Psych Chapter 12 Study Plan Pre and Post Test – Flashcards
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scapegoats are
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typically members of the out-group.
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Justin walks into the morning meeting 15 minutes late. His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Marco is using an example of:
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situational case
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Shawn and Tanya start talking after they've ridden on the dorm elevator several times together. This is an example of which rule of attraction?
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proximity
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Cindy tastes peas for the first time and realizes she does not like them. Cindy formed her attitude about peas through the process of:
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direct contact
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Karen intentionally tries to hurt Lisa by spreading rumors about her. Karen is engaging in:
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aggression
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Jim jumped into the ocean to save a drowning man, risking his own life in the process. He did so without any expectation of reward or getting anything in return for his actions. This is an example of:
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altruism
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If your roommate asks you for a ride to campus and you agree, and then the next day asks if he can borrow your car, this is an example of the:
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foot-in-the-door-technique
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The fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to _____.
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the perceived presence of multiple witnesses
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_______ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for action or inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.
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diffusion of responsibility
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The sadistic behavior of the "guards" in Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Study:
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highlighted the influence that a social role can have on ordinary people.
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A person tries to change the belief, opinion, or course of action of another person through:
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persuasion
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People can reduce cognitive dissonance by:
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forming new cognitions to justify their behavior.
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Which of the following statements best describes attitudes?
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Attitudes are learned through experiences as we live and work with others
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In the Milgram study and several similar studies, _____ percent of the participants went all the way up to the 450-volt shock level.
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65
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A person demanding _______ has power or authority to command a behavioral change, rather than just ask for a change.
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obedience
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In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to
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give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task
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The war in Iraq, the design of the ship Titanic, and the Challenger disaster are all given in the textbook as examples of:
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groupthink
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Research on conformity suggests that if a _____ response is required, ______ show more conformity than ______.
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public;women;men
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Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love says that companionate love consists of:
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intimacy and commitment
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According to Sternberg, love consists of intimacy, passion, a
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commitment
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Some research suggests that ______ is one of the main factors that influence people's choices for selecting people they want to know better.
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physical attractiveness
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In the Latane and Darley smoke-filled room study, participants were most likely to report the smoke when:
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they were the only ones in the room
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When parents tell their children that smoking cigarettes is dangerous and unhealthy, and the children develop negative attitudes toward smoking, this is an example of:
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direct instruction
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Jim jumped into the ocean to save a drowning man, risking his own life in the process. He did so without any expectation of reward or getting anything in return for his actions. This is an example of:
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altruism
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Harry's friend Logan studies a lot, so Harry assumes that Logan is smart. Harry's belief is based on:
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implicit personality theory
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the fact that Kitty Genovese did not receive help was most likely due to _____.
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the perceived presence of multiple witnesses
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In Sternberg's theory, _______ encompasses the physical aspects of love.
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passion
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_______ love, based on many years of shared responsibilities and experiences, is what binds many marriages together.
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companionate
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In one study, college students liked another student simply because they were told that the other student liked them. This is an example of which rule of attraction?
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reciprocity
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In Solomon Asch's study, confederates were instructed to:
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give the incorrect answer to the line-matching task
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The door-in-the-face technique involves:
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asking for a large commitment and then, after being refused, asking for a smaller commitment.
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As we interact with others on a daily basis, our behavior, feelings, and thoughts are often guided by:
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social influence
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In explaining our own behavior, we tend to use situational rather than personal attributions. Such a phenomenon is known as:
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the actor-observer bias
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Studies have found that the _____ is particularly active when people have made a decision that reduces dissonance and then acted on that decision.
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left frontal cortex
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