psychology chap 1 – Flashcards
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scientific study of behavior and mental process
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psychology is defined as the: intuition-based approach to study human behavior speculative method to find answers about human cognition study of mental disorders and their treatment scientific study of behavior and mental process
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behavior and mental processes
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Akira has declared psychology as his major. He will be studying internal medicine behavior and mental process mental disorders and their diagnosis and treatment the disorders of the central nervous system
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psychologist disagree on how broad psychology should really be
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A single-sentence definition of psychology may be misleading because: it is very difficult to study the mind and behavior scientifically psychology is a narrower, more specific field than a general definition might suggest psychologist disagree on how broad psychology should really be the discipline of psychology really has no core or center
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rely on the scientific method
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In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists: rely on the scientific method use their intuition rely on the study of internal medicine use speculation
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they ultimately share a common goal
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in what way are the diverse sub-fields of psychology related they allow psychologists to explain different types of behavior in the same way they ultimately share a common goal they always lead to an M.D. degree they are not related at all, other than being considered part of psychology
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cognitive psychology is part of experimental psychology
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how are cognitive and experimental psychology related? they are the same they are two completely distinct subfields of psychology cognitive psychology is part of experimental psychology experimental psychology is part of cognitive psychology
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cognitive
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__________ psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language developmental personality clinical cognitive
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studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death
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developmental psychology is focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustments problems studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
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focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems
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personality psychology is: focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustments problems studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders
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colleges
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counseling psychologists are more likely than clinical psychologists to practice in: hospitals laboratories offices colleges
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social
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Dr. Growe is reading about a research in which psychologists investigated the effect of group size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading the Journal of _______________ psychology developmental social counseling evolutionary
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is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others
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Social psychology is: focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustments problems deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others
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social
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____________ psychologists concentrate on diverse topics such as human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity counseling social evolutionary clinical
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the focuse on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors
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Clinical neuropsychology is: focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustments problems considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioral traits focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors
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300,000
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approximately how many psychologists are there in the US? 50,000 100,000 300,00 600,000
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three-fourth
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currently, women earn _________ of new psychology doctorate degrees in the US one-tenth half three-fourth ninety percent
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6%
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Which figure best approximates percentage of American psychologists who belong to racial minority groups 6% 15% 25% 32%
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join the workforce
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Kristen is a psychology major. Immediately following graduation, she will most likely join the work force feel that her job is unrelated to her psychology background continue to graduate school remain unemployed
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think critically
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psychology majors are highly valued by employers because they can strategize effectively think critically help others work with their personal problems communicate effectively with their co-workers
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social services
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the most common emolument sector for students graduating with a bachelor's degree in psychology is: education business local government social services
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Wundt
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the formal beginning of psychology is associated with: Wundt James Descartes Ebbinghaus
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blank slate
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the phrase tabula rasa may be translated as: red tablet raised tablet new tablet blank slate
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structuralism
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Gestalt psychology may be seen as a reaction to the psychodynamic perspective humanism funcionalism structuralism
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Gestalt psychology
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which approaches to psychology might have been most likely to remind the audience that "the whole is different than the sum of the parts" phernology functionalism structuralism Gestalt psychology
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perception
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the Gestalt psychologists made substantial contribution to our understanding of: memory perception emotion motivation
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neuroscience
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the approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and the other biological functions is known as the _______________ perspective psychodynamic nature-nurture cognitive neuroscience
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considers how people and nonhumans function biologically
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The neuroscience perspective suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world considers how people and nonhumans function biologically argues that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control
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Skinner
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which psychologist is associated with the behavioral perspective? Rogers Skinner Maslow Hollingworth
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cognitive
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the computer metaphor is at the heart of the __________ perspective cognitive neuroscience behavioral humanistic
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free will
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the emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on free will envirmental determinism natural selection unconscious motives
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determinism
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free will stands in contrast to: naturism unconscious motives determinism natural selection
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humanistic
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Dr. Petrovic tries to help his client see how their behavior reflects choices they have made. He is most likely a _______________ therapist psychodynamic clinical neuroscience humanistic gestalt
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identifying questions of interest
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What is the first step in the scientific method? formulating an explanation identifying questions on interest communicating the findings carrying out research designed to support or refute the explaination
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communicating the findings
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what is the final step in the scientific method? formulating an explanation identifying questions on interest communicating the findings carrying out research designed to support or refute the explaination
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theories
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_________________ are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest. theories hypotheses operational definitions suppositions
