question

_______ development is the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur from conception through death.

answer

lifespan

question

The psychodynamic perspective is closely associated with __________.

answer

Sigmund Frued

question

In its study of growth, change, and stability, lifespan development takes a(n) ______ approach.

answer

scientific

question

Three assumptions made by lifespan developmentalists are: (1) a focus on human development, (2) an understanding of stability in addition to growth and change, and (3) ______________________________.

answer

the perception that development persists throughout our entire lives.

question

Approximately how many babies have been born through in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

answer

Millions

question

If the focus of a research study is to examine the ways in which college professors can help students remember information more easily, such a study would represent __________ research.

answer

applied

question

A professor wants to examine the effectiveness of a new teaching approach. She has a theory about how this new approach will work, and will use a methodical approach to test her theory. Her 9:00 a.m. class will be exposed to the new method of viewing teaching tapes while her 10:00 a.m. class will be exposed to traditional lectures. She will assess the students' progress after six sessions. What method is the professor using to conduct her experiment?

answer

scientific

question

The device that uses electrodes placed on the outside of the skull to record electrical activity within the brain, and is used in psychophysiological research, is called a(n) __________.

answer

EEG

question

A __________ is a prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested.

answer

Hypothesis

question

The time when children utter their first complete sentence is an example of _____________________.

answer

an age-graded influence

question

What is the profession that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders?

answer

genetic counseling

question

In the last few decades, more mothers have chosen to use a(n) __________ as the childbirth attendant who stays with them throughout labor and delivery.

answer

midwife

question

Genes are arranged in specific locations and in a specific order along __________ chromosomes.

answer

46

question

All genes are composed of specific sequences of __________ molecules.

answer

DNA

question

All of the following may cause preterm births EXCEPT __________.

answer

a mother working during pregnancy

question

Neonates are born with a variety of reflexes including all but which of the following?

answer

elimination

question

Newborns are born with innate sensory abilities that they do not have to learn; however, one way they learn about their environment is via the __________ method first identified by Pavlov.

answer

classical conditioning

question

During the 1970s and 1980s, psychologists and physicians argued that __________ was a crucial ingredient for forming a lasting relationship between parent and child.

answer

bonding

question

A baby is considered a small-for-gestational-age infant if __________.

answer

because of delayed fetal growth the baby weighs 90 percent (or less) of the average weight of other infants of the same gestational age

question

What is the term for the period of deep sadness and related symptoms following the birth of a child that affects approximately 10 percent of all new mothers for months or even years?

answer

Postpartum depression

question

The "visual cliff" study indicates that most infants in the age range of __________ months cannot be coaxed to cross the "cliff."

answer

6 to 14

question

The __________ approach to perception considers how information that is collected by various individual sensory systems is integrated and coordinated.

answer

multimodal

question

If you were to examine the different growth patterns of a child's body size, nervous system, and sexual characteristics, you would apply which principle?

answer

Principle of the independence of systems

question

What term refers to an infant's various levels of wakeful behaviors, such as alertness, fussing and crying, and different levels of sleep?

answer

state

question

What is the term for the ability to detect sound and pinpoint the direction from which it is emanating?

answer

Sound localization

question

When does the greatest increase in height and weight occur?

answer

during the first year

question

is the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience.

answer

Plasticity

question

Mary is preparing to breastfeed her infant daughter, and, in the process, the baby's cheek brushes across her mother's blouse. The baby immediately turns its head toward Mary's chest in preparation for feeding. This is called the __________ reflex.

answer

rooting

question

During the first __________ year(s) of life, a baby's brain will establish billions of new connections between neurons.

answer

two

question

Which of the following does an infant demonstrate a preference for through facial expressions?

answer

sweet

question

What two sources from neuroscience suggest that there are two separate systems involved in long-term memory?

answer

Brain scan technology and studies of adults with brain damage

question

Baby Billy calls his favorite blanket a "blankie." When he sees other blankets in the house, however, he does not refer to them as "blankie" because he uses that name only for his favorite blanket. This is an example of __________.

answer

underextension

question

Developmental psychologist Arnold Gesell formulated a type of test that __________.

answer

measures infant development to distinguish between normal and atypical development in babies

question

Infants, like all people, are exposed to massive amounts of information; therefore, they must focus their attention and select information so as not to be overwhelmed. This process is called selective __________.

answer

encoding

question

Piaget's theory of development assumed that all children pass through a series of __________ universal stages in a fixed order from birth to adolescence. These are __________.

answer

four; sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational

question

Eight-month-old baby Lucy picks up a toy in her crib and accidentally hits her crib with the toy, making an interesting noise. She begins to drag the toy back and forth against the sides of the crib's railing, producing another different and interesting sound. This prompts Lucy to continue repeating the action over and over again. Piaget would say that this is an example of __________.

answer

substage 3: secondary circular reactions

question

__________ is the realization that people and objects exist even when they cannot be seen.

answer

Object permanence

question

While being dressed for bed, seven-month-old Darnell picked up the new comb that his mother just bought for him. Darnell had never seen this before and didn't know how it was used, so he tried to put it in his mouth. Piaget might say that Darnell was __________.

answer

assimilating the comb into his existing schemes

question

Who was the Swiss developmental researcher whose theory of developmental stages highly influenced a considerable amount of work on cognitive development?

answer

piaget

question

Piaget calls an internal image of a past event or object a __________.

answer

mental representation

question

Three-year-old Wendy is playing hide-and-seek with some older children. However, instead of running to find a hiding place away from the other children, Wendy simply covers her eyes. In this example, Wendy is demonstrating __________.

answer

egocentric thought

question

What is the name of the protective insulation that surrounds parts of neurons and speeds the transmission of electrical impulses along brain cells?

answer

myelin

question

According to the social learning theory, modeling paves the way for the development of more general rules and principles in a process called __________.

answer

abstract modeling

question

In order to develop a(n) __________, a child must develop a __________.

answer

gender identity, gender schema

question

What is considered the greatest risk to the health and well-being of a preschool-age child?

answer

accidents

question

By what age would a child be expected to jump, hop on one foot, skip, and run?

answer

3 years

question

Piaget believed that children from __________ years of age fall into the __________ stage.

answer

two to seven; preoperational

question

What is the term for body weight that is more than 20 percent higher than the average weight for a person of a given age and height?

answer

obesity

question

By the time a child is 6 years old, he/she weighs, on average, about __________ pounds and stands approximately __________ inches tall.

answer

46;46

question

Which developmental psychologist believed that cognitive development is a result of social interactions in which children learn through guided participation and working with mentors to solve problems?

answer

Lev Vygotsky

question

Which of the following terms relates to an individual's overall and specific positive and negative self-evaluation?

answer

self-esteem

question

During the middle-school years, all of the following occur EXCEPT __________. children spend less time with their parents parents still remain the major influence in their children's lives siblings have an important influence, both good and bad, on children peer relationships are more influential than family relationships

answer

D

question

Which of the following is NOT a fine motor skill? Typing on a keyboard Writing in cursive with a pen Jumping rope Tying shoes

answer

C

question

What is the term for maintaining one's original cultural identity while integrating oneself into the dominant culture?

answer

bicultural identity

question

Which of the following stages best reflects when a child reads, using phonological recoding skills? What grade(s) is the child most likely attending?

answer

stage 1: first and second grade

question

What is the term for an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood?

answer

metamemory

question

Which of the following best describes the first of the three-stage process of women's morality, as theorized by Carol Gilligan?

answer

orientation towards individual survival

question

Intelligence tests most frequently used in schools are based on a common idea that intelligence is a single factor or unitary mental ability called __________.

answer

g factor

question

When middle-school-age children understand the rules of language that indicate how words and phrases can be combined to form sentences, this is called __________.

answer

syntax

question

The latest research regarding children raised in lesbian and gay households suggests __________.

answer

children develop similarly to children of heterosexual families and are equally well-adjusted

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