations towards himself. When evaluating situations, he can only see how they affect him. Bill may have which type of personality disorder?
answer
narcissistic
question
In which Axis of the DSM-IV-TR are personality disorders diagnosed?
answer
Axis II
question
The study of abnormal behavior is called
answer
psychopathology.
question
_____ disorders involve a break in consciousness, memory, or a person's sense of identity.
answer
Dissociative
question
Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external causal factor is called
answer
major depression.
question
During the Middle Ages, mental disorders were thought to be caused by
answer
spirit possession.
question
The frequency of ______ personality disorder in women is nearly two to three times greater that in men, leading researchers to believe that hormonal influences, childhood experiences with incest or drug abuse, and a poor mother-infant relationship can cause the disorder.
answer
borderline
question
_______ is the most commonly diagnosed mood disorder.
answer
Major depression
question
An irrational and often persistent fear of an object, situation, or activity is called
answer
a phobia.
question
_____ is a mood disorder that is caused by the body's reaction to low levels of light present in the winter months.
answer
Seasonal affective disorder
question
The term ____ means that the person is unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy and has disturbances in thinking, emotions, and behavior.
answer
psychotic
question
Anorexia nervosa is a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of _____ percent below expected body weight occurs.
answer
15
question
There are ___ different categories of recognized types of personality disorders in the DSM-IV-TR.
answer
three
question
The term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which the person with the disorder was nurtured in order to correctly diagnose and treat the disorder is
answer
cultural relativity.
question
A person who finds it difficult to function on a day-to-day basis may be displaying ______ behaviors.
answer
maladaptive
question
The ____ model explains disordered behavior as the result of repressing one's threatening thoughts, memories, and concerns in the unconscious mind.
answer
psychodynamic
question
In the ______ model, abnormal behavior is seen as the result of the combined and interacting forces of biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences.
answer
biopsychosocial
question
This is apparent when there is a sudden onset of intense panic in which there can be multiple physical symptoms of stress occurring.
answer
a panic attack
question
_______ is when a person believes that his or her behavior must be perfect or the result will be a total failure.
answer
All-or-nothing
question
The dissociative disorder that occurs when a person travels away from home and then cannot remember the trip or personal information such as identity is
answer
dissociative fugue.
question
The ______ theory explains dissociative disorders as the result of "thought avoidance" to avoid or decrease the pain of guilt, shame, or anxiety produced from disturbing thoughts and experiences.
answer
cognitive/behavioral
question
The DSM-IV-TR contains all of the following EXCEPT
answer
a description of how to perform such procedures as trepanning to treat the disorders.
question
Bulimia nervosa is a condition in which a person develops a cycle of binging on enormous amounts of food and then using inappropriate methods to avoid weight gain. What causes a person to binge when he or she is so worried about weight gain?
answer
prompts such as an anxious or depressed mood, social stressors, or intense hunger after extreme diet attempts
question
An individual who uses _____ takes one negative event and interprets it as a never-ending pattern of defeat.
answer
overgeneralization
question
Behavioral theorists link depression to
answer
learned helplessness.
question
A woman who cuts herself to relieve anxiety would be suffering from
answer
maladaptive behavior.
question
_______ psychologists see anxiety disorders as a result of illogical, irrational thought processes.
answer
Cognitive
question
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are ailments most often found in Western society, and are therefore called
answer
culture-bound syndromes.
question
Of the delusions, a delusion of reference best characterizes disordered thinking when an individual with schizophrenia believes
answer
other people, television characters, and books are speaking directly to them.
question
The disorder in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions is a(n) ______ disorder.
answer
personality
question
The term dementia praecox once referred to the disorder now known as
answer
schizophrenia.
question
Personality disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder, would be found on which axis of the DSM-IV-TR?
answer
Axis II
question
The frequency of ______ personality disorder is nearly two to three times greater in women than in men.
answer
borderline
question
The number-one diagnosed mental disorder in the United States is
answer
depression.
question
According to the DSM-IV-TR, diagnosis of a patient thought to have a mental disorder requires looking at
answer
five separate axes.
question
A woman who had been raped cannot recall the experience itself and also cannot recall anything that happened in the two weeks following the event. She remembers everything leading up to the event. The woman is suffering from
answer
dissociative amnesia.
question
Lois seems to have it all. She has a stable job that pays well with great benefits, she is well-liked and receives promotions, and her company is going strong. She also has a stable family life and is in great physical health. She cannot identify any one thing she is worried about yet she cannot sleep at night because she feels extremely anxious. Lois is suffering from
answer
free-floating anxiety.
question
Scott experiences vast mood swings ranging from depression on one end of the spectrum to episodes when he feels euphoric and has so much energy that he can't sleep. Scott is suffering from
answer
bipolar disorder.
question
The first organized effort to do something with mentally ill persons began in
answer
London.
question
Phillipe Pinel is known for
answer
personally unchaining the inmates at an asylum in Paris.
question
Who founded Gestalt therapy?
answer
Fritz Perls
question
Individuals who suffer from severe mental illness along with psychosis are generally not good candidates for ______ treatment.
answer
psychodynamic
question
Who questioned whether psychotherapy really works?
answer
Hans Eysenck
question
Therapies that directly affect the biological functioning of the body and brain are known as
answer
biomedical therapies.
question
Using medical methods to treat psychological disorders is a form of
answer
biomedical therapy.
question
In person-centered therapy, most of the work is done by
answer
the client or patient.
question
A therapy technique in which the therapist restates what the client says rather than interpreting the statements is
answer
reflection.
question
The process in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is
answer
aversion therapy.
question
The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders is called
answer
psychopharmacology.
question
A therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral is ______ therapy.
answer
nondirective
question
Distortions of thinking in which a person blows a negative event out of proportion to its importance while ignoring relevant positive events is called
answer
magnification and minimization.
question
The main goal of _____ therapy is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly.
answer
action
question
An insight therapy that emphasizes revealing unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires which may be causing mental disorders is
answer
psychoanalysis.
question
______ is a technique in which the patient is encouraged to talk about anything that comes to mind without fear of negative evaluations.
answer
Free association
question
When the therapist becomes a symbol of a parental authority figure from the past, the patient is experiencing
answer
transference.
question
_______ therapies are action based rather than insight based.
answer
Behavior
question
Rather than focusing on the behavior itself, _______ therapies focus on the distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs that lead to maladaptive behavior.
answer
cognitive
question
_______ seem(s) to work better in group settings than psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral therapies.
answer
Behavior therapies
question
In behavior therapy, the reduction of the undesired behavior is
answer
easy to measure, but gaining insights, feelings of control, and self-worth are not easily evaluated.
question
Anthony has difficulty playing with other children. He often gets angry and stomps off when things don't go his way. To help him learn to deal with his anger, his parents engage him in a game of Candy Land. They respond the way they would like to see Anthony respond when he loses a turn or is forced to move backward on the board. Anthony's parents are using a behavior modification technique called
answer
modeling.
question
Joy earns a gumball sticker for every chore she completes. She puts the stickers on her gumball chart. When the gumball chart is filled, Joy gets to choose a prize out of the prize box. Joy's parents are using
answer
a token economy.
question
Joshua's sister had a bad day at school. As a result, she doesn't want to play with him. Joshua assumes she is angry with him. Joshua is experiencing
answer
personalization.
question
Unlike psychodynamic and humanistic therapies, behavior therapies are
answer
action based, rather than insight based.
question
Generally speaking, the longer the person stays in therapy, the greater the
answer
improvement.
question
You might consider joining a self-help group if you
answer
were comfortable speaking in front of others and had a problem with overeating.
question
According to humanistic therapists, the ideal self and the real self should match as closely as possible. This is achieved through
answer
unconditional positive regard.
question
______ can be useful to treat disorders such as phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety disorders by pairing a stimulus that normally causes an unwanted response with a neutral one, eventually creating desirable involuntary reactions.
answer
Classical conditioning
question
Freud wanted his patients to lie on a couch
answer
so that he could sit behind them and take notes without them seeing his reactions.
question
Cognitive therapists focus on
answer
helping people change their way of thinking.
question
Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy?
answer
The opportunity for the therapist and the client to observe how the client interacts with others.
question
Dr. Stevens is treating a client with depression. During their sessions together, Dr. Stevens focuses on the client's relationships with friends, family, and coworkers, as well as how the everyday events of the client's life affect his mood. Dr. Stevens is using ______ to treat his client.
answer
interpersonal psychotherapy
question
While treating a child with a fear of swimming, the therapist first approaches the water, then touches the water, then stands in the water waist-deep, and finally floats in the water. The therapist then repeats the steps with the child. This is an example of
answer
participant modeling.
question
Carter has bitten his fingernails to the point where his finger tips are constantly red and swollen. After meeting with a therapist, Carter's parents have started putting a foul-tasting liquid on his fingernails several times a day. Carter's therapist is using
answer
aversion therapy.
question
_______ is an insight therapy that emphasizes revealing the unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires that are assumed to cause disordered emotions and behavior.
answer
Psychodynamic therapy
question
An estimated _______ of people feel that psychotherapy has helped them.
answer
75-90 percent
question
Dr. Karev decides to treat his patient with bipolar disorder by prescribing antimanic drugs in addition to his other therapy approaches. Dr. Karev is using _____ to treat his patient.
answer
psychopharmacology
question
The symbolic or hidden meaning of a dream is its
answer
latent content.
question
The first efforts to treat the mentally ill with kindness and guidance are called
answer
moral treatment.
question
In ______, no one person is seen as the problem.
answer
family therapy
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New