Psych Quiz 13 Answers – Flashcards

It involves an interaction b/w a trained therapist and a person seeking to overcome difficulties or achieve personal growth.

It involves treatment w/ drugs, medical procedures, or other biological therapies.

It combines different techniques tailored to the client's problems.

1) gain insight into the unconscious origins of their disorders and 2) work through the accompanying feelings.

Methods included free association, dream analysis, interpretation of resistance, and transference to the therapist of feelings experienced in other impt. relationships. Criticisms - not as accurate. Sometimes provides false evidence.

Like psychoanalysis, psychodynamic therapy focuses on childhood experiences, therapist interaction, unconscious feelings, and unresolved conflicts. Difference: Psychodynamic therapy is briefer and focuses primarily on current symptom relief.

Conscious thoughts are more impt. than the unconscious. Personal growth requires taking responsibility for your feelings and actions. Client-centered therapy: Therapists foster clients' growth through active listening and by being genuine, accepting, and empathic, with an attitude of unconditional positive regard.

Therapy promotes clients' self-awareness and self-acceptance. It's focus is promoting growth rather than curing illness.

Exposure therapies help reduce anxiety by exposing people over and over to the feared item or experience. Through aversive therapy, people learn a negative response to a harmful situation.

Behavior therapists use conditioning principles to modify problem behaviors, rather than seeking insight into the source of those behaviors as psychoanalysis and humanistic therapy would do.

Behavior can be modified by changing the consequences. Therapists may use a token economy, which desired behavior earns privileges.

Cognitive therapies, such as Beck's therapy for depression, aim to train people to think in healthier ways. Cognitive behavioral therapy helps clients to develop new, healthier ways of acting as well as thinking.

Group therapy can help more people for less money. Clients of group therapy may benefit from knowing that others have the same problems and from getting feedback and reassurance. Family Therapy treats a family as a system and attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and better communication.

Clients justify their investment, tend to speak kindly of their therapists, and sometimes are healed by time alone. Therapists tend to track only their "success" stories.

No one psychotherapy is superior to all others. Behavior therapies work best with specific behavior problems, such as phobias. Cognitive therapy is effective in reducing depression and suicide risk. Effective clinical decision making relies upon a clear understanding of the patient, therapist expertise, and available research evidence.

All effective psychotherapies offer 1) new hope 2) a fresh perspective and 3) an empathetic, trusting, caring relationship.

Cultural and value differences can create stress about therapy's goals and prevent the formation of a strong emotional bond b/w the client and the therapist. People can avoid these conflicts by asking potential therapists about their treatment approach and values.

Antipsychotic drugs - used in treating schizophrenia and other disorders, alter the availability of some neurotransmitters. (Side effects can include tardive dyskinesia or increased risk of obesity and diabetes). Antianxiety drugs - which depress central nervous system activity, are used to treat anxiety disorders, often in combination with psychotherapy. These drugs can be physically and psychologically addictive. Antidepressant drugs - which increase the availability of serotonin or norepinephrine, are used for depression and anxiety disorders. Side effects include decreased sexual desire, and their effectiveness is relatively slow. Mood-stabilizing drugs, such as lithium, are often prescribed for those w/ bipolar disorders.

In electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), a brief electric current is sent through the brain. ECT is an effective treatment for severely depressed people who have not responded to other therapy. Newer alternative treatments for depression include vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The irreversible psychosurgical procedures are used only as a last resort. Lobotomies are no longer performed.

Our bodies and minds affect each other. Research suggests that aerobic exercise, adequate sleep and sunlight, social connections, anti-rumination strategies, and good nutrition may relieve symptoms of depression.

Changing stressful social contexts and teaching people to cope better w/ stress may help them become more resilient, enabling recovery from adversity. Community psychologists work to prevent psychological disorders by turning destructive environments into more nurturing places that foster competence, health, and well-being.