question

Anorexia Nervosa

answer

Eating disorder in which individuals starve themselves due to a compulsive fear of becoming fat and a distorted body image.

question

Secondary Sexual Charateristics

answer

Features visible on the outside of the body that do not involve the reproductive organs.

question

Menarche

answer

First menstration

question

Spermarche

answer

First ejaculation

question

Puberty

answer

Biological changes at adolescence leading to an adult-size body and sexual maturity.

question

Primary Sexual Chacteristics

answer

Directly involve the reproductive organs

question

Body Image

answer

Conception of an attitude toward one's physical appearance.

question

Adolescence

answer

Transition between childhood and adulthood

question

Growth Spurt

answer

Rapid gains in height and weight during adolescence

question

Bulimia Nervosa

answer

Eating disorder in which individuals engage in strict dieting and excessive exercise accompanied by binge eating, often followed by deliberate vomiting or purging with laxatives.

question

The beginning of adolescence is marked by _________

answer

puberty

question

Middle adolescence is a period __________

answer

when pubertal chance is nearly complete

question

Growth in body size is complete for mos girls by age _________

answer

16

question

During adolescence, _________ decreases in adolescent boys.

answer

arm and leg fat

question

Secondary sexual characteristic

answer

appearance of underarm hair

question

The first sign of puberty in boys is _______.

answer

enlargement of the testes

question

Menarche is greatly delayed in ________

answer

poverty-stricken regions

question

Children with warm, stable family ties tend to reach puberty _________.

answer

relatively late

question

In humans and other mammals, ______ during puberty.

answer

neurons become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters.

question

For girls who have no advance information, menarche ________.

answer

can be disturbing

question

Boys who had advance information say that their first ejaculation ___________

answer

occurred earlier than they expected

question

Later-maturing boys tend to be ________ than their early-maturing counterparts.

answer

more sociable

question

Skipping breakfast is linked to _______

answer

obesity

question

_______ is associated with reduced fast-food consumption.

answer

Frequency of family meals.

question

About ____ percent of North American and Western European teenage girls are affected with anorexia nervosa.

answer

1

question

Individuals with ______ lose between 25 and 50 percent of their body weight.

answer

anorexia nervosa

question

After automobile injuries, _______ cause the majority of other fatal injuries in US teens.

answer

firearms

question

Typically, parents in the United States __________.

answer

rarely talk about sex in children's presence

question

Rates of extramarital sex among US young people are ______ they were a decade ago.

answer

lower than

question

______ more often dominate conversations about sexual matters than about everyday matters, especially when talking to ________.

answer

mothers-sons

question

_______ are more likely than ______ to share a homosexual orientation.

answer

biological relatives-adoptive relatives

question

In research on ethnically diverse gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths, awareness of a same-sex physical attraction occurred, on average between ages ____ and ___ for girls.

answer

14-15

question

For which of the following sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is there no cure?

answer

herpes simplex 2

question

In contrast to other Western nations, __________.

answer

the incidence of AIDS among Americans under the age of 30 is much higher.

question

An estimated ____ percent of teenage girls who have sexual intercourse become pregnant.

answer

20

question

Parenthood before age 18 _____ the likelihood of _____

answer

increases-marital instability

question

Intergenerational continuity in adolescent parenthood is far greater when teenage mothers ___.

answer

remain unmarried

question

Of all teenage drug habits, ______ has received the least attention.

answer

cigarette smoking

question

To effectively reduce drug experimentation, school and community prevention programs should _____.

answer

teach skills for resisting peer pressure

question

______ viewed the teenage years as biologically based, universal "developmental disturbance"

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

During ________, a young person achieves full adult appearance and anticipates assumption of adult roles.

answer

late adolescence

question

The _____ gland releases growth hormones and stimulates other glands to produce hormones that act on body issues.

answer

pituirary

question

On average, the growth spurt is underway for North American and Western European girls shortly after age ____.

answer

10

question

During puberty, boys' _____ broaden relative to the _____.

answer

shoulders-hips

question

For girls, gains in motor development level off by age _____.

answer

14

question

In females, a sharp rise in ___ may trigger sexual maturation.

answer

body fat

question

Children with a history of family conflict, harsh parenting, or parental separation tend to _____.

answer

Reach puberty early

question

fRMI evidence reveals that adolescents tend to ____ than adults do.

answer

recruit the prefrontal cortex's network of connections with other brain areas less effectively

question

In the United States today, most girls ____ puberty.

answer

are informed about

question

Adolescent mood swings are ______.

answer

strongly related to situational changes

question

Which of the following teens is the most likely to have a negative body image?

answer

Deana, an early-maturing Caucasian girl

question

Jenna, a(n) _______-maturing girl will probably feel most comfortable with girls who are _____ in maturation.

answer

early-early

question

During the growth spurt, boys require ________.

answer

more protein than girls

question

Of all age groups, _____ are the most likely to eat on the run.

answer

adolescents

question

Which of the following individuals is at the greatest risk for developing an eating disorder?

answer

Sammie, an early-maturing girl

question

Less than ___ percent of people with anorexia recover fully.

answer

50

question

_____ are especially vulnerable to sport-related injuries.

answer

Young adolescents

question

Hormonal changes--in particular then production of _______ in young people of both sexes--lead to an increase in sex drive.

answer

androgens

question

The majority of young people learn about sex from _____.

answer

their friends or the media

question

The high rate of sexual activity among African-American teenagers is largely accounted for by ___ in the black population.

answer

widespread poverty

question

Parent-based sex education _______.

answer

has many advantages for both sexes

question

_____ homosexuality tends to be more common on the _____ side of the families.

answer

male-maternal

question

Realizing that homosexuality has personal relevance generally sparks ____ in adolescents.

answer

confusion

question

Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be cured using antibiotic drugs?

answer

chlamydia

question

Most US adolescents _____.

answer

underestimate their own susceptibility to AIDS

question

The US adolescent pregnancy rate ______

answer

had steadily declines since 1991

question

First-generation mothers' age at first childbirth ___ the age at which second-generations young people become parents.

answer

strongly predicts

question

Research reveals that US teenagers are ___ likely to use ____ than European teenagers.

answer

more-illegal drugs

question

Longitudinal evidence reveals drug abusers' impulsive, disruptive, hostile style is _____.

answer

often evident in the early childhood

question

Imaginary audience

answer

An adolescent's belief that he or she is the focus of everyone's attention and concern

question

Fantasy

answer

The period of vocational development in which children explore career options through make-believe play

question

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

answer

begins with a hypothesis, from which logical inferences can be deducted and then tested in a systemic fashion.

question

Tentative

answer

The period of vocational development in which adolescents weigh vocational options against their interests, abilities, and values.

question

Realistic

answer

The period of vocational development in which adolescents focus on a general career category and eventually settle on a single occupation.

question

Formal operational stage

answer

Piaget's final stage, in which adolescents develop the capacity for abstract scientific thinking.

question

Logical necessity

answer

specifies that the accuracy of conclusions drawn from premises rests on the rules of logic, not on real-world confirmation.

question

Propositional thought

answer

evaluating the logic of verbal statements without referring to real-world circumstances.

question

Personal fable

answer

Refers to the adolescents' belief that they are special and unique.

question

According to Piaget, when adolescents engage in hypothetico- deductive reasoning, they _____.

answer

form a prediction about variables that might affect an outcome

question

Research indicates that when given a situation involving no more than two causal variables, 6-year-olds ____

answer

understand that hypotheses must be confirmed by appropriate evidence.

question

The fact that college coursework leads to improvements in formal reasoning related to course content suggests that, contrary to Piaget's conclusions, ______.

answer

formal operational reasoning does not emerge all at once, but is specific to situation and task.

question

Follow-up research on formal operational thought shows that ______.

answer

schooling and practice lead to gains in formal operational thinking

question

Researchers regard _____ as central to adolescent cognitive development.

answer

metacognition

question

According to Deanna Kuhn's findings, the capacity to reason like a scientist ____.

answer

improves with age

question

Which of the following statements reflects the imaginary audience?

answer

"I can't go to the party with a huge pimple on my cheek! Everyone will make fun of me!"

question

Research on the imaginary audience and personal fable indicates that they _______.

answer

may serve positive, protective functions

question

Fifteen-year-old Kate seems to find fault with everything; she is critical of the way her parents dress, the food they buy, the cars they drive, and the manner in which they spend their free time. Kate's fault-finding results from adolescent _______.

answer

idealism

question

Which of the following statements about adolescent decision making is true?

answer

Adolescents are more likely than adults to fall back on well-learned intuitive judgments.

question

Which of the following statements about gender differences in reading and writing achievement is true?

answer

This area of the brain where language is localized develops earlier in girls than in boys.

question

Girls tend to be advantaged in ___.

answer

arithmetic computation

question

Sex differences in spatial abilities ___.

answer

emerge in early childhood.

question

Kristiana, an eighth grader, believes that her peers will judge her negatively if she does well in math. This is an example of _______.

answer

stereotype threat

question

As with other aspects of semantic development _____ fosters adolescents' understanding of proverbs.

answer

reading proficiency

question

Teenagers use slang______

answer

as a sign of group belonging.

question

Research shows that students rate their ______.

answer

middle- and high school learning experiences less favorably than their elementary school experiences.

question

One strategy for helping adolescents adjust to school transitions it to ____.

answer

set up homerooms in which teachers offer academic and personal counseling.

question

Research on adolescents shows that both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles are linked t _____.

answer

lower grades

question

In nationally representative sample of US adolescents, students' grade point average in tenth grade was strongly predicted by ______.

answer

their parents' school involvement in eighth grade

question

According to one study, integration into the school peer network predicted higher grades among ____.

answer

Caucasians and Hispanics

question

Teenagers' _____ is an aspect of contemporary peer-group life that poses risks to achievement.

answer

use of test messaging and e-mail to remain continuously in touch with peers

question

In a survey of a nationally representative sample of US 8-to 18-year old, ____ reported engaging in two or more media activities at once, some or most of the time.

answer

more than half

question

Proponents of high-stakes testing believe that it _____.

answer

introduces greater rigor into the classroom teaching.

question

Longitudinal research following thousands of US students from eighth to twelfth grade revealed that assignment to a vocational or general education track _____.

answer

decelerates academic progress

question

Research suggest that risk factors that predict later drop out can appear as early as _______.

answer

first grade

question

The most powerful way to prevent school dropout is to ____.

answer

address the academic and social problems of at-risk students in elementary school, and to involve their parents

question

During the fantasy period of vocational development, children ______.

answer

have career preferences based largely on familiarity, glamour, and excitement.

question

Students with academic and behavior problems generally have ____.

answer

neither family nor teacher supports

question

One of the major challenges to implementing an apprenticeship system, in the United States is _____.

answer

overcoming employers' reluctance to assume part of the responsibility for vocational training.

question

When given a task that asses hypothetico-deducting reasoning, school-age children, in contrast to adolescents, ______.

answer

typically fail to notice variables that are not immediately suggested by the concrete materials of the task.

question

A researcher hides a poker chip in her hand and asks participants to indicate whether the following statement is true, false, or uncertain: "Either the chip in my hand is green or it is not green." the researcher is assessing ______.

answer

propositional reasoning

question

Although Piaget did not view ____ as playing a central role in cognitive development, he acknowledged its importance in adolescence.

answer

language

question

Ten-year-old Elliot does not yet understand that the accuracy of conclusions drawn from premises rests on the rules of logic, bit real-world confirmation. Elliot fails to grasp the ______.

answer

logical necessity of propositional reasoning

question

Information-processing findings confirm that scientific reasoning _____.

answer

develops gradually out of different experiences.

question

Sixteen-year-old Michael feels that his experiences are extraordinary and that he is special and unique. He tells his parents, "You'll never understand what it's like to be me!" This is an example of _____.

answer

the personal fable.

question

Fourteen-year-old Octavia is sometimes highly critical of her family, which creates tension with her parents. The best way to respond to Octavia's critical comments is to ____.

answer

be patient and point out positive features of targets

question

In the heat of the moment, when making good decisions requires them to inhibit "feel-good" behavior, adolescents are far more likely than adults to ____.

answer

emphasize short-term goals.

question

Sex differences in ____ are believed to be major contributors to a widening gender gap in college enrollments.

answer

literacy skills

question

Some research suggests that high-achieving African-American boys are particularly likely to have ____.

answer

Fathers who are warm, verbally communicative, and demanding of achievement.

question

Which of the following statements about sex differences in math abilities is true?

answer

Boys start to outperform girls in math during early adolescence, when math concepts become more abstract and spatial.

question

Mastery of ____ gives adolescents new ways to express themselves through language.

answer

sarcasm and irony

question

In US schools, _____, out of favor since the 1970s, is making a comeback.

answer

overt grammar instruction

question

Studies show that as a result of the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school, ______.

answer

many young people feel less academically competent, and their liking for school and motivation declines.

question

To help ease the strain of school transition, parents _______.

answer

can gradually grant their adolescents more autonomy

question

Research on the relationship between employment and academic achievement in adolescence indicates that _____.

answer

job commitment should be limited to less than 15 hours per week

question

Mr. and Mrs. Hun want to know how they can best support their son's high achievement in adolescence. Research indicates that Mr. and Mrs. Hun should ________.

answer

have frequent contact with the school.

question

In classrooms emphasizing competition and public comparison of student, ______.

answer

declines in motivation and self-regulation tend to occur.

question

Research shows that frequent media multitaskers ____.

answer

have a harder time filtering out irrelevant stimuli when they are ot multitasking.

question

Students most likely to score poorly on high-stakes tests are ___.

answer

minority youths living in poverty

question

Breaking out of a low academic track is ____.

answer

difficult, as teachers and counselors often lack the time to reconsider individual cases.

question

Among US young people, about ___ percent leave high school without a diploma.

answer

8

question

Students in ____ are three times as likely to drop out as those in ______.

answer

general education and vocational tracks-college preparatory track

question

In their late teens and early twenties, young people typically crystallize their vocations when they _____.

answer

focus on general vocational category, within which they experiment for a time before steeling on a specific occupation.

question

According to John Holland, the realistic person _____.

answer

prefers working with objects rather than people and tends to choose a mechanical occupation.

question

Young people preparing for or engaged in careers requiring extensive education often report that ___ influenced their choice.

answer

teachers

question

Statistics shows that women _______.

answer

remain concentrated in less-well-paid, traditionally feminine occupations.

question

Compared to several decades ago, non-college bound high school graduates ___.

answer

have fewer work opprotunities

question

Teenagers who are heavily committed to low-level jobs ____ than their peers.

answer

report more drug and alcohol use

question

Bicultural

answer

Identity constructed by adolescents who explore and adopt values from both their subculture and the dominant culture.

question

Ethnic Identity

answer

Aspect of the self that includes sense of ethnic group membership and attitudes associated with that membership.

question

Acculturative Stress

answer

Psychological distress resulting from conflict between the minority culture and the host culture.

question

Identity

answer

A well-organized conception of the self made up of values, beliefs, and goals to which the individual is solidly committed.

question

Postconventional

answer

Kohlber's highest level or moral development in which morality is defines in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies.

question

Diffusion

answer

Identity status of individuals who are exploring alternatives in an effort to fine values and goals to guide their life.

question

Identity Moratorium

answer

Identity status of individuals who have no commitments to values and goals and are not actively trying to reach them.

question

Identity versus role confusion

answer

Erickson's psychological conflict of adolescence.

question

Clique

answer

Small group of 5-8 members who are good friend.

question

Preconventional

answer

Kholber's first level of moral development in which moral understanding is based on rewards, punishments, and the power of authority figures.

question

Gender Intensification

answer

Increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behavior

question

Identity Achievement

answer

Identity status of individuals who have explored and committed themselves to self-chosen values and goals.

question

Conventional

answer

Kholberg's second level of moral development in which moral understanding is based on conforming to social rules to ensure positive relationships and social order.

question

Identity Foreclosure

answer

Identity status of individuals who have accepted ready-made values and goals that authority figures have chosen for them.

question

Moral Self-Relevance

answer

The degree to which morality is central to an individual's self-concept.

question

Crowd

answer

A large, loosely organized consisting of several cliques whose membership is based on reputation and stereotype

question

Erickson was the first to recognize ____ as the major personality achievement of adolescence.

answer

identity

question

Current theorists agree with Erikson that ____.

answer

The questioning of values, plans, and priorities is necessary for a mature identity.

question

Of those young people whose self-esteem declines in adolescence, most are ____.

answer

girls

question

T.J is an identity-diffused teenager. When asked about his career goals, TJ is likely to say, ____.

answer

"I don't know. I haven't really thought about it too much."

question

Research on identity construction indicates that _____.

answer

adolescents who go to work after high school settle on an identity status earlier than college-bound youths.

question

Adolescents in moratorium resemble identity-achieved individuals in ___.

answer

using an active, information-gathering cognitive style.

question

Identity-foreclosed teenagers usually ____.

answer

have close bonds with their parents

question

Thanh's family immigrated to the United States from Vietnam when she was 5. Now, at age 15, Thanh identifies with American culture and resists her parents' efforts to keep her from full assimilation. The conflict between Thanh and her parents is an example of ____.

answer

acculturative stress

question

When confronted with the Heinz dilemma, 14-year-old Andrew reasons, "Heinz should obey the law and not steal the medicine because if everybody just stole whenever they wanted, our whole society would break down." According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, Andrew's answer reflects ____.

answer

a conventional level of moral reasoning.

question

Research on Kohlberg's theory indicates that ______.

answer

few people move beyond stage 4

question

When faced with moral dilemmas, adolescent girls and women _____.

answer

display reasoning at the same stage and often at a higher stage than male agemates.

question

Research on influences on moral reasoning indicates that ______ is a powerful predictor of movement to Kohlberg's stage 6 or higher.

answer

schooling

question

When asked about the causes of social problems such as unemployment or poverty, adolescents with a strong sense of civic responsibility ____.

answer

usually stress situational and societal factors

question

Teenagers affiliated with a religious community ___ than nonaffiliated teenagers.

answer

are more advantaged in moral values and behavior

question

Critics of the pragmatic approach to morality point out that ___.

answer

People frequently rise above self-interest to defend others' rights

question

During the early adolescence, gender intensification is ___.

answer

stronger for girls

question

An improved ability to reason about social relationships leads teenagers to _____.

answer

deidealize their parents

question

Throughout adolescence, the most consistent predictor of mental health is ___.

answer

the quality of the parent-child relationship

question

In adolescence, sibling relationships often become ___.

answer

less intense, in both positive and negative feelings.

question

When asked about the meaning of friendship, teenagers stress three characteristics: _____.

answer

intimacy, mutual understanding, and loyalty.

question

Corumination _____.

answer

triggers anxiety and depression

question

Clique membership ____.

answer

predicts academic and social competence among girls.

question

Between tenth and twelfth grade ______.

answer

deviant high school crowds lose members

question

In early adolescents, dating ______.

answer

is done for recreational purposes, as well as to achieve status among agemates.

question

Which of the following statements about peer conformity is true?

answer

In adolescence, peer pressure to engage in prosocial, proadult behavior is strong.

question

Teenage girls are ___ boys to report persistent depressed mood.

answer

twice as likely as

question

Suicide rates _____.

answer

increase over the lifespan, jumping sharply at adolescnce

question

Teenagers who have committed a law-breaking offense ___.

answer

overwhelmingly become law-abiding citizens

question

Children with early-onset behavior problems ___.

answer

usually decline in aggression over time

question

Compared to several decades ago, today's young people in industrialized nation

answer

Face more complex choices.

question

According to Erikson, the development of identity in adolescence is ______.

answer

experienced as a "crisis" in complex societies.

question

Compared with younger children, adolescents ____ when describing themselves.

answer

more often mention contradictory traits

question

When asked whether he ever had doubts about his religious beliefs, Cody said, "No. I have gone to the same church my whole life, and I know what the truth is and what my values are." Cody is ____.

answer

identity foreclosed

question

Young people who are identity-achieved or in moratorium tend to ____.

answer

be advanced in moral reasoning

question

Identity development _____.

answer

is influenced by a wide variety of factors.

question

Which group of adolescents is most likely to achieve a strong, secure ethnic identity?

answer

monoracial minority adolescents who interact frequently with same-ethnicity peer.

question

To assess moral reasoning, Kohlberg ___.

answer

presented 10- to 16-year-old boys with hypothetical moral dilemmas.

question

When an individual's moral reasoning stems from self-interest, which stage of Kohlberg's theory would best characterize her level of moral understanding?

answer

Stage 2: The instrumental purpose orientation.

question

Follow-up research on Kohlberg's stages of moral understanding reveals that _____.

answer

Kohlberg's moral stages are loosely organized and overlapping.

question

Teenagers who ___ show little or no change in moral reasoning over time.

answer

have parents who lecture or threaten

question

The connection between moral reasoning and moral action is _____.

answer

modest

question

Which of the following statements about youth involvement is community service true?

answer

Low-SES, inner-city youths express interest in community service but score substantially lower than higher-SES youths in civic knowledge and participation.

question

During adolescence, formal religious involvement _____.

answer

declines

question

Androgynous adolescents, particularly girls, tend to be ____.

answer

psychologically healthy

question

Research suggests that in adolescence, urban low-and middle-SES African-American youths ____.

answer

show no decline in hours spent with family.

question

Self-disclosure _____.

answer

between friends rises steadily over the adolescent years.

question

Which of the following is true of gender differences in adolescent friendships?

answer

Boys' friendships tend to focus on achievement and status, and girls' friendships tend to focus on communal concerns.

question

Which of the following teenagers' Internet use poses the most danger?

answer

Scott has conflict with his family and spends a lot of time on the Internet

question

In early adolescence, cliques ____.

answer

are used by girls to express emotional closeness.

question

"jocks," "brains," and "partyers" are examples of ____.

answer

typical high school crowds

question

____ determine when and how adolescent dating begins.

answer

Cultural expectations

question

The first dating relationships of homosexual youths tend to be short-lived and involve little emotional commitment. This is largely because they _____.

answer

fear peer harassment and rejection

question

Research on peer conformity indicates that _____.

answer

adolescents feel the greatest pressure to conform to obvious aspects of the peer culture, such as style of dress.

question

Teenagers who follow parental rules and resist peer pressure tend to have parents who ___.

answer

exert oversight within a supportive environment

question

What is the most common psychological problem of adolescence?

answer

depression

question

Teenage girls who ____ are especially prone to depression.

answer

identify with "feminine" traits

question

Which of the following is true of suicide among teenagers?

answer

Boys are three to four times more likely to kill themselves than girls.

question

Which of the following is a major reason for the decline in delinquency after middle adolescence?

answer

Moral reasoning improves in late adolescence.

question

Which of the following is a consistent finding in research on juvenile delinquency?

answer

Families of delinquent youths tend to be have harsh, inconsistent discipline tactics and low monitoring.

question

_________ is the main factor in transforming biologically based self-control difficulties into long-lasting hostility and defiance.

answer

Inept parenting

question

Commitment within relativistic thinking

answer

the mature individual's formulation of a perspective that synthesizes contradictions between opposing views, rather than choosing between them

question

Dualistic

answer

The view that knowledge is made up of separate beliefs and propositions, whose truth can be determined by comparing them with objective standards

question

Emerging Adulthood

answer

A new period of development, extending from the late teens to the twenties, during which young people have left adolescence but have not yet assumed full adult responsibilities.

question

Hans, a German 20-year-old college student, is asked whether he considers himself to have reached adulthood. Hans is most likely to answer, _____.

answer

"yes and no"

question

American psychologist, Jeffery Arnett, regards emerging adulthood as a ____.

answer

distinct period of life

question

Young people ____ explore alternatives in education, work, personal values, and love more intensely than they did as teenagers.

answer

who have the economic resources to do so

question

Emerging adulthood is a time of _______.

answer

great challenge and uncertainty

question

For more than half of 18- to 25-year-ols in the United States, the preferred way of entering into a committed intimate partnership is _____.

answer

cohabitation

question

Among African-American, Hispanic, and Native-American groups, rates of leaving home are lower because ____.

answer

of poverty and a cultural tradition of extended family

question

In the United States today, about ____ of young people enroll in colleges and universities in the first year after high school graduation.

answer

two-thirds

question

The massive expansion of higher education has _____

answer

delayed financial independence and career commitment

question

Dramatic gains in ___ in prosperous nations have contributed to emerging adulthood.

answer

life expectancy

question

Disagreement exists over whether ____.

answer

emerging adulthood is really a distinct period of development

question

One criticism of the concept of emerging adulthood is that _____.

answer

it fails to describe the experiences of most of the world's young people.

question

Researchers who study ___ thought have found college students make impressive strides in cognition.

answer

postformal

question

To facilitate exploration, college exposes students to ___.

answer

a form of culture shock

question

____ thinking divides information, values, and authority into right and wrong, good and bad, we and they.

answer

Dualistic

question

Brenda gave up the possibility of absolute truth in favor of multiple truths. She views all knowledge as embedded in a framework of thought. Brenda uses ____ thinking.

answer

relativistic

question

When considering which of two television shows deserves an Emmy, Omar moves beyond the stance that everything is a matter of opinion and generates rational criteria against which options can be evaluated. Omar is using ____.

answer

commitment within relativistic thinking

question

Advances in epistemic cognition depend on gains in metacognition, which are more likely to occur in situations that _____.

answer

induce young people to consider the rationality of their thought processes.

question

_____ remain(s) a highly effective basis for education in emerging adulthood.

answer

Peer collaboration

question

During college, students' attitudes and values ______.

answer

broaden

question

Compared to their peers, college students who spend a lot of time exploring in breadth without making commitments tend to be _____.

answer

poorly adjusted

question

According to Erikson, ____ is the major task of the emerging adulthood years.

answer

intimacy

question

About ___ percent of emerging adults have had only one sexual partner in the previous year.

answer

60

question

An important feature of a couple's commitment is ___.

answer

constructive conflict resolution

question

To help realize their career dreams, young people generally ____.

answer

form a relationship with a mentor

question

Women in male-dominated careers _______.

answer

typically have "masculine" careers

question

Many college dropouts ____

answer

leave within the first six weeks

question

Most emerging adults say that ____ is the most important thing in attaining adult status.

answer

constructing a worldview

question

Compared to students not engaged in community service, those who volunteer have a _____.

answer

stronger pluralistic orientation

question

Which of the following is true about religion and spirituality in emerging adulthood?

answer

Many young people begin to construct their own individualized faith.

question

Loneliness ____

answer

can motivate young people to reach out to others.

question

During emerging adulthood, adult milestones ____.

answer

are highly diverse in timing and order across individuals

question

____ of young people who enroll in higher education have earned their bachelor's degree by age 25.

answer

Only about half

question

Today, the majority of Americans view marriage and parenthood as _______.

answer

a means of attaining financial security

question

Together, extended education, delayed career entry, and later marriage lead to ___.

answer

great residential instability

question

Usually, ___ cause(s) 18- to 25- year-olds to return to their parents' hoe for brief periods after first leaving.

answer

role transitions

question

Emerging adulthood is limited to cultures that ____.

answer

postpone entry into adult roles until the twenties

question

_____ college students believe that becoming less self-oriented and conducting oneself responsibly are as important as self-sufficiency.

answer

Mormon

question

In Western nations, for young people who _____, emerging adulthood is limited to nonexistent.

answer

are burdened by early parenthood

question

Some researchers predict that emerging adulthood will become increasingly common as ______ accelerates.

answer

globalization

question

Skeptics note that emerging adulthood is unlikely to become a prominent period of life in ______.

answer

poverty-stricken areas

question

Researchers who study postformal thought maintain that college serves as a(n) ____.

answer

"developmental testing ground"

question

William Perry provided a starting point for an expanding research literature on the development of ______.

answer

epistemic cognition

question

Younger students tend to engage in ___.

answer

dualistic hinking

question

As a result of relativistic thinking, older college students become_____

answer

more flexible and tolerant

question

Eventually, most mature individuals progress to ____.

answer

commitment within relativistic thinking

question

Few college students reach ______

answer

commitment within relativistic thinking

question

Attainment of commitment within relativism occurs more often in young people who _____

answer

pursue advanced graduate education

question

When college students were asked to devise the most effective solution to a difficult logical problem, those who arrived at the best answer worked ____

answer

in a small group

question

Exposure to multiple viewpoints in college _____

answer

encourages young people to look more closely at themselves

question

Emerging adults who move toward exploration in depth and certainty of commitment are _______.

answer

higher in academic adjustment

question

With age, emerging adults' romantic ties involve ____

answer

greater support

question

Success rates for relationships involving couples who meet over the Internet are _____ than with conventional strategies.

answer

much lower

question

Which of the following cohabiting couples is the most likely to break up within two years?

answer

Jane and John, from the United States

question

Mathematically talented college women _________

answer

frequently choose nonscience majors

question

________ with _______ mentors tend to be more successful.

answer

Women - female

question

Racial bias in career opportunities _____

answer

remains strong

question

Analyses of large, nationally representative samples of US young people, suggest that compared to past generations, the Millennial generation reports ________

answer

greater valuing of money

question

Compared to previous generations, fewer younger people today _________.

answer

vote

question

Emerging adults who view their parents as having a(n) _____ style of parenting are more likely to hold religious or spiritual beliefs similar to those of their parents.

answer

authoritative

question

______ has an especially wide-ranging influence on resilience in emerging childhood.

answer

A secure, affectionate parent-emerging adult bond.

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