Psychology Chapter 5 Learning – Flashcards

In classical conditioning, one must pair the ___ before conditioning can occur.

AT the age of two, Anthony was bitten by a neighborhood dog. Since then he has not been able to bring himself to even be near any dogs in the neighborhood. Lately he has been going to a behavioral therapist for help. The therapist is most likely to apply the procedures of:

A student is attempting to train a dog to salivate to a tine. The student's procedure on each of 100 trials is to present food powder, then to present a brief tone presented alone. The major problem with this procedure is that:

"Every morning, a train goes by my house at 6:30 when I am just sitting down to breakfast. Lately, however, the train has been coming by at 4:30 and I am having a terrible time getting back to sleep because I'm so hungry." In this example of classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is _____ and the conditioned response is ______.

You feel nauseated when you read about sea scallops on a restaurant menu, because you once had a bad episode with some scallops that made you sick. This is an example of:

According to the Law of Effect, a behavior is most likely to be "stamped in" when it is:

The technique used to produce new behavior by reinforcing successive approximations of a final operant behavior is::

Positive reinforcement _____ the likelihood that the behavior preceding it will happen again; negative reinforcement ____ the likelihood that the preceding behavior will happen again.

Even in relatively normal settings outside their home, children raised in an abusive family, where punishment is unrelated to behavior, often appear listless, passive, and indifferent. They make little attempt either to seek rewards or to avoid discomfort. This is an example of:

A therapist uses operant conditioning to control a client's heart rate. This is an example of

On the first day of class, your instructor tells you that there will be unscheduled quizzes on average about every 2 weeks throughout the term, but not exactly every 2 week. This is an example of a ____ reinforcement schedule.

When the US is no longer paired with the CS or when reinforcement is no longer presented following a learned response, a process called ____ occurs

A person is conditioned to fear white rats. Soon after, she also begins to fear white cats, white dogs, and white rabbits. Her new, unconditioned fears result from:

A small boy has just recently delighted his parents because he learned to call his father "daddy." However, this has now become something of an embarrassment to his parents when they take him out and he keeps calling all other men "daddy." This is an example of:

Some reinforcers have no intrinsic value. Rather, they acquire value only through association with primary reinforcers. They are known as:

In a famous experiment, Tolman demonstrated that rats the were allowed to wander around in a maze without being reinforced nonetheless learned a great deal about the maze. This is an example of:

An ape quietly examines a problem and the tools available for solving it. Suddenly the animal leaps up and quickly executes a successful solution. This is an example of:

In the middle of a winter night, four year old Adrian Cole put on his jacket and boots and drove his mother's car to a nearby video store. When the police asked him how he learned to drive, he explained that his mother would put him on her lap while she drove and he just watched what she did. A psychologist would describe this as an example of:

We can learn without any change in overt behavior that demonstrates our learning. This distinction between learning and performance is crucial to:

Some female dolphins in Australia cover their sensitive beaks with sponges when foraging for food on the sea floor, a skill they apparently learn by imitating their mothers. This is an example of ____ in non-humans.

If a stimulus is presented and does not elicit any response in an animal, it can be used in a conditioning experiment as:

Many children learn to fear lighting because it is often paired with loud thunder (which, like most sudden, loud sounds is naturally frightening). In this case lightning is the _____, and fear is the ____.

Gloria, the star in the school play, must cry when her "father" tells her to leave home. During rehearsal, Gloria holds an onion near her eyes when her "father" tells her to leave. The onion serves as the _____, while being told to "leave home" is the _____.

Paul is coming down with the flu, eats spaghetti, and subsequently becomes violently ill. A month later he sees that spaghetti is being served in the dining hall and is overcome by nausea. What type of leaning is illustrated by this episode?

Desensitization therapy is most closely related to:

Classical conditioning is to ___ as operant conditioning is to _____.

A conditioned stimulus is presented alone so often that the learner stops making the conditioned response. This is an example of:

A young girl is just beginning to dress herself. At first, the parents call her a "big girl: just for putting on her shirt "frontwards," even if it is not buttoned Then they cll her a "big girl" only if she tries to button her shirt, even if the buttons are in the wrong holes. Finally, they call her a "big girl" only if she buttons her shirt correctly. They are using ____ to change her behavior.

Slot machines are designed to operate on which of the following reinforcement schedules?

A class decides to try to condition the behavior its psychology professor say "I," the class waits five minutes and then the next time the professor say "I," they reinforce her by smiling, looking particularly attentive, and so forth. By the en of the semester, the professor is using "I" much more frequently than the professor did at the beginning. Which of the following schedules of reinforcement was the class using?

Bob is an assembly line worker and knows his supervisor always checks his work at 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m. Consequently, he only works from 9:30 to 10:00 a.m. and from 1:30 to 2:00 p.m. He is on what kind of reinforcement schedule?

A fourth-grade teacher realized that one of his students was misbehaving in order to receive attention. The teacher decided to ignore all instances of the misbehavior. The teacher is using:

A child is scolded for using her fingers instead of her fork to eat some spaghetti. The scolding stops when she picks up her fork, and as a result she is more likely in the future to use her fork rather than her fingers Her learning to use the fork rather than her fingers is the result of ______ reinforcement

The distinction between _____, on the one hand, and _____ on the other hand is of central importance to social learning theorists.

Which of the following would be most appropriate for the use of biofeedback procedures?