Psych Test Ch. 18-22 – Flashcards
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When compared with earlier thinking, thinking in adulthood is_________.
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more practical, more flexible, and more dialectical
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A possible fifth state of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is_________.
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postformal thought
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Most emerging adults struggle with ___________, however, adults gradually master it as their cognition matures.
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time management
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A common logical error of emerging adults is delay discounting, the tendency to _____________.
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undervalue events in the future
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thought that arises from personal experiences and perceptions is__________.
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subjective
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During emerging adulthood, people are able to use both emotion (subjective) and logic (objective) when grappling with personal and social problems; such thinking demonstrates___________ thoughts.
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postformal
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A series of questions designed to assess respondents' level of moral development by having them rank possible solutions to moral dilemmas is the __________Test.
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Defining Issues
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Genevieve is about to complete her bachelor's degree. If she is typical, she will earn approximately__________ more per year than a peer without a college degree.
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$15,000
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Perry found that over the four years of their college careers, students typically ___________.
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move through nine levels of complexity in their thinking
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The recent effort by countries around the world is to increase the number of young people attending college is prompted by national governments' belief in_________.
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massification
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Akila loves to think about how the physical world works. She believes there are advanced civilizations on other planets. According to John Holland's six categories of people, she is MOST likely in the _____________ category.
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investigative
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Talal is 2 years old and works in an entry-level sales position at a local company. If he is typical, in the next few years, he will__________.
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change jobs, perhaps several times
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According to Erikson, the stage of intimacy versus isolation___________.
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reflects the desire to share one's life with someone else
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Intimacy is the desire for_________.
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social connection
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For most people, social networking has_________ social isolation in emerging adulthood.
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decreased
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According to John Gottman, disgust in romantic relationships is________predictive of divorce, and conflict in romantic relationships is ___________predictive of divorce.
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more; less
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Fighting between romantic partners is brought on more by the situation than by the deep personality problems of the individuals is referred to as_________.
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situational couple violence
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a popular term for parents who hover over their emerging adults, ready to swoop down if any problem arises, is_________ parents.
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helicopter
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a situation in a romantic relationship wherein one partner wants to address an issue and the other one refuses, resulting in opposite reactions, is referred to as_________.
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demand/ withdraw reaction
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happiness among those who cohabit is often associated with national_______.
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acceptance of cohabitation
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adulthood covers the last four decades between ages____________and___________.
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25; 65
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Most adults are not aware of senescence until about age 60 or so due to ___________.
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homeostasis
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In an aging brain__________.
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reaction time legnthens
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the first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's ____________.
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skin
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a research study from the early 1990's found that middle aged men and women in a committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be __________with their sex lives.
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extremely satisfied
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a researcher is compiling data on the incidence of several different diseases. These data reflect__________.
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morbidity
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compared to men the same age, adult women have_________rates of mortality and__________rates of morbidity for almost every chronic disease.
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lower; higher
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the 10 million US residents with the highest SES (and the best health care) outlive the 10 million with the lowest SES who live in rundown ares by about___________ years.
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30
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Research studies on alcohol use have shown that__________.
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moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity
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the diseases and chronic conditions associated with aging ___________.
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may be strongly affected by individual's routines and habits
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the term g refers to_________intelligence.
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general
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the Flynn effect refers to the___________.
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rise in average IQ over the generations
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One study found that those who retired from challenging work often _________ intellectual power and those who left dull jobs often__________ intellectual power.
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lost; gianed
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the two researchers who concluded that fluid and crystallized intelligence are the most crucial aspects of intelligence were_________.
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Cattell and Horn
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the basic intelligence that makes learning quick and thorough is referred to as _____________ intelligence.
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fluid
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which of sternberg's three forms of intelligence is sometimes called "street smarts"?
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practical
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major stressors and daily hassles__________.
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can impair cognitive functioning
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the gradual accumulation of stressors over a long period of time, wearing down the resilience and resistance of a person, is referred to as _________.
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weathering
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Baltes and Baltes found that adults use their intellectual strengths to offset their age-related declining abilities throughout the process of___________.
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selective optimization with compensation
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expert thought is ____________.
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intuitive, automatic, strategic, and flexible
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The theorist who proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop into adulthood was_________.
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Erikson
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According to the text, middle age, if it exists__________.
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could begin at 35 or 50
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The big five personality traits_____________.
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are apparent in every culture and era
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people choose a particular lifestyle and social context, or _________, because it is compatible with their personality traits.
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ecological niche
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Which personality traits tends to increase with age?
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agreeableness
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an acquaintance who is not a friend but still has impact on an adult's life is called a(n) __________.
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consequential stranger
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how has the internet impacted friendships and relationships with consequential strangers?
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it has strengthened friendships and increased the number of consequential strangers
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since they are called on to help both the older and younger generations of the family, middle-aged adults have been called the ___________.
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sandwhich generation
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the primary form that the generatively takes is_________.
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establishing and guiding the next generation
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at least three factors help adults find an ideal balance between intimacy and generatively. These factors are_________.
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adequate income, social support, and chosen schedules
