Psych Chp. 1 – Flashcards
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To help their patients, psychologists seek to control them, that is, to make the patient conform to behavioral standards set up by the psychologist.
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false
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Health psychologists tend not to treat patients with serious psychological disorders.
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false
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Counseling psychologists tend not to treat patients with serious psychological disorders.
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true
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Because it is impossible to see inside the mind, psychologists are unable to verify their theories.
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false
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The sink-or-float test is used in the Middle Ages to determine whether someone was a witch or possessed by demons had its basis in the science of the day.
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true
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Sociocultural theorists recognize that gender is purely a matter of anatomy
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false
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Humanistic psychology, with its emphasis on the importance of consciousness, grew out of the work of Sigmund Freud
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false
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Psychologists cannot prescribe medication to a client but psychiatrists can
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true
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BF Skinner believed that the positive consequences of a behavior lead to a greater chance of the behavior being repeated.
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true
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Behaviorists believe that your environment and repetition greatly affect learning while social-learning specialists say that observation and experience are important
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true
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Psychologist who introduced the concept of reinforcement
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BF Skinner
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Mental process, such as a dream or memory
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cognitive activity
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Contemporary psychological approach that emphasizes study of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status
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sociocultural perspective
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Philosopher who stressed the importance of introspection
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Plato
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School of psychology that describes experience as a whole rather than down into parts
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Gestalt psychology
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action that can be observed or measured
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behavior
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Contemporary school of psychology interested in information processing
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cognitive perspective
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Early psychologist who influenced the psychoanalytic perspective
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Sigmund Freud
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Philosopher who wrote Peri Psyches
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Aristotle
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Established the world's first psychology laboratory
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Type of psychologist interested in the effects of the workplace on productivity
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industrial-organizational
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Areas studied by sociocultural theorists
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economic status and gender
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Early learning theory that says people learn when new experiences remind them of old ones
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associationism
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Belief that people choose to emulate what they have observed
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social-learning theory
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Contemporary school of psychology influenced by Charles Darwin
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evolutionary perspective
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scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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Psychology
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observe, describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
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Main goals of psychology
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Methods widely used by psychologists
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surveys and experiments
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In what field do most psychologists practice?
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clinical
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internal-focusing psychologists
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personality
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external-focusing psychologists
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social
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clarify their goals, meet challenges, overcome causes for behavior
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things counseling psychologists encourage their patients to do
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type of psychologist that helps students who have difficulty with learning and behavior in the classroom
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school
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examining one's own thoughts and feelings
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introspection
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According to Gestalt scientists, much of learning is accomplished with _____
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sudden insight
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Practitioners believed ____ to be the cause of behavior in the early days of psychoanalysis
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unconscious motives and conflicts
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According to the school of behavioralism, _____ is a scientific study of observable behavior
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psychology
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____ gained his understanding of human behavior in consultations with patients, unique from other psychologists at that time
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Freud
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____ psychologists work in product design
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human factors
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Tony has been feeling tired even though he has been sleeping more than usual, has been having trouble concentrating, has lost interest in his past favorite activities. What kind of psychologist should he see?
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clinical
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____ are primarily concerned with how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment
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functionalists
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____ is the term used to refer to Freud's theory that most of what exists in an individual's mind is unconscious?
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psychodynamic thinking
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Type of psychologist that might testify about the psychological competence of defendants in a trial
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forensic
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School of psychology that looks at the basic elements of conscious experience
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structuralism
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founder of the school of behaviorism
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Watson
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Founded structuralism
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Wundt
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Wrote the first modern psychology textbook
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James
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School of psychology that emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior
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learning perspectives
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Who rejected structuralism and instead focused on how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment?
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James
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What school of psychology is concerned primarily with human consciousness, experience and self-awareness?
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humanistic
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You imagine yourself taking the exam, relaxed and calm, answering all the questions. What psychological method are you using?
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positive visualization
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what is the goal of the psychological theory?
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predicting behavior or mental processes
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who believe that we are conditioned to behave like we do?
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behaviorists
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who believe behavior is a result of free choice?
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humanists
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How did Wilhelm Wundt break down consciousness?
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objective sensations and tridimensional feelings
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What ancient Greek physician believed that confusion and bizarre behavior are centered in biological issues?
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Hippocrates
