Psychology Ch 7 – Flashcards

In Kosslyn’s “imaginary island” study, researchers found that it does take longer to view a mental image that __________.
Select one:
a. is larger or covers more distance than one that is smaller and more compact
b. has more items in it
c. has more colors in it
d. contains living things as compared to nonliving items

PET scans have demonstrated that when you are creating a visual image __________.
Select one:
a. the image is generated by the retinal ganglion cells and sent to the cortex
b. the image is generated by the thalamus and sent to the brain
c. the areas associated with stored knowledge send information to the visual cortex
d. there is no locus in the brain that can be determined for the generation of visual images

Kosslyn asked subjects if frogs have lips and a stubby tail. What did the subjects report?
Select one:
a. They visualized a frog, starting with the face (“no lips”) and mentally rotated the image to look for the stubby tail.
b. They visualized a frog, starting with the face (“no lips”), had it disappear, and then visualized a completely new frog for a second time with its backside to them.
c. They knew the answer but did not have to generate an image.
d. They felt that that task was impossible to accomplish.

Concepts are ideas that represent __________.
Select one:
a. a class or category of objects, events, or activities
b. patterns of behavior
c. higher-order conditioning and secondary reinforcers
d. none of these

Don tells Ray he wants to get a new sports car. Ray immediately understands why, because he is familiar with the common characteristics of sports cars and knows what makes them different from family cars. Ray is using mental categories called __________.
Select one:
a. classes
b. concepts
c. attributes
d. classifications

A male has a thin, frail-looking area on his X chromosome of the 23rd pair. As children, people with this syndrome are typically mildly developmentally delayed but shift to severe or profound developmental delay as adults. This is known as __________.
Select one:
a. fragile X syndrome
b. Down syndrome
c. fetal alcohol syndrome
d. familial retardation

All parents think their little kids are geniuses. However, to be classified as a genius, the IQ score must be above __________.
Select one:
a. 120
b. 130
c. 140
d. 150

Which of the following statements about gifted people is true?
Select one:
a. They are more likely to suffer from mental illnesses.
b. They are physically weaker than non-gifted persons.
c. They are often skilled leaders.
d. They are socially unskilled.

The term Terman’s Termites refers to __________ .
Select one:
a. a set of developmentally delayed students that Terman studied intensively
b. a group of Army soldiers who on the basis of their IQ were followed through their military career
c. a sample of gifted children who were studied and followed into adulthood
d. none of these

What did Terman’s groundbreaking study of gifted children accomplish?
Select one:
a. It put to rest the myths that existed about genius in the early part of the twentieth century.
b. It proved that gifted children and adults are more prone to mental illnesses or odd behavior than other groups.
c. It demonstrated that they also have more than their share of failures.
d. It demonstrated genius is the only factor that influences real success in life.

Having a high IQ doesn’t always guarantee success. Terman and Oden examined the most and least successful men in their sample of gifted individuals. The most successful were __________.
Select one:
a. more goal oriented and persistent
b. introverted
c. less interested in social relationships
d. none of these

One might criticize the study of Terman’s termites because it __________.
Select one:
a. might have been biased by the principal’s recommendations in the selection of the gifted children
b. did not include students from diverse ethnic and racial backgrounds
c. Terman may have actively intervened in the lives of his subjects
d. All of these are reasonable criticisms of the study.

A group of psychologists reviews the literature on the heritability of intelligence. They conclude that most of the estimates indicate that __________ percent of intelligence is due to genetics.
Select one:
a. 20
b. 30
c. 50
d. 80

Which of the following reduces the value of twin studies as evidence for the role of heredity in determining IQ?
Select one:
a. Children tend to be adopted by people who are fairly similar to their natural parents.
b. There have been so many studies of pairs of identical twins who were separated at birth that the results are unclear.
c. Identical twins do not share the same prenatal environment.
d. Identical twins who were not reared together usually have very different IQ scores.

A system for combining symbols so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made is called __________.
Select one:
a. pragmatics
b. language
c. semantics
d. grammar

According to famed linguist Noam Chomsky, humans have an innate ability to understand and produce language through a device he called
Select one:
a. Syntax synthesizer (SS)
b. Grammar grabber (GG)
c. Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
d. Language Learning System (LLS)

The system of rules for combining words and phrases to make meaningful sentences is called __________.
Select one:
a. morphology
b. phonics
c. syntax
d. morphology

The sentences “The dog bit the boy” and “The boy was bit by the dog” have the same meaning, but differ in __________.
Select one:
a. syntax
b. pragmatics
c. semantics
d. morphology

he basic meaningful units of any language are called __________.
Select one:
a. phonemes
b. morphemes
c. semantics
d. sound bytes

The phrase “I tried” has __________.
Select one:
a. one morpheme
b. two morphemes
c. three morphemes
d. four morphemes

Which of the following statements is true about infants?
Select one:
a. They are not born with the ability to recognize all phonemes.
b. By the time they are 2 months old, they can recognize only the phonemes in the language they are being brought up in.
c. By the time they are 9 months old, they can recognize only the phonemes in the language they are being brought up in.
d. By the time they are 12 months old, they can recognize only the phonemes in the language they are being brought up in.

Which of the following is NOT an animal that has been taught to produce behavior that some think is language like?
Select one:
a. chimpanzee
b. parrot
c. armadillos
d. dolphin

Dolphins, according to TV and movies, are very intelligent and have strong language abilities. They might even be able to talk! However, which statement is true from the research?
Select one:
a. Dolphins have been shown to be able to master syntax.
b. Dolphins have the language abilities of a 3-year-old child.
c. Dolphin communication with parrots has been firmly established.
d. none of these

The trial-and-error method of solving problems is also known as __________.
Select one:
a. the use of a heuristic device
b. the use of algorithms
c. the mechanical solution
d. the A.I. solution

Regular aerobic exercise has been found to increase neurogenesis in:
Select one:
a. the amygdala
b. the cerebellum
c. the prefrontal cortex
d. the hippocampus

Frank mistakenly believes that there are more words that begin with the letter “k” than there are with the letter “k” in the third position due to the __________.
Select one:
a. representativeness heuristic
b. availability heuristic
c. planning fallacy
d. confirmation bias

A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however, he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it. When he notices the visor drop again, he reaches into his pocket for a dime he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor. What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?
Select one:
a. relative comparison
b. functional fixedness
c. poor problem representation
d. the representative heuristic

Riley has figured out how to unlock his bedroom door with a paper clip. What has he most likely overcome in his new use of the paper clip?
Select one:
a. functional fixedness
b. the representational problem
c. the representative heuristic
d. the confirmation bias

The tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called __________.
Select one:
a. mental set
b. means-end analysis
c. noncompensatory modeling
d. prototypical idealization

Agatha Harkness-Smythe is determined to ban guns in the United States. This is a controversial topic and social scientists have debated whether the ownership of guns by citizens increases or decreases crime. Agatha could go to the library and look up studies on the linkage between guns and crime rates. Instead, Agatha just reads the local newspaper and only cuts out articles about robberies in which the “bad guy” used a firearm. Agatha is demonstrating __________.
Select one:
a. mental set
b. confirmation bias
c. stereotype threat
d. mindlessness

__________ thinking works pretty well for routine problem solving but may be of little use when a more creative solution is needed.
Select one:
a. Heuristic
b. Divergent
c. Insightful
d. Convergent

What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?
Select one:
a. decisive
b. convergent
c. heuristic
d. divergent

Which of the following questions would be more likely to produce divergent thinking?
Select one:
a. “What is a stapler?”
b. “How do you spell stapler?”
c. “How many uses can you think of for a stapler?”
d. “What does a stapler look like?”

Which is NOT a characteristic of creative people?
Select one:
a. They usually have a broad range of knowledge about a lot of subjects and are good at using mental imagery.
b. They are often conventional in their personal lifestyles and take few social risks.
c. They aren’t afraid to be different, are more open to new experiences than many people, and tend to have more vivid dreams and daydreams than others do.
d. They value their independence.

Gardner and his associates are known for proposing __________.
Select one:
a. the generalized theory of intelligence
b. the Triarchic theory of intelligence
c. the theory of multiple intelligences
d. the theory of emotional intelligence

Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences divides intelligence into __________ independent abilities.
Select one:
a. three
b. five
c. seven
d. nine

Criticisms of Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences include __________.
Select one:
a. the fact that it relies too heavily on g
b. there are no concerns
c. it appears to describe only those with brain damage
d. concerns over measuring and whether these intelligences only refer to talents
and skills.

What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg’s Triarchic theory of intelligence?
Select one:
a. global, intuitive, and special
b. general, global, and specific
c. analytical, creative, and practical
d. mathematical, reasoning, and verbal

According to Robert Sternberg, __________ refers to the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving. This is the type of intelligence that is measured by intelligence tests and academic achievement tests.
Select one:
a. analytical intelligence
b. creative intelligence
c. practical intelligence
d. none of these

An example of Sternberg’s practical intelligence is __________.
Select one:
a. academic achievement only
b. knowing when to plant corn
c. having interpersonal and emotional skills
d. learning how to write clearly

Shalissa is described as being tactful and able to manipulate situations to her advantage. She is probably high in __________.
Select one:
a. analytical intelligence
b. creative intelligence
c. practical intelligence
d. none of these

People began measuring intelligence through tests roughly __________ years ago.
Select one:
a. 50
b. 100
c. 200
d. 500

Alfred Binet designed the first __________ test.
Select one:
a. aptitude
b. performance-based
c. perception
d. intelligence

An 8-year-old child who scored like an average 10-year-old on an intelligence test would have a mental age of __________ and an IQ of __________.
Select one:
a. 8; 80
b. 8; 125
c. 10; 100
d. 10; 125

To which of the following groups of people is the Stanford-Binet LEAST suited?
Select one:
a. children
b. adolescents
c. young adults
d. older adults

On a newly developed IQ test, an individual scores at the 110 level on the first half of the test, and 150 on the second half of the test. What does this test appear to lack?
Select one:
a. reliability
b. standardization
c. predictive validity
d. appropriate norms

Culture-fair tests attempt to measure __________.
Select one:
a. the intelligence of people coming from outside the culture in which the test was devised
b. the intelligence of people coming from inside the culture in which the test was devised
c. cultural background
d. the effects of culture on people’s intellectual and creative skills

Which of the following is a desirable characteristic of culture-fair tests?
Select one:
a. They should minimize or eliminate the use of language.
b. They should not attempt to measure intelligence.
c. They should be composed of items that vary from culture to culture.
d. They should measure values based on a person’s cultural background.

When soldiers in the military sustain head injuries, there is a __________% likelihood that these injuries would be categorized as moderate to severe.
Select one:
a. 15%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 85%

Which classification of developmental delay affects most of the population classified in this fashion?
Select one:
a. mild
b. moderate
c. severe
d. profound