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Who seeks treatment, who benefits from psychotherapy, and who practices psychotherapy

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Therapists treat people of all ages and social, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds. Individuals with anxiety and those with minor and temporary problems are the most likely to benefit from therapy. Socioeconomic status, gender and ethnicity predict who will seek psychotherapy

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Psychotherapy

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psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional behavioral and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives

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Women or men more likely to seek treatment? Hispanic americans or nonhispanic?

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Women/ nonhispanics

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Professionals vs paraprofessionals. What it takes to be an effective therapist

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Unlicensed parapros with no formal training as well as licenses pros can be equally effective as trained therapists. Showing warmth, selecting important topics to discuss, not contradicting clients, and establishing a positive relationship are more important determinants of a therapists effectiveness than is being formally trained.

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Core beliefs and criticisms of psychodynamic therapies

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core beliefs of psychodynamic therapies are the importance of (a) analyzing unconscious conflicts, wishes, fantasies, impulses, and life patterns. (b) childhood experiences, including traumatic and adverse life events (c) the therapeutic relationship (d) acquiring insight. Evidence for psychodynamic therapies is based largely on small and highly select patient samples, anecdotal studies, and the questionable curative value of insight, although controlled studies suggest that these therapies may be helpful in some cases

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Free association

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clients are allowed to express themselves without censorship of any sort

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Neo-freudians and emphasis of subconscious

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placed less importance on it than did freudians

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Individuation

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According to Jung, is the integration of opposing aspects of the patient's personality into a harmonious whole, namely, the self.

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Critics of psychodynamic therapy

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Assert that understanding our emotional history isn't require to relieve psychological distress

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Effectiveness on schizophrenia

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not effective

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Describe and evaluate the effectiveness of humanistic therapies

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Hold that self actualization is a universal drive and adopt an experience based approach in which clients work to fulfill their potential. Research suggests that genuinness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding are related to improvement but not necessary and sufficient conditions for effective psychotherapy.

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Roger's person-centered therapy

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the therapist uses reflection to communicate empathy to the client. He believed that therapists must express unconditional positive regard, a nonjudgmental acceptance of all feelings, thoughts and behaviors the client expresses. Some studies have shown that this is not much more affective than a placebo treatment

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Two-chair technique used by Gestalt therapists

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aims to integrate aspects of the clients personality such as the good boy and the spoiled brat.

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List the advantages of group methods

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Span all schools of pscyhotherapy and are efficient, time-saving, and less costly than individuals. Participants learn from others' experiences, benefit from feedback, and modeling others, and discover that problems and suffering are widespread.

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Effectiveness

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They are as helpful as individuals.

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Research evidence concerning the effectiveness of AA

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No more effective than other treatments. Research suggests that controlled drinking approaches can be effective with some people with alcoholism.

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Adaptive social network

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a key to success in AA

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abstinence violation

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why relapse prevention teaches people to not feel shame if they relapse, to avoid this.

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Identify different approaches to treating the dysfunctional family system

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Family therapies treat problems in te family system. Strategic family therapists remove barriers to effective communication whereas structural family therapists plan changes in the way family interactions are structured

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Strategic family interventions

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designed to remove barriers to effective communication

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Structural family therapy

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therapist is actively involved in the everyday activities of the family to change the structure of their interactions

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Characteristics of behavior therapy and identify different behavioral approaches

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behavior therapy is grounded in the scientific method and based on learning principles. Exposure therapoies confront people with their fears. Exposure therapy can be gradual and stepwise or start with the most frightening scene imaginable. Modeling techniques based on observational learning principles, include behavioral rehearsal and role-playing to foster assertiveness. Token economies and aversion therapies (uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesired behavior) are based on operant conditioning and classical conditioning principles, respectively.

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Exposure therapy

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class of procedures that confronts patients with what they fear with the goal of reducing this fear

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systematic desensitization

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clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner

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Vivo exercise therapy

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Clients gradually approach and handle any fears, as these clients are doing as they overcome their fear of flying. involves real life gradual exposure to what the patient actually fears rather than imagining the anxiety provoking situation

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flooding

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prolonged period patients are exposed right away to images of stimuli they fear the most. a crucial component is response prevention which is where the therapist blocks clients from performing their typical avoidance behaviors.

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participant modeling

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the therapist first models a problematic situationand then guides the client through steps to cope with it

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token economy programs

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desirable behaviors are rewarded through the consistent application of operant conditioning principles.

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features of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT and third wave therapies

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CBTherapists modify irrational and negative beliefs and disrorted thoughts that contribute to unhealthy feelings and behaviors. Ellis;s rational emotive behavior therapy, beck's cognitive therapy, and meichenbaums stress inoculation training are influential variations of CBT. so called third wave CBT approaches include mindfulness and acceptance based psychotherapies.

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Eliils rational emotive behavior therapy

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emphasizes that our belief systems play a key role in how we function psychologically

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Meichenbaums stress inoculation training

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therapists teach clients to prepare for and cope with future stressful life events

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Are all psychotherapies effective?

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Many are, some including behavioral and cognitive behavioral treatments are more effective than other treatments for specific problems such as anxiety. Still, others like crisis debriefing appear to be harmful in some cases

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Medications

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psychopharmacotherapy

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Dismantling

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Research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a larger treatment

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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Treatment for serious psychological problems in which patients receive brief electrical pulses to the brain that produce a seizure

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Empirically supported treatment (EST)

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Intervention for specific disorders supported by high quality scientific evidence

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Insight therapies

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grasping the underlying nature of a problem

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Meta-anaylsis

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statistical method that helps researchers interpret large bodies of psychological literature

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Psychosurgery

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Brain surgery to treat psychological problems

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Resistance

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Attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions, impulses

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Transference

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Act of projecting intense, unrealistic feelings and expectations from the past onto the therapist

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