question

Drug abuse, as a reaction to a source of frustration, is a form of

answer

withdrawal.

question

Which of the following is a typical first response to a source of frustration?

answer

persistence.

question

Stress has been shown to

answer

put people at higher risk for heart attacks.

question

Marge is easygoing, slow to anger and usually relaxed. Marge's personality type is

answer

B.

question

Claire's boss picked on by her in front of her coworkers in a meeting. When she got home, she started a fight with her roommate. What form of coping with this frustration did Claire demonstrate

answer

displaced aggression.

question

When Ravi found out that he didn't get a high enough grade on his final for an A in his psychology course, he experienced stress from

answer

frustration.

question

If Tom has been adapting to a stressor and is now experiencing fatigue due to prolonged muscle tension, according to psychologist Selye, Tom is in the ______ stage.

answer

exhaustion.

question

When Ben found out his girlfriend had been unfaithful, he didn't say anything to her but he was furious on the inside. Ben is personality type

answer

C.

question

Howard was upset that he got a B in Biology, but he felt better knowing that the average grade was a C. Howard was using ______ to make himself feel better.

answer

downward social comparison.

question

Becca put her last dollar into a vending machine to buy herself a snack. The machine accepted the dollar but did not release the snack. Becca pushed the button for coin return, but the machine did not refund her money. She continued to keep pushing the button for several minutes. Her behavior is an example of

answer

persistence.

question

_________ results when people experience unpleasant stressors.

answer

Distress

question

Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale focuses on

answer

how life events cause stress in one's life.

question

Miller and Rahe found that overall stress associated with many of the items on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale had ______ from the original 1967 ratings.

answer

increased about 45%

question

Adults find the hassle of ______ to be the greatest source of stress.

answer

fighting among family members

question

People facing ______ conflicting are dealing with two or more goals or events that are unpleasant.

answer

avoidance-avoidance

question

The phases of the general adaption syndrome are alarm, resistance, and

answer

exhaustion.

question

The _______ returns the body to normal functioning after the stress has ended

answer

parasympathetic nervous system

question

According to Lazarus's cognitive appraisal approach, the first step in appraising a stressor is called ______ appraisal.

answer

primary

question

Two economically based social factors discussed in the text that create stressful living conditions are poverty and

answer

job stress.

question

_______ refers to negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration.

answer

Burnout

question

A person dealing with acculturative stress by choosing to maintain a sense of the original culture identity while also trying to form a positive relationship with members of the majority culture is using the ____ method.

answer

intergration

question

During the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the adrenal glands release hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and the supply of blood sugar.

answer

alarm

question

Which of the following is NOT true regarding optimists?

answer

They have a 75% lower risk of premature death.

question

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of meditation?

answer

brain waves change to include more delta waves.

question

Religion is associated with all of the follow EXCEPT

answer

reducing people's numbers of negative life events.

question

Which of the following received the lowest stress rating by college students on the College Undergraduate Stress Scale?

answer

peer pressure

question

Psychologist Hans Selye's three stages of the body's physiological reaction to stress are called the

answer

general adaptation syndrome.

question

When frustrated, a person may react with ______, an action meant to harm or destroy.

answer

aggression

question

According to the cognitive mediational theory, the step during which a stressor is appraised and assessed as a threat is the

answer

primary appraisal?

question

When white blood cells encounter an infection in the body, they create chemicals and enzymes that activate receptor sites on the ______ that then signals the brain that the body is sick.

answer

vagus nerve

question

The method of coping with stress in which a person changes the way he or she feels or emotionally reacts to a stressor is the _______ method.

answer

emotion-focused coping

question

Stress-causing events are called

answer

stressors.

question

According to the College Undergraduate Stress Scale, what life event causes the most amount of stress in a college student's life over a one-year period?

answer

being raped.

question

Sonja has an exam coming up and she is beginning to worry about it. According to the cognitive mediational theory, how should Sonja try to perceive the exam to make her coping ability more successful?

answer

Sonja should perceive the exam as a challenge or an opportunity to do well.

question

Joe is stuck in rush hour traffic in pouring rain on a Friday night. Then his car breaks down and he has to wait for a tow truck for two hours, causing him to miss going out to dinner with his friends. This type of stressor is an example of

answer

external frustration?

question

Carl and Kathleen just moved to Germany from the United States for Carl's job. Carl chooses to dress exactly as his German coworkers and friends do, makes a point of going only to German restaurants and bars, and insists that German only be spoken at home. Meanwhile, Kathleen continues to wear clothes she brought from home, seeks out American restaurants when she goes out, and will get healthcare only from doctors recommended by or available at the American Embassy. Carl is coping with accultural stress by ________ while Kathleen is coping by _______.

answer

assimilation; separation

question

The ______ type of conflict, also called a "win-win situation," is easy to resolve and doesn't cause a great deal of stress because a person experiences a desire for two goals.

answer

approach-approach

question

In _______, people who have identified a threat or harmful effect must estimate the resources that they have available for dealing with the stressor.

answer

secondary appraisal

question

According to psychologist Richard Lazarus, the cognitive-mediational theory suggests that

answer

the way people think about and appraise a stressor is a major factor in how stressful that particular stressor becomes.

question

Type 2 diabetes is a common result of prolonged stress due to which common behavior?

answer

overeating

question

Scores between 150 and 199 on the SRRS indicate

answer

a "mild life crisis."

question

Day-to-day hassles

answer

are predictors of short-term illnesses such as headaches and colds.

question

Time pressure

answer

tends to make people less creative.

question

The destruction of the World Trade Center in New York City on September 11, 2001, is an example of (a)

answer

catastrophe.

question

The adjustment to _______ caused by a stressor is the core of stress, according to Holmes and Rahe.

answer

changes

question

The prolonged secretion of the stress hormones during the exhaustion stage

answer

can lead to the most harmful effects of stress.

question

Drug abuse, as a reaction to a source of frustration, is a form of

answer

withdrawal.

question

Which of the following describes a person with a Type C personality?

answer

Phil is a sensitive, pleasant guy who avoids confrontation. He does not get along with his coworker, but rather than tell her when he disagrees with her, he internalizes his emotion and frustration.

question

More than anything else, Kendra wants to be the lead singer in a rock band and become famous. However, during her singing lessons her music teacher has told her that her voice is flat and she has no future as a singer. This is an example of

answer

internal frustration.

question

Mike thinks of himself as a "go-getter." He gets to work early, leaves late, doesn't stop for lunch, and competes with his coworkers to get the best accounts and to complete a task with the least errors. He also runs 5 miles a day, always takes work on vacation with him, and will only watch TV if he can fold laundry or do dishes while watching. Mike is a _________ personality.

answer

Type A

question

When Ravi found out that he didn't get a high enough grade on his final for an A in his psychology course, he experienced stress from

answer

frustration.

question

The method of coping with stress in which a person changes the way he or she feels or emotionally reacts to a stressor is the ______ method.

answer

emotion-focused coping

question

_________ meditation involves trying to expand consciousness outward.

answer

Receptive

question

The immune system consists of cells, organs, and

answer

chemicals in the body.

question

According to Lazarus's cognitive appraisal approach, the first step in appraising a stressor is called ______ appraisal.

answer

primary

question

Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale focuses on

answer

how life events cause stress in one's life.

question

According to the general adaptation syndrome, when a body first reacts to a stressor during the alarm stage, the body activates the ________ system, causing increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and supply of blood sugar.

answer

sympathetic nervous

question

The stress that promotes health and well-being is called

answer

eustress

question

During the _____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the adrenal glands release hormones that increase heart rate, blood pressure, and the supply of blood sugar.

answer

alarm

question

Research on conformity suggests that if a _____ response is required, ______ show more conformity than ______.

answer

public; women; men

question

The war in Iraq, the design of the ship Titanic, and the Challenger disaster are all given in the textbook as examples of

answer

groupthink.

question

Attitudes

answer

are learned through experiences and contact with others.

question

People can reduce cognitive dissonance by

answer

forming new cognitions to justify their behavior.

question

Scapegoats are

answer

typically members of the out-group.

question

Strategies for overcoming prejudice include

answer

education and equal status contact.

question

The sadistic behavior of the "guards" in Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study

answer

highlighted the influence that a social role can have on ordinary people.

question

The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to _____.

answer

the presence of multiple witnesses

question

In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to

answer

give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task.

question

A person demanding _______ has power or authority to command a behavioral change, rather than just ask for a change.

answer

obedience

question

In the Milgram study and several similar studies, between _____ percent of the participants went all the way up to the 450-volt shock level.

answer

61 and 66

question

A person tries to change the belief, opinion, or course of action of another person through

answer

persuasion.

question

_____ is the attitude about members of a particular social group and _____ is the behavior that can result from that attitude.

answer

Prejudice; discrimination

question

The formation of in-groups and out-groups

answer

begins in childhood.

question

The effect that people's awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior is

answer

stereotype vulnerability.

question

According to Sternberg, love consists of intimacy, passion, and

answer

commitment.

question

Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love says that companionate love consists of

answer

intimacy and commitment.

question

_______ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.

answer

Diffusion of responsibility

question

Studies have found that the _____ is particularly active when people have made a decision that reduces dissonance and then acted on that decision.

answer

left frontal cortex

question

If your roommate asks you for a ride to campus and you agree, and then the next day asks if he can borrow your car, it is an example of the

answer

foot-in-the-door technique.

question

Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. Cindy formed her attitude about peas through the process of

answer

direct contact.

question

Justin walks into the morning meeting 15 minutes late. His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Marco is using an example of

answer

situational cause.

question

Shawn and Tanya start talking after they've ridden on the dorm elevator several times together. This is an example of which rule of attraction?

answer

proximity

question

Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. Karen is engaging in

answer

aggression.

question

Jim jumped into the ocean to save a drowning man, risking his own life in the process. This is an example of

answer

altruism.

question

A police officer comes to Jane's office to discuss personal safety with the employees there. Despite the seriousness of his message, the police officer jokes and laughs with the employees. Jane nonetheless takes what she learned seriously and begins to pay more attention to her safety. Jane used ______ when receiving the officer's message.

answer

central-route processing

question

Jackie is assigned to a group project. It is in her best subject, and she finds the material easy. Jackie will probably experience

answer

social facilitation.

question

Carol is told by a police officer to move her car, and she does so. Carol is showing

answer

obedience.

question

Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. Karen is engaging in

answer

aggression.

question

Julie is a psychologist involved in figuring out how to get people to purchase a certain brand of computer. Julie is involved in

answer

consumer psychology.

question

When parents tell their children that smoking cigarettes is dangerous and unhealthy, and the children develop negative attitudes toward smoking, it is an example of

answer

direct instruction.

question

The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to _____.

answer

the presence of multiple witnesses

question

Groupthink can be minimized by

answer

voting by secret ballot

question

People who are in a good mood are less likely to help if

answer

helping will destroy their good mood.

question

Strategies for overcoming prejudice include

answer

education and equal status contact.

question

In one study, college students liked another student simply because they were told that the other student liked them. This is an example of which rule of attraction?

answer

reciprocity

question

When trying to persuade an audience, the message should

answer

present both sides of the argument.

question

The that's-not-all technique activates

answer

the norm of reciprocity.

question

In order to teach her second grade students about ______, teacher Jane Elliot created in-groups and out-groups based on the superficial characteristic of eye color.

answer

discrimination

question

The formation of in-groups and out-groups

answer

begins in childhood.

question

In Milgram's obedience experiment, no "teacher" stopped administering electric shock to the "learner" before

answer

300 volts.

question

Sherif's 1936 study of conformity involved

answer

asking participants to report the movement of a single point of light in a darkened room.

question

According to your textbook, the _____ theory explains prejudice and discrimination between the Nazi soldiers and Jewish people during WWII.

answer

realistic conflict

question

According to _________ theory, prejudice may result, at least in part, from the need to increase one's own self-esteem by looking down on others.

answer

social identity

question

One of the major problems associated with personality inventories is that they are

answer

dependent on the honesty of the person taking the test.

question

The advantage of personality inventories over projective tests is that inventories are

answer

standardized.

question

Sigmund Freud's ideas were probably shaped by the historical era in which he lived, a time known as the

answer

Victorian Age.

question

Freud believed the mind was divided into three parts: the ________, the ________, and the preconscious.

answer

unconscious; conscious

question

Turning socially unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behavior is known as

answer

sublimation.

question

According to Freud, the oral stage

answer

involves the conflict of weaning.

question

________ believed that there was not only a personal unconscious, but a collective unconscious as well.

answer

Jung

question

Which of the following perspectives on personality focuses on aspects that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice?

answer

humanistic

question

________ are more concerned with describing personality and predicting behavior than with the explanation of personality development

answer

Trait theorists

question

Jim and Jose were studying for their psychology test. Jim asked Jose to name a test developed by Cattell based on factor analysis to measure one's personality characteristics. Jose knew right away that Jim was talking about the

answer

Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire.

question

The assumption that the particular circumstance of any given situation will influence the way in which a trait is expressed is known as

answer

trait-situation interaction.

question

The tendency to form a favorable or unfavorable impression of someone at the first meeting that affects later interpretation of that person is

answer

the halo effect.

question

The ________ consists of 20 black and white pictures of people in ambiguous situations.

answer

Thematic Apperception Test

question

Tests in which people are asked to tell what they see in ambiguous visual stimuli are

answer

projective tests.

question

The ________ specifically tests for abnormal behavioral patterns in personality.

answer

MMPI-2

question

When members of a group devote their lives to obtaining physical pleasure and immediate satisfaction of their needs, according to Freud, this group is dominated by their

answer

id.

question

Freud believed that children adopt their parents' moral beliefs during the ________ stage of personality development.

answer

phallic

question

The Oedipus complex refers to

answer

a child developing a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and displaying jealousy of the same-sex parent.

question

According to Freud, children in the latency stage

answer

develop intellectually, physically, and socially.

question

The image of oneself, which is based on information from significant people in one's life, is that person's

answer

self-concept.

question

Surface traits

answer

are seen in the outward actions of a person.

question

With regard to the Big Five traits of personality, when someone is creative, artistic, non-conforming, and curious, he or she tends to score high on the ________ trait.

answer

openness

question

Joe complains that his coworker, George, is irritating because George never has a nice thing to say about anyone or anything. Joe believes George's problem is an enduring characteristic with which George was born. In other words, Joe dislikes George's

answer

temperament

question

Heidi is exploring her options and trying to decide where her best potential and abilities lie. She has a good idea of who she is and what she wants out of life. Carl Rogers would say that Heidi is a

answer

fully functioning person.

question

A music teacher wants to test her students on their piano skills. She then proceeds to administer a multiple choice test. This test lacks

answer

validity

question

Devon is taking a personality test that includes a long list of questions. For each question, Devon must choose from a limited set of answers. Devon is taking a

answer

personality inventory.

question

Shortly after her daughter is born, Anna's three-year-old son wants to start sleeping in the crib again. This is an example of

answer

regression.

question

Sophie has a chance to interview for a promotion at work. She is sure she will do poorly anyway, so she decides against it. Bandura would say that Sophie has

answer

low self-efficacy.

question

The office of one of your professors is extremely neat and tidy. All the books are carefully arranged on the shelves, and there are no papers lying about. Freud might suggest that this person has a(n)

answer

anal fixation.

question

One of the main proponents of the humanistic view was

answer

Carl Rogers.

question

According to Freud, the ________ mind is where we keep events, information, concerns, and thoughts of which we are not currently aware but can readily access.

answer

preconscious

question

The process girls experience, with their father as the object of their affections and their mother as the rival, is

answer

the Electra complex.

question

In Freud's theory, the id, the ego, and the superego

answer

are in constant conflict.

question

The five-factor model

answer

has implications for the diagnosis of personality disorders.

question

The ________ comes from those important, significant others in a person's life, most often the parents.

answer

ideal self

question

When an assessor literally counts the number of times a behavior is performed, it is called a

answer

frequency count.

question

_________ see personality as nothing more than a set of learned responses.

answer

Behaviorists

question

Some believe that humanistic theory is

answer

more of a philosophical view than a psychological explanation.

question

Trait theories differ from other theories of personality development in that they

answer

are less concerned with how personality develops than they are with describing personalities and the actions that result from them.

question

One of the major problems associated with personality inventories is that they are

answer

dependent on the honesty of the person taking the test.

question

A man with a paralyzing fear of heights has become unable to go upstairs or ride in an elevator. This is an example of

answer

subjective discomfort.

question

Matthew, a psychology major, is worried that he and his family have the mental disorders he is reading about. Matthew is experiencing

answer

psychology student's syndrome.

question

Maria is a college student and is generally anxious. She can not identify any one thing in particular that is bothersome but feels anxious most of the time. Maria is exhibiting

answer

free-floating anxiety.

question

Bill is extremely vain and winds up steering all conversations towards himself. When evaluating situations, he can only see how they affect him. Bill may have which type of personality disorder?

answer

narcissistic

question

In which Axis of the DSM-IV-TR are personality disorders diagnosed?

answer

Axis II

question

The study of abnormal behavior is called

answer

psychopathology.

question

_____ disorders involve a break in consciousness, memory, or a person's sense of identity.

answer

Dissociative

question

Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external causal factor is called

answer

major depression.

question

During the Middle Ages, mental disorders were thought to be caused by

answer

spirit possession.

question

The frequency of ______ personality disorder in women is nearly two to three times greater that in men, leading researchers to believe that hormonal influences, childhood experiences with incest or drug abuse, and a poor mother-infant relationship can cause the disorder.

answer

borderline

question

_______ is the most commonly diagnosed mood disorder.

answer

Major depression

question

An irrational and often persistent fear of an object, situation, or activity is called

answer

a phobia.

question

_____ is a mood disorder that is caused by the body's reaction to low levels of light present in the winter months.

answer

Seasonal affective disorder

question

The term ____ means that the person is unable to distinguish between reality and fantasy and has disturbances in thinking, emotions, and behavior.

answer

psychotic

question

Anorexia nervosa is a condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that a weight loss of _____ percent below expected body weight occurs.

answer

15

question

There are ___ different categories of recognized types of personality disorders in the DSM-IV-TR.

answer

three

question

The term that refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which the person with the disorder was nurtured in order to correctly diagnose and treat the disorder is

answer

cultural relativity.

question

A person who finds it difficult to function on a day-to-day basis may be displaying ______ behaviors.

answer

maladaptive

question

The ____ model explains disordered behavior as the result of repressing one's threatening thoughts, memories, and concerns in the unconscious mind.

answer

psychodynamic

question

In the ______ model, abnormal behavior is seen as the result of the combined and interacting forces of biological, psychological, social, and cultural influences.

answer

biopsychosocial

question

This is apparent when there is a sudden onset of intense panic in which there can be multiple physical symptoms of stress occurring.

answer

a panic attack

question

_______ is when a person believes that his or her behavior must be perfect or the result will be a total failure.

answer

All-or-nothing

question

The dissociative disorder that occurs when a person travels away from home and then cannot remember the trip or personal information such as identity is

answer

dissociative fugue.

question

The ______ theory explains dissociative disorders as the result of "thought avoidance" to avoid or decrease the pain of guilt, shame, or anxiety produced from disturbing thoughts and experiences.

answer

cognitive/behavioral

question

The DSM-IV-TR contains all of the following EXCEPT

answer

a description of how to perform such procedures as trepanning to treat the disorders.

question

Bulimia nervosa is a condition in which a person develops a cycle of binging on enormous amounts of food and then using inappropriate methods to avoid weight gain. What causes a person to binge when he or she is so worried about weight gain?

answer

prompts such as an anxious or depressed mood, social stressors, or intense hunger after extreme diet attempts

question

An individual who uses _____ takes one negative event and interprets it as a never-ending pattern of defeat.

answer

overgeneralization

question

Behavioral theorists link depression to

answer

learned helplessness.

question

A woman who cuts herself to relieve anxiety would be suffering from

answer

maladaptive behavior.

question

_______ psychologists see anxiety disorders as a result of illogical, irrational thought processes.

answer

Cognitive

question

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are ailments most often found in Western society, and are therefore called

answer

culture-bound syndromes.

question

Of the delusions, a delusion of reference best characterizes disordered thinking when an individual with schizophrenia believes

answer

other people, television characters, and books are speaking directly to them.

question

The disorder in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions is a(n) ______ disorder.

answer

personality

question

The term dementia praecox once referred to the disorder now known as

answer

schizophrenia.

question

Personality disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder, would be found on which axis of the DSM-IV-TR?

answer

Axis II

question

The frequency of ______ personality disorder is nearly two to three times greater in women than in men.

answer

borderline

question

The number-one diagnosed mental disorder in the United States is

answer

depression.

question

According to the DSM-IV-TR, diagnosis of a patient thought to have a mental disorder requires looking at

answer

five separate axes.

question

A woman who had been raped cannot recall the experience itself and also cannot recall anything that happened in the two weeks following the event. She remembers everything leading up to the event. The woman is suffering from

answer

dissociative amnesia.

question

Lois seems to have it all. She has a stable job that pays well with great benefits, she is well-liked and receives promotions, and her company is going strong. She also has a stable family life and is in great physical health. She cannot identify any one thing she is worried about yet she cannot sleep at night because she feels extremely anxious. Lois is suffering from

answer

free-floating anxiety.

question

Scott experiences vast mood swings ranging from depression on one end of the spectrum to episodes when he feels euphoric and has so much energy that he can't sleep. Scott is suffering from

answer

bipolar disorder.

question

The first organized effort to do something with mentally ill persons began in

answer

London.

question

Phillipe Pinel is known for

answer

personally unchaining the inmates at an asylum in Paris.

question

Who founded Gestalt therapy?

answer

Fritz Perls

question

Individuals who suffer from severe mental illness along with psychosis are generally not good candidates for ______ treatment.

answer

psychodynamic

question

Who questioned whether psychotherapy really works?

answer

Hans Eysenck

question

Therapies that directly affect the biological functioning of the body and brain are known as

answer

biomedical therapies.

question

Using medical methods to treat psychological disorders is a form of

answer

biomedical therapy.

question

In person-centered therapy, most of the work is done by

answer

the client or patient.

question

A therapy technique in which the therapist restates what the client says rather than interpreting the statements is

answer

reflection.

question

The process in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is

answer

aversion therapy.

question

The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders is called

answer

psychopharmacology.

question

A therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral is ______ therapy.

answer

nondirective

question

Distortions of thinking in which a person blows a negative event out of proportion to its importance while ignoring relevant positive events is called

answer

magnification and minimization.

question

The main goal of _____ therapy is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly.

answer

action

question

An insight therapy that emphasizes revealing unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires which may be causing mental disorders is

answer

psychoanalysis.

question

______ is a technique in which the patient is encouraged to talk about anything that comes to mind without fear of negative evaluations.

answer

Free association

question

When the therapist becomes a symbol of a parental authority figure from the past, the patient is experiencing

answer

transference.

question

_______ therapies are action based rather than insight based.

answer

Behavior

question

Rather than focusing on the behavior itself, _______ therapies focus on the distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs that lead to maladaptive behavior.

answer

cognitive

question

_______ seem(s) to work better in group settings than psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral therapies.

answer

Behavior therapies

question

In behavior therapy, the reduction of the undesired behavior is

answer

easy to measure, but gaining insights, feelings of control, and self-worth are not easily evaluated.

question

Anthony has difficulty playing with other children. He often gets angry and stomps off when things don't go his way. To help him learn to deal with his anger, his parents engage him in a game of Candy Land. They respond the way they would like to see Anthony respond when he loses a turn or is forced to move backward on the board. Anthony's parents are using a behavior modification technique called

answer

modeling.

question

Joy earns a gumball sticker for every chore she completes. She puts the stickers on her gumball chart. When the gumball chart is filled, Joy gets to choose a prize out of the prize box. Joy's parents are using

answer

a token economy.

question

Joshua's sister had a bad day at school. As a result, she doesn't want to play with him. Joshua assumes she is angry with him. Joshua is experiencing

answer

personalization.

question

Unlike psychodynamic and humanistic therapies, behavior therapies are

answer

action based, rather than insight based.

question

Generally speaking, the longer the person stays in therapy, the greater the

answer

improvement.

question

You might consider joining a self-help group if you

answer

were comfortable speaking in front of others and had a problem with overeating.

question

According to humanistic therapists, the ideal self and the real self should match as closely as possible. This is achieved through

answer

unconditional positive regard.

question

______ can be useful to treat disorders such as phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety disorders by pairing a stimulus that normally causes an unwanted response with a neutral one, eventually creating desirable involuntary reactions.

answer

Classical conditioning

question

Freud wanted his patients to lie on a couch

answer

so that he could sit behind them and take notes without them seeing his reactions.

question

Cognitive therapists focus on

answer

helping people change their way of thinking.

question

Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy?

answer

The opportunity for the therapist and the client to observe how the client interacts with others.

question

Dr. Stevens is treating a client with depression. During their sessions together, Dr. Stevens focuses on the client's relationships with friends, family, and coworkers, as well as how the everyday events of the client's life affect his mood. Dr. Stevens is using ______ to treat his client.

answer

interpersonal psychotherapy

question

While treating a child with a fear of swimming, the therapist first approaches the water, then touches the water, then stands in the water waist-deep, and finally floats in the water. The therapist then repeats the steps with the child. This is an example of

answer

participant modeling.

question

Carter has bitten his fingernails to the point where his finger tips are constantly red and swollen. After meeting with a therapist, Carter's parents have started putting a foul-tasting liquid on his fingernails several times a day. Carter's therapist is using

answer

aversion therapy.

question

_______ is an insight therapy that emphasizes revealing the unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires that are assumed to cause disordered emotions and behavior.

answer

Psychodynamic therapy

question

An estimated _______ of people feel that psychotherapy has helped them.

answer

75-90 percent

question

Dr. Karev decides to treat his patient with bipolar disorder by prescribing antimanic drugs in addition to his other therapy approaches. Dr. Karev is using _____ to treat his patient.

answer

psychopharmacology

question

The symbolic or hidden meaning of a dream is its

answer

latent content.

question

The first efforts to treat the mentally ill with kindness and guidance are called

answer

moral treatment.

question

In ______, no one person is seen as the problem.

answer

family therapy

Psychology Chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, & 15 – Flashcards

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