question

In his theory Piaget ____ young children and ____ older children.

answer

underestimated; overestimated

question

The biological events that begin puberty are governed by the HPA and HPG axes. In these axis the hypothalamus sends a signal to the ____ gland.

answer

pituitary

question

Which of the following US ethnic groups have the lowest median age of menarche according to Chumlea et al (2003)?

answer

African Americans

question

Adolescents may have emotions that they have difficulty controlling because the growth of their _____ outpaces the growth of their ____

answer

limbic system; prefrontal cortex

question

When faced with Piaget's balance scale problem, people in formal operations are most likely to

answer

figure out a rule for solving the problem by testing hypotheses

question

Adolescents who have reached formal operations show an increase in

answer

hypothetical-deductive reasoning

question

Adolescents (and others) who text while driving, believing that it is not dangerous for them, even though it might be for others, are showing evidence of

answer

an invincibility fable

question

Kayleigh joined the same sorority that her mother and grandmother joined. She says 'it's just what we do.' Kayleigh is showing evidence of

answer

identity foreclosure

question

Diana is 16 years old. She is really not sure what she believes in. When she is asked she says 'I'm only 16, I don't have to think about that stuff.' Diana's identity status can be described as

answer

identity diffused

question

Jacob broke his eyeglasses. The temporary ones he got are geeky. He refuses to go to school saying 'everyone will be looking at me.' Jacob is demonstrating the feature of adolescent egocentrism known as

answer

the imaginary audience

question

Which of the following is a criticism of Piaget's theory of formal operations?

answer

in everyday problem-solving, adolescents and adults tend to use intuitive thinking more than analytical thinking

question

Of the characteristics of family closeness, which two are generally helpful regardless of context?

answer

communication & support

question

Tonya is just beginning to be comfortable with the fact that she is lesbian. She has begun the process of disclosure and coming out. Tonya is in the ____ stage of coming out

answer

tolerance

question

Darren is romantically attached to Melissa but he has no desire to have sex with her or with anyone else. Darren is likely to be

answer

asexual

question

Compared to males, the dating script of females in adolescence tends to be

answer

reactive

question

According to Savin-Williams' research, gay and lesbian adolescents tend to have ____ sexual experience than their heterosexual peers

answer

less

question

Dmitri didn't get invited to his friend Jason's party. He is upset but says to himself 'now I know what kind of a friend Jason is.' Dmitri is using the emotional skill of

answer

reframing

question

In Arnett's study of ethnic differences in emerging adulthood, which group was most likely to say that they felt like adults?

answer

African Americans

question

Which of the following is an example of 'epistemic space' in adolescent attachment relationships?

answer

Andrew is able to reflect on the positive and negative aspects of his relationship with his dad

question

Ellie sees the teacher be really mean to her friend. She is very upset and wants to yell at the teacher but instead she calmly reports the incident to the principal. Ellie is using the emotional skill of

answer

managing strong emotions evoked by empathy

question

In Arnett's study of ethnic differences in emerging adulthood, which group of emerging adults emphasized complying with norms that encouraged good behavior towards others?

answer

African-Americans, Asian-Americans and Latinos

question

In Arnett's study of ethnic differences in emerging adulthood, which of the following was seen as a marker of adulthood by most respondents in each of the group?

answer

independence

question

Harry's peer group likes to cut class and party. Harry is rethinking this lifestyle and starting to pay more attention to class. To do so, he has to stand up to his friends. Which of Baxter Magolda's phases is he in?

answer

becoming the author of your own life

question

Lily feels that her professors know the right answers to life's questions. Where is she on Perry's scheme?

answer

dualism

question

Barry thinks that since no authority has the right answer, everyone's opinion is equally right. Where is he on Perry's scheme?

answer

relativism

question

For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is

answer

spermache

question

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with

answer

aggression and antisocial behavior in boys

question

Jose enjoys sports, especially running. As an adolescent, he has the potential to become a star athlete. Which pair of influences will be MOST beneficial to him in reaching his full potential?

answer

changes in myelination in his brain and the guidance of an experienced coach

question

Josefina is obsessed with her weight. She sometimes eats a whole package of Oreos at once and then makes herself vomit. Josefina is of normal weight, but she constantly has heartburn. She MOST likely suffers from

answer

bulimia nervosa

question

Justine is 14 years old. Her parents are frequently annoyed because Justine tends to ask critical questions such as, "Why can't I have wine with dinner? You do." Or "I don't understand why I'll be able to vote when I'm 18, but I have to wait until I'm 21 to buy alcohol!" This demonstrates Justine's:

answer

hypothetical thinking

question

Latisha experienced menarche when she was 8 years old. She experienced:

answer

precocious puberty

question

Marsha says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marsha is demonstrating:

answer

her belief in an imaginary audience

question

One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is:

answer

anxiety about their body image

question

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence:

answer

formal operational thought

question

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines:

answer

hypothetical thought

question

Research has shown that adolescents who drop out of high school are strongly influenced by their:

answer

middle school experiences

question

Since adolescents' prefrontal cortex is not fully developed, many of them tend NOT to:

answer

exercise caution in most situations

question

Since adolescents regard themselves as uniquely special:

answer

it is difficult for them to envision another person's perspective

question

The common middle-school schedule that involves classroom changes every 40 minutes:

answer

creates a developmental mismatch

question

What-if propositions require:

answer

hypothetical thought

question

Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by:

answer

the growth of the heart and lungs

question

Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a gut feeling is referred to as:

answer

intuitive thought

question

Which is NOT a challenge associated with vocational education at the secondary level in the United States?

answer

Graduates of vocational programs earn less than students who do not attend them

question

Which statement is correct?

answer

There is a positive correlation between body fat and early onset of puberty

question

Xavier, 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. Just a few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision making?

answer

His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped

question

During psychosocial development, the adolescent is trying to figure out:

answer

"who am I?"

question

During the fifth stage of psychosocial development, an adolescent who isn't sure which role to adopt is said it be:

answer

experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion

question

It is typical for an adolescent experiencing ________ to sleep too much, care little about school, and be indifferent to parental criticism

answer

identity diffusion

question

In achieving full identity, an adolescent should understand his or her goals and values regarding

answer

religion and sex politics and ethnicity vocation

question

Today, vocational identity is postponed because:

answer

many vocations require specialized skills that take years to attain

question

What is a gender role?

answer

a pattern of behavior that society considers appropriate for only men or only women

question

Petty, peevish arguing that is usually ongoing is known as

answer

bickering

question

Adolescents are said to have closeness with family when

answer

there is open communication, support, emotional connectedness, and parental control

question

"Facilitation," specifically in adolescent peer relationships, refers to the way that peers

answer

encourage each other to do things that most wouldn't do on their own.

question

In the past 50 years, teen births have _____ in every nation

answer

decreased

question

According to Dunphy, the third event in the sequence of male-female relationships is

answer

small mixed-sex groups

question

Which of the following statements concerning homosexual youth is TRUE?

answer

Ten percent of heterosexual adults report having had same-sex encounters during their adolescence

question

The best sex-education programs are those that

answer

start before high school, require parent-child communication, focus on behavior, and last for years

question

The belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom if necessary, is called

answer

familism

question

Serious depression among adolescents is

answer

more common in females than in males

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?

answer

Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but completed suicides are not

question

Most longitudinal studies on adolescent destructiveness conclude that

answer

increased anger at puberty is normal and is usually expressed in acceptable ways

question

The best predictor of drug abuse in adulthood is

answer

drug use before age 18

question

Which psychoactive drug used during adolescence inhibits growth and may result in the adolescent becoming a shorter and heavier adult?

answer

tobacco

question

Adolescents who regularly smoke marijuana are more likely to

answer

drop out of school become teenage parents be unemployed

question

What is Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development?

answer

identity versus role confusion

question

Understanding oneself based on past experiences and future plans is called ________, and lack of commitment to any goals or values is called __________

answer

identity achievement; role confusion

question

Erikson's term for premature identity formation is

answer

foreclosure

question

Within which type of identity does society expect some debate and questioning during late adolescence?

answer

religious identity

question

______ refers to a person's self-definition as male or female, and _______ refers to a person's erotic desires

answer

gender identity; sexual orientation

question

Parent and adolescent conflicts:

answer

occur when a child's drive for independence clashes with the parents' supervision and control

question

Parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom is called

answer

parental monitoring

question

Mr. Sanchez gives the car keys to his son and asks, "Who is going to the movies with you, and what time will you be home?" This questioning is an example of

answer

parental monitoring

question

Peer pressure or encouragement to conform to a friend's behavior or fashion style

answer

can be positive

question

High school romances:

answer

are short-lived, rarely lasting more than a year

question

From 1991 to 2001, the rate of sexual activity among U.S. high school students

answer

decreased

question

In many nations of Africa and the Middle East, same-sex behaviors are considered

answer

criminal and pathological

question

Which immigrant youth seem to suffer from lower self-esteem than the other groups?

answer

Asian

question

Research has shown that the dip in self-esteem during adolescence:

answer

is experienced by both sexes

question

Two causes of depression in adolescence are

answer

genetics and having a mother who is often belligerent and disapproving

question

Thinking about suicide is called _________, and a failed suicide is called __________

answer

suicide ideation; parasuicide

question

Early neurological impairments increase the risk of a child becoming a(n) _________, and a teen experiencing a negative psychosocial development is at greater risk of becoming a(n) ___________

answer

life-course-persistent offender; adolescence-limited offender

question

The only drug(s) used by more eighth-graders than twelfth-graders is

answer

inhalants

question

The most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers is

answer

alcohol

question

Longitudinal research on marijuana use suggests that

answer

drug use causes more problems than it solves

question

Biologically, the years from 18 to 25 are the ideal time for

answer

physical work successful reproduction

question

According to the text, the term used to describe a person between the ages of 18 and 25 is

answer

emerging adult

question

Approximately what percentage of young adults in the United States rate their health as good, very good, or excellent?

answer

96

question

Most women under age 30 who gave birth in 2011

answer

were not married

question

Young adults rarely die from

answer

heart disease

question

In the United States, how many people in their mid-20s feel that premarital sex "is not wrong at all"?

answer

53%

question

Half of all new cases of STIs occur in people

answer

younger than 26

question

Which of the following nations are making progress in its effort to halt AIDS?

answer

Brazil

question

The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's prejudice is known as

answer

stereotype threat

question

Massification is the idea that establishing higher learning institutions and encouraging college enrollment could

answer

benefit everyone

question

In every developed nation, _____ of college students are female.

answer

more than half

question

During which stage did Erikson believe that adults seek someone with whom to share their lives in an enduring and self-sacrificing commitment?

answer

intimacy vs isolation

question

Worldwide, emerging adults think about their identities in terms of

answer

-political loyalties and religious commitments -gender roles -ethnic and vocational identities

question

During late adolescence and early adulthood, people are ____ to be proud of their ethnic background

answer

likely

question

Research reveals that personality is

answer

-genetically influenced -environmentally influenced -not fixed; plasticity is evident

question

In general, emerging adults experience

answer

increasing self-esteem

question

Severe anxiety and depression are not unusual during adolescence and emerging adulthood, especially for

answer

young women

question

Distorted thinking, lack of energy, and flat affect can all be signs of

answer

schizophrenia

question

After age _____, few people are newly diagnosed with schizophrenia

answer

30

question

In which of the following countries is cohabitation considered unusual?

answer

Ireland

question

According to the text, by age ____, the immune system can fight off just about everything from the sniffles to cancer

answer

20

question

Historically, most couples had their first child as teenagers, whereas now most women are having their first child at age _____

answer

25

question

Most people over age 65 think that premarital sex is

answer

wrong

question

What percentage of emerging adults has at least one sexually transmitted infection?

answer

50

question

The leading cause of death for young men in South Africa is:

answer

AIDS

question

Which of the following may be a destructive risk common in emerging adulthood?

answer

-driving fast w/o a seat belt -abusing drugs -carrying a loaded gun

question

Forms of recreation that risk causing injury or death, and are attractive and thrilling as a result, are referred to as

answer

extreme sports

question

U.S. Census data confirm that a college degree adds about _____ per year to a worker's salary.

answer

$20,000

question

College trends indicate that

answer

more girls than boys attend college

question

Erikson's fifth stage of development, identity versus role confusion, starts in adolescence and is completed

answer

later during adulthood

question

A longitudinal study found that students at four-year colleges were more likely to be involved in _____ than were students at two-year colleges

answer

extra-curricular activities

question

Personality patterns of adults are affected by

answer

cultural norms social context genetic continuity

question

Aggressive young adults

answer

rated themselves as quite conscientious

question

Social phobia is most likely to be diagnosed in women around age

answer

20

question

Which disorder is characterized by having irrational thoughts, delusions, and hallucinations?

answer

schizophrenia

question

A commonality among intimate relationships is that they

answer

progress from attraction to close connection to ongoing commitment

question

The idea that each of us enlarges our understanding, our experiences, and our resources through our intimate relationships is known as

answer

self-expansion

question

Moratorium

answer

a time-out that includes some exploration, either in breadth (trying many things) or in depth (examining a single path after making a tentative commitment that may change). Ex: college and military

question

Rumination

answer

talking about, remembering, and mentally replaying past experiences--is more common among girls than boys. Can contribute to depression

question

Postformal thought

answer

characterized by "problem finding," not just "problem solving," wherein a person is more open to ideas and less concerned with absolute right and wrong

Psych Test #3 (Ch. 9,10,11) – Flashcards

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