Psychology Chapter 10- Motivation and Emotion – Flashcards
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Motivation
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A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
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Instinct
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A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and its unlearned.
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Drive-Reduction Theory
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The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivated an organism to satisfy the need.
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Homeostasis
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A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
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Incentive
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A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
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Yerkes-Didson Law
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The principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.
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Hierarchy of Needs
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Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
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Insulin
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Hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose
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Ghrelin
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Hormone secreted by empty stomach; sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain
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PYY
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Digestive tract hormone, sends "I'm not hungry" signals to the brain
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Glucose
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The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low we feel hungry.
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Set Point
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The point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight.
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Basal Metabolic Rate
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The body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
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Acquired Taste
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People everywhere learn to enjoy the fatty, bitter, or spicy foods common in their culture.
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Prevent Unwanted Weight Gain
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Proper sleep, regular exercise, and joining a support group.
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Need to Belong
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The need to affiliate with others, even to become strongly attached to certain others in enduring, close relationships.
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Achievement Motivation
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A desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for rapidly attaining a high standard.
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Self-Disclosure
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Sharing with someone information which helps him or her understand you.
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Social networking tends to _______ (strengthen/weaken) your relationships with people you already know, _______ (increase/decrease) your self-disclosure, and _______ (reveal/hide) your true personality.
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Strengthen; increase; reveal
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Emotion
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A response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience.
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James-Lange Theory
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The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.
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Cannon-Bard Theory
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The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.
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Two-factor Theory
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The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.
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Polygraph
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It doesn't actually detect lies, instead, they measure emotion linked changes in breathing, cardiovascular activity, and perspiration.
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________ (Women/Men) report experiencing emotions more deeply, and they tend to be more adept at reading nonverbal behavior.
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Women
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Facial Feedback
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The tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings, such as fear, anger, or happiness.
