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Founder of Psychoanalysis

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Sigmund Freud

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Psychoanalytic theory views human nature as:

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•The mind is composed of three parts •An individual is in constant battle between the ids desire for immediate gratification and the super ego's restraint •Freud theory suggests that by the time a child is 5 yrs old, the personality is already formed •Each person develops through a series, each with its own conflicts to resolve. •One's behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivation, and biological and instinctive drives, as they evolve through key psychosexual stages of development. •Freud believed that the mind is made up of three forces which interact with each other in order to make decisions

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The focus of psychoanalytic theory:

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Resolving unconscious conflicts from the past

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In psychoanalysis the mind is composed of ______ parts:

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3

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What are the 3 parts of the mind in Psychoanalysis?

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1. Id 2. Ego 3. Super Ego

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What is the Id in Psychoanalysis?

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•The collection of instincts and basic urges •Wants immediate gratification regardless of consequences •It is totally unconscious •Is the primitive part of the personality •Freud believed that at birth the child is all id •The id is the unconscious part of our personality and operates on the pleasure principle; whose goal is to gain pleasure and avoid pain

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What is the Ego in Psychoanalysis

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•The rational, reasoning part of the mind •Deals with reality •Negotiator between the wants of the id and the rules of the super ego •Uses defense mechanisms to handle negotiations •Is the conscious part of our personality that operates on the reality principle, the realistic and logical part of the personality •The goal of the ego is to take care of the id impulses without harming the super ego

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What is the Super Ego in Psychoanalysis

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•The conscious, ideals, rules - learned from parents and other adults •Frequently in conflict with the id •It is unconscious •Is the conscious, a person's moral code; the part of the personality that is aware of right and wrong; the judicial part of the personality; the internalization of the moral standards of parents and society

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Psychodynamic Theorists believe:

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•An individual is constant battle with desire from immediate gratification and restraint •All people use defense mechanisms sometimes •Defense mechanisms help keep the unacceptable thoughts and impulses from the awareness where they would have to be looked at by the individual, other people and the counselor •Counselor will use the unacceptable thoughts and impulses to move along progress of treatment by helping the individual understand the nature of the defense mechanism

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Philosophy of Psychoanalysis

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•Human beings are basically determined by psychic energy and by early experiences. •Unconscious motives and conflicts are central in present behaviors •Irrational focus are strong: the person is driven by sexual and aggressive impulses •Early development is of critical importance, for later personality problems have roots in repressed childhood conflict

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Key concepts for Psychotherapy:

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•Normal personality development is based on successful resolution and integration of psychosexual stages of development •Faulty personality development is the result of inadequate resolution of some specific stage •Anxiety is a result of repression of basic conflicts •Unconscious processes are centrally related to current behavior

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Goals of Psychoanalytic Behavior:

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•To make the unconscious conscious •To reconstruct the basic personality •To assist client's in reliving earlier experiences and working through repressed conflicts •Intellectual awareness

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Therapeutic Relationship of Psychoanalytic Therapy:

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•The therapist or analyst remains anonymous and clients develop projections toward the analyst •Focus is on reducing the resistance that develop in working with transference and on establishing more rational control

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Therapeutic Relationship of Psychoanalytic Therapy:

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•Clients experience intensive, long term analysis and engage in free association to uncover conflicts •They gain insight by talking •The counselor/analyst makes interpretations to teach them the meaning of current behavior as related to their past

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A Psychoanalytic view of alcoholism:

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•Psychoanalysis view of alcoholism involved the oral stage of development. The oral stage is the period from birth to about 18 months. •Alcoholism is thought to be an ineffective and destructive attempt resolving conflict from the oral stage. •The focus on addressing issues of denial and other defense mechanisms in addictions treatment is influenced by psychoanalysis •Modern analysts/counselors believe that clients may not be ready for deep insight until a period of abstinence has been achieved and that rapport building with addicted clients may be more important than free association.

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Techniques utilized in Psychoanalytic Therapy:

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•Interpretations •Free Association •Dream Interpretation •Transference

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Define interpretations as used in Psychoanalysis:

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The therapist acts as an expert in interpreting the meaning of the client's concerns and the meaning of the client's concerns and the meaning of unconscious material

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Define "free association" as used in Psychoanalysis

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"free associate" is to state aloud the first words that come mind

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Where do Psychoanalysts believe free association material comes from?

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Psychoanalysts believe that free association material comes directly from the unconscious mind and is useful material for interpretation

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Define dream interpretation as used in Psychoanalysis

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The counselor listens to dreams and believes that a great deal of unconscious material can be uncovered in dreams

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Define how a client responds to the counselor using transference in Psychoanalysis

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Transference: The client unconsciously responds to the counselor, as he/she were a significant other from his/her past, often a parental figure

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Psychoanalysts encourage transference, believing ...

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they can help the client have a corrective parental experience

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Psychoanalysts should also be aware of the counter - transference reactions, which is defined as ...

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negative feelings that are stirred up in the counselor as he/she interacts with the client - as the client may remind the counselor of someone from his/her past

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Name Freud's Defense Mechanisms of Psychoanalysis:

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•Repression •Projection •Displacement •Reaction formation •Regression •Rationalization •Intellectualization

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What is repression as defined in Psychoanalysis?

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forcing unacceptable thoughts and feelings from the conscious mind into the unconscious mind.

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How may a client show repression during Psychoanalysis?

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The client may show the counselor repressed feelings by behaving inappropriately, such as laughing when it is not appropriate

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This is an example of repression in Psychoanalysis

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"The child may his or her parents for abusing them during childhood, but the hate creates such anxiety that the child pushes it out his or her conscious mind so he or she is no longer anxious - but because the hate is not resolved, he or she acts with hostility toward the parent"

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Define projection as used in Psychoanalysis

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accusing others of motives and traits that the person senses are true about him-self or her-self but he or she finds unacceptable.

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This is an example of projection in Psychoanalysis

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"A client calmly describes to his counselor that his father physically abused him and then later in the session, for no apparent reason asks if the counselor is angry with him, projecting his anger onto the counselor

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Define displacement as used in Psychoanalysis

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discomfort is created by one person but there is too much anxiety to talk directly with the person, so the individual takes out his/her feelings on someone or something less threatening

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This is an example of displacement in Psychoanalysis

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"A parent reprimands the child unjustly but the child feels to threaten to correct the parent. He or she goes outside to play and starts a fight with a friend over a trivial incident.

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Define reaction formation as used in Psychoanalysis

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exchanging an unacceptable urge or feeling for a more acceptable one - often expressed in excess

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This is an example of reaction formation in Psychoanalysis

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"A woman dislikes and resents her younger brother, who is the family favorite - but to express these feelings may cause rejection by her parents, so she replaces these uncomfortable feelings and acts nauseating affectionate toward her brother"

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Define regression as used in Psychoanalysis

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returning to more immature behavior that used to be satisfying - occurs more frequently when under extreme pressure

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This is an example of regression formation in Psychoanalysis

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"Under pressure to make a decision about continuing a difficult intimate relationship, a man sleeps away the day just as he did when he was a teenager"

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Define rationalization as used in Psychoanalysis

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finding a satisfactory reason for doing something unacceptable

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This is an example of rationalization in Psychoanalysis

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"When a teenager shoplifts some clothes from a large department store, he or she tells him-self or her-self that the store can afford the loss and that the clothes were overpriced anyway"

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Define intellectualization as used in Psychoanalysis

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understanding a difficult situation with the mind but not allowing any feelings about it

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This is an example of intellectualization in Psychoanalysis

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"A woman calmly describes being sexually abused by her drunken father and explains to the counselor it was because her father had a disease - she can't allow herself to feel the anger, hurt, and fear she feels toward her father because she feels she would fall apart."

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Psychoanalysis therapy

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An individual is in constant battle with desire from immediate gratification and restraint is associated with what therapy?

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Psychoanalysis therapy

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Human beings are basically determined by psychic energy and be early experiences is associated with what therapy?

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Psychoanalysis therapy

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Unconscious motives and conflicts are central in present behaviors are associated with what therapy?

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Psychoanalysis theory

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Believes that by the time a child is five years old, the personality is already formed is associated with what theory?

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Psychoanalysis therapy

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what therapy believes that each person develops through a series, each with its own conflicts to resolve?

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Psychoanalysis therapy

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an individual is in constant battle with desire for immediate gratification and restraint is associated with what therapy?

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Psychoanalysis therapy

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all people use defense mechanisms sometimes is associated with what therapy?

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Psychoanalysis therapy

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defense mechanisms help keep the unacceptable thoughts and impulses from the awareness whey they would have to be looked at is associated with what therapy?

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In Psychoanalysis therapy how will the counselor use unacceptable thoughts and impulses?

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will use the unacceptable thoughts and impulses to move along the progress of treatment by helping the client understand the nature of the defense mechanism

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In Psychoanalysis therapy which stage is alcoholism said to be a result of?

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Oral stage

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In Psychoanalysis therapy alcoholism is thought to be ......

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is thought to be an ineffective and destructive attempt resolving conflict from the oral stage

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In Psychoanalysis therapy what is the first stage of Psychosexual Development

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Oral Stage Age Range: Birth to 1 Year Erogenous Zone: Mouth

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In Psychoanalysis therapy what is the second stage of Psychosexual Development

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Anal Stage Age Range: 1 to 3 years Erogenous Zone: Bowel and Bladder Control

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In Psychoanalysis therapy what is the third stage of Psychosexual Development

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The Phallic Stage Age Range: 3 to 6 Years Erogenous Zone: Genitals

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In Psychoanalysis therapy what is the fourth stage of Psychosexual Development

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The Latent Period Age Range: 6 to Puberty Erogenous Zone: Sexual Feelings Are Inactive

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In Psychoanalysis therapy what is the fifth and last stage of Psychosexual Development

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The Latent Period Age Range: 6 to Puberty Erogenous Zone: Sexual Feelings Are Inactive

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