question

The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to

answer

the perceived presence of multiple witnesses

question

Research on conformity suggests that if a _____ response is required, _____ show more conformity than _____.

answer

public; women; men

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The war in Iraq, the design of the ship Titanic, and the Challenger disaster are all given in the textbook as examples of

answer

groupthink

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Attitudes

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are learned through experience and contact with others

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People can reduce cognitive dissonance by

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forming new cognitions to justify their behavior

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Scapegoats are

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typically members of the out-group

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Strategies for overcoming prejudice include

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intergroup and equal status contact.

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The sadistic behavior of the "guards" in Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study

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highlighted the influence that a social role can have on ordinary people

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If your roommate asks you for a ride to campus and you agree, and then the next day asks if he can borrow your car, it is an example of the

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foot-in-the-door technique

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Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. Cindy formed her attitude about peas through the process of

answer

direct contact

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Justin walks into the morning meeting 15 minutes late. His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Marco is using an example of

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situational cause

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Shawn and Tanya start talking after they've ridden on the dorm elevator several times together. This is an example of which rule of attraction?

answer

proximity

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Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. Karen is engaging in

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agression

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Jim jumped into the ocean to save a drowning man, risking his own life in the process. This is an example of

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altruism

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In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to

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give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task.

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A person demanding _____ has power or authority to command a behavioral change, rather than just ask for change.

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obedience

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In the Milgram study and several similar studies, Between _____ percent of the participants went all the way up to 450-volt shock level.

answer

61 and 66

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A person tries to change the belief, opinion, or course of action of another person through

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persuasion

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_____ is the attitude about members of a particular social group and _____ is the behavior that can result from that attitude.

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prejudice; discrimination

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The formation of in-groups and out-groups

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beings in childhood

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The effect that people's awareness of the stereotypes associated with their social group has on their behavior is

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stereotype vulnerability

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According to Sternberg, love consist of intimacy, passion, and

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commitment

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Sternbeg's Triangular Theory of Love says that companionate love consist of

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intimacy and commitment

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_____ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions of for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility

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Diffusion of responsibility

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The "learner" in Milgram's study

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was an actor following a carefully arranged script

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Some research suggests that ______ is one of the main factors that influence people's choices for selecting people they want to know better.

answer

physical attractiveness

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Which of the following statements best describes attitudes?

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attitudes are learned through experiences as we live and work

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Jackie is assigned to a group project. It is in her best subject, and she finds the material easy. Jackie will probably experience

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social facilitation

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Julie is a psychologist involved in figuring out how to get people to purchase a certain brand of computer. Julie is involved in

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consumer psychology

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When parents tell their children that smoking cigarettes is dangerous and unhealthy, and the children develop negative attitudes toward smoking, it is an example of

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direct instruction

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In Milgram's study, as the teachers became reluctant to continue, the experimenter:

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told them they had to continue

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Studies have found that in civil suits, if individual members of the jury favor stiff penalties, the deliberation process will result in even higher penalties. This illustrates:

answer

group polarization

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The Challenger disaster is a classic example of groupthink because

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some people knew the shuttle was not OK to launch but did not speak up and therefore disrupt group cohesion.

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In order to teach her second grade students about ______, teacher Jane Elliot created in-groups and out-groups based on the superficial characteristic of eye color.

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discrimination

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According to the ________, people either expand on what they hear or they pay attention to surface characteristics of persuasive messages

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elaboration likelihood model

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In one study, college students liked another student simply because they were told that the other student liked them. This is an example of which rule of attraction?

answer

reciprocity

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In Sternberg's theory, ______ encompasses the physical aspects of lobe.

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passion

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_______ love, based on many years of shared responsibilities and experiences, is what binds many marriages together.

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companionate

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In the Latane and Darley smoke-filled room study, participants were most likely to report the smoke when

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they were the only ones in the room

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Once someone has taken responsibility to help, the next step in the decision-making process is

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planning a course of action

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The presence of others heavily influences helping behavior when a situation is:

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ambiguous

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The fundamental attribution error is less likely:

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in collectivist cultures

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The door-in-the-face technique involves:

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asking for a large commitment and then, after being refused, asking for a smaller commitment

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Sheri's coworker, Stephanie, is very afraid of spiders and screams every time she sees one in the warehouse. After a few weeks of working closely with Stephanie in the warehouse, Sheri is afraid of spiders, too. This is an example of:

answer

vicarious conditioning

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According to your textbook, the _____ theory explains prejudice and discrimination between the Nazi soldiers and Jewish people during WWII

answer

realistic conflict

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In explaining our own behavior, we tend to use situational rather than personal attributions. Such a phenomenon is known as

answer

The fundamental attribution error

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Harry's friend Logan studies a lot, so Harry assumes that Logan is smart. Harry's belief is based on

answer

Implicit Personality Theory

question

A police officer comes to Jane's office to discuss personal safety with the employees there. Despite the seriousness of his message, the police officer jokes and laughs with the employees. Jane nonetheless takes what she learned seriously and begins to pay more attention to her safety. Jane used ______ when receiving the officer's message

answer

central-route processing

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