Psych Unit 8 – Flashcards
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What is the branch of psychology that studies the effect of social variables on behavior?
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Social Psychology
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What is the term for a group's expectations of what is appropriate and acceptable
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Social Norms
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What is the term for the combination of people, activities, interactions among people, the setting, and the norms of the behavior
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Social Context
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What is the term for when people stand by and do nothing in an emergency situation?
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Bystander effect/bystander apathy
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What is the term for the view that internal factors influence behavior
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dispositioninsm
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Who conducted the Stanford prison study?
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Zimbardo
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Who conducted experiments on social conformity?
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Asch
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Who conducted experiments on obedience to authority?
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Milgrim (electric shock, teacher student)
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Who conducted experiments on bystander apathy?
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Latane and Darley
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Who conducted experiments on whether or not social norms influence students' political views
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Newcomb
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What is the key determinant of individual behavior according to social psych?
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Social Situation
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What determines behavior if one is at a party and doesn't know anyone?
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the behavior of others
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People tend to believe that other people's mistakes are due to ________
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internal factors, personal traits, and personality
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How do people reduce dissonance between thoughts and behavior?
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Change behavior or thoughts
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What is the fuel for terrorism?
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nations with depleted resources, poverty, hopelessness, joblessness
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What is the strongest predictor of how much we will like someone when we first meet them?
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physical attraction
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How do people perceive others who are extremely physically attractive but very shy?
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cold and indifferent
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What types of relationships do we seek out?
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ones where we both give and receive rewards
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Of the 4 components of attraction, which proves that absence does NOT make the heart grow fonder?
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Proximity
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People with low self esteem gravitate toward which type of people?
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people who see them as they see themselves -- reinforce self-perception
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What is the term for negative feelings toward others who are different from oneself?
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prejudice
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What is the term for negative actions toward others who are different from oneself?
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discrimination
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What increases when social distance between two groups increases?
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prejudice
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Who applied theories about competition and common goals to break down hostilities between Israel and Palestine caused by prejudice?
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Herbert Kelman
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What are the 3 most effective ways to combat prejudice?
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new role models, equal status contact, legislation
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What is the term for behavior that is intended to cause harm?
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aggression
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What is the term for blaming an innocent person or group for one's own troubles
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scapegoating
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What is the term for the tendency to emphasize internal causes and ignore external ones?
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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What is the term for the view that environmental conditions influence behavior
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situationism
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What is it called when group members lose their sense of personal identity and responsibility and the group "assumes" responsibility for their behavior
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deindividuation
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What is the term for socially defined patterns of behavior expected of a person in a given setting
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Social Roles
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What is the term for a form of conformity in which a group majority influences individual judgements?
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Asch Effect
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What is the term for when a person takes credit for their successes, but denies responsibilities or failures?
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self-serving bias
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What is the term for contact between people from different groups when they're placed under equal conditions?
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equal status contact
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What is the term for when individuals in a group babe similar, though not identical views, their opinions become more extreme?
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group polarization
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What is the theory that says that we like best those who give us maximum rewards at minimum costs
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reward theory of attraction
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What hypothesis states that most people will find mates who are perceived to be about the same level of attraction?
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Matching hypothesis
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which theory states that people are motivated to avoid conflicts between their behaviors and cognitions?
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cognitive dissonance theory
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which theory states that we decide to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential value of it against their expectations of success
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expectancy-value theory
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What are the 4 powerful sources of reward that predict personal attraction
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proximity, similarity, self-disclosure, physical attractiveness
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What did Milgrim tell his subjects that he was studying?
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memory and learning
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How many teachers administered the full spectrum of shocks up to 450 volts
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nearly 2/3
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Why was Milgrim's experiment controversial?
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potential harm to the subjects
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What kind of people did Milgrim think would be the only ones to go all the way to 450?
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Sadistic
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When was obedience to an authority most likely in Milgrim's study?
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when the authority was nearby the "teacher"
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Who is the man behind the triangle theory?
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Sternberg
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3 Components of love?
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Passion, Intimacy, Commitment
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What is the term for passion and intimacy but no commitment?
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Romantic Love
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passion without intimacy or commitment
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infatuation
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passion, intimacy, and commitment
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complete love/consummate love
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the Stanford prison study showed us the power of _____?
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the social situation
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When are people most likely to help in an emergency situation?
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when there are few others around to help
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robbers cave: what cause cooperation among the different groups of boys?
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a common goal
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Who stopped the Stanford prison study?
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one of Zimbardo's female grad students
