psych ch 12 – Flashcards

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new mother's scores on a measure of extreme stress should correlate ____ with their infants' birth weights
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negatively
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among police officers, the frequency of chronic work stressors is ____ associated with PTSD symptoms
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positively
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Eustress is to distress as ___ is to ____
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positive; negative
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data from the American Psychological Association indicates that Americans' top two sources of stress are
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money and work
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according to the text, ____ of research articles have linked stress and heart disease
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tens of thousands
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daily exercise is associated with
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both physical and health and mood
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catecholamines are to corticosteriods as ____ is to _____
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epinephrine; cortisol
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when catecholamines are released in the human body
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digestion slows
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Nielson and colleagues found that among men, stress intensity was_____ associated with the likelihood of colorectal cancer
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positively, but not strongly
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which type of correlation might one expect between scores on a hardiness questionnaire and scored on a measure of optimism
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a strong positive one
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based on the textbook's definition of health psychology, one can infer that health psychologist generally adhere to a ___ perspective
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biopsychosocial
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which sequence correctly orders the stages of the general adaption syndrome, from first to last
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alarm>resistance >exhaustion
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cortisol___ one's response to immediate danger. It _____ immune system functioning when its levels remain high for a prolonged period of timme
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improves; impairs
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biofeedback os a practical legacy of the ___perspective in psychology
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behavioral
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which behavior is correctly matched with an adjective used to describe it
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type b- cooperative
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the notion that some degree of stress may be a good thing is MOST consistent with the ______ theory of motivation, and LEAST consistent with the _____ theory
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arousal;drive
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____ coping is to addressing work problems with a colleague as ___ coping is to talking to your hair stylist about all of the problems at work
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problem focused; emotion focused
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stimulus is to response as ____ is to ____
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stressor; stress
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everyday experiences that usually make people happy are called
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uplifts
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the textbook suggests that people smoke to ease stress and to improve their mood, in the language of operant conditioning, stress relief maintains smoking through ______. An improved mood maintains smoking through
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negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement
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on one scale, higher scales indicate a more internal locus of control. Based on research described in the text, how might scored on this test correlate with scores on health assessments
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positively
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one limitation of the Social readjustment rating scale is that it
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relied on the repsondents memory of events
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Neilson et al conducted a large scale prospective study of the link between stress and colorectal cancer among both men and women, the researchers found that stress
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had opposite associations to colorectal cancer for men and women
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the textbook states that "smokers report that they smoke more cigs in response to stessors. : this result is MOST likely derives from ___ research
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survey
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Field and Diego report that prenatal stressors are associated with fussing and crying in babies. This finding suggests the hypothesis that prenatal stress many be related to a____ temperament in infancy
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difficult
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at which state of Selye's general adaption model (GAS) are individuals MOST likely to show the negative consequences of stress
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exhaustion
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The British Cohort Study explored the relationship between locus of control and health outcomes. To express this relationship, the investigators probably computed at lease on ____ coeffcient
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correlation
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Nielson and collegues found that among women, stress intesity was ____ associated with the likelihood of colorectal cancer
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negatively
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which statement is true
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emotion focused coping may be more effective than problem focused coping when the situation is uncontrollable
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an elevated risk of hear disease is associated with
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both job stress and social evaluative threat
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among older married adults, the frequency of helping others is _____ correlated with mortality rates
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negatively
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Kim is aggressive, competitive, and ambitious. Lonnie is relaxed, cooperative, and patient. Morrie is anxious, tense, and pessimistic. Which individual is correctly paired with the behavior pattern he or she reflects
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Lonnie- Type B
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the correlation between the duration of stress and the risk of a cold is
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positive
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problem focused coping is to ____ as emotion focused coping is to _____
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getting a deadline extended; binge drinking
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Juan feels caught "between a rock and a hard place" A psychologist would say that Juan is experiencing a ____ conflict
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avoidance-avoidance
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of those people who have experienced a "psychological truama," how many actually develop PTSD
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a tiny minority
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B lynphocytes are formed in the
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bone marrow
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the textbook states that many people with PTSD attempt to avoid the environmental cues associated with the truama. In the lanuage of classical conditioning, these cues are
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negative reinforcers
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when a threatening situation occurs, the ____ nervous system becomes active. When the threat is over, the ____ nervous system becomes active
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sympathetic; parasympathetic
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One's initial assessment of an event as challenging or stressful is called ____ appraisal. One's assessment of how to respond to the event is called ____ appraisal
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primary; secondary
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coritisol is secreted by the
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adrenal glands
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when a stressful situation occurs, the brain's ____ activates the ____ nervous system
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hypothalamus; sympathetic
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individuals who believe they control their own fates display an ____ locus of control
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internal
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the pioneering stress theorist___ proposed the general adaption syndrome to describe the body's response of stressors
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Hans Selye
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the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abilities used to manage a challenge or threat is called
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coping
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the component of the Type A pattern MOST strongly linked to coronary heart disease is that of
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hostility
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a study examining the link between life events and breast cancer found that
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the death of a spouse was modestly associated with breast cancer
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chronic stress is ____ associated with the risk of illnesses involving inflammation
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positively
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which stage of the general adaptation syndrome is correctly matched with its description
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alarm- perceiving a threat or stressor
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which type of conflict is matched with its definition
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approach-avoidance- a conflict involving a situation with attractive an unattractive features
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Dr. Alastair examines the relationship among psychological factors, the immune system, and the nervous system. Dr.Alastair is a
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psychoneuroimmunologist
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the field of health psychology gained momentum in the
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1960s
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stress may impair the production of disease fighting while blood cells called
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lymphocytes
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stress has been linked to suppression of both ____ and _____ in the immune system
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T lymphocytes; NK cells
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macrophages are cells that
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hunt and consume harmful invaders in the body
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according to the textbook, biofeeback is MOST useful in reducing ____ among _____
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headache and chronic pain; all age groups
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the HPA system oversees the sympathetic nervous system's repsonse to stress. The "H" and "P" in the acronym stand for the _____ and the _____ gland
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hypothalamus; pituitary
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many forms of ___ emphasize control and awareness of ones breathing
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meditation
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Ellen recieves a large tip from a customer. Ellen has experienced a
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uplift
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the interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between behavioral and biomedical science is known as
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health psychology
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in a ____ conflict, an individual must decide between two alternative, each possessing both appealing and unappealing qualities
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double approach avoidance
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which type A characteristics are MOST associated with an increased risk for coronary disease and heart attacks
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anger and hostility
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when an individual clings to his or her original culture and fails to adapts to a new one, he or she is taking the ___ approach to acculturation
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separation
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T lmyphocytes are to the ____ as B lymphocytes are to the ____
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thymus; bone marrow
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following an ugly confrontation with a coworker, Simon seeks sympathy from is friends. Simon is practicing ____ coping
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emotion focused
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Brendan must give an oral presentation at the start of his class in 10 minutes. In response to this threat
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catecholamines are secreted
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according to the stress inoculation hypothesis, one might obtain a _____ function if one were to graph to the relationship between major life events and illness
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u shaped
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the textbook describes research examining the effects of cortisol on police officers' performance on simulated tasks. Compared to its effect on police officers' working memory, cortisol's effect on the officer's ability to determine whether a perpetrator had a weapon was
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the opposite
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Casey and his wife Courtney are both trying to quit smoking cigs, All else being equal, Courtney is MORE likely than Casey to experience each of these EXCEPT
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cig cravings
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Siobhan useally has two or three cocktails in the late afternoon to "take the edge off" the stress created by her demanding job. Siobhan's behavior illustrates the ____ hypothesis
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self medication
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This morning, Barb must not only finish research paper due this afternoon but also prepare a presentation for her evening class tonight. Today's short term stressors should ____ the number of NK cells, thereby _____ immune system functioning
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increase; enhancing
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_____ release antibodies that fight bacterial infections
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B lymphocytes
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Evan is considering two part time jobs.....
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double approach avoidance
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Sydney is on her way to a meeting with her boss. Responding to this anxiety provoking situation, Sydney's
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blood flows to her muscles
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___ lymphocytes attack cancer cells, viruses, and other foreign substances
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T
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Maya owes the credit card company $20,000.....
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exhaustion
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type A personality is to Type B personality as ____ is to ____
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aggressive; nonaggressive
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Mrs. Jones has been caring for her terminally ill mother for a year now. She has continued to work at a demanding job, and she has three active teenagers. These long term stressors should ____ the number of NK cells, thereby _____ immune system
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decrease; impairing
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dissociative symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder include
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distorted perceptions of the world
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NK cells
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prevent the spread of infection
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according to the textbook, which of these scales may be outdated
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both of these scales mat be outdated
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which is NOT one of the physiological responses to stress
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digestion increases
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the textbook notes that alcohol is frequently used to "counteract the negative feelings associated with stress." in the language of operant conditioning, alcohol use is therefore often maintained by
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negative reinforcement
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___ provides visual or auditory information about biological processes, allowing an individual to learn to control his or her physiological processes
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biofeedback
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in increases rick of heart disease is associated with the ____ personality
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type A
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people who are easygoing, relaxed, and don't let things bother them are classidfied as
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type B
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misplacing one's keys is an example of
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daily hassle
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insecure, negative, and anxious personality traits are characteristics of which personality style
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Type D
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the negative development of stress become apparent during
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prenatal development
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in psychology of health and stress, Hans Selye is associated with the study of
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the general adaptation syndrome
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among children, the level of conflict in the home is ____ associated with cortisol levels
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positively
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the Hassles and Uplifts Scale was created by
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DeLongis and colleagues
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which concept is correctly matched with its definition
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eustress- the stress response to agreeable or pleasant events
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Holmes and Rahe were among the first to propose a link between
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life events and stress
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a standard in the American songbook is Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler's "Between the devil and the deep blue sea. " This song title refers to a _____ conflict
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avoidance-avoidance
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the relationship between smoking cigs and improves mood is
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confirmed by correlational research, but disconfirmed by experimental research
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T lymphocytes are to the ____ as B lymphocytes are to the _____
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thymus; bone marrow
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Stefan receives an unexpected bill. He decides to contact the creditor to work out a payment plan. Stefan's response illustrates
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secondary appraisal
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according to Holmes and Rahe
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major life events have a cumulative effect on stress
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Donald takes 15 min lunch breaks, goes to the bathroom only when he must, has to have his cell phone with him at all time, checks his Blackberry the moment he wakes up, and puts in 14 hour days at the office. Donald is a _____ personality
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type A
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recall the Big Five personality dimensions. Type D individuals are likely to be high in
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neuroticism
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which statement if false
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there is no evidence that meditation is associated with changes in the brain
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the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has _____ cross cultural validity
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substantial
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T lymphocytes mature in the
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thymus
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physiologically, exercise ___ blood flow and activates the ____ nervous system
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increases; autonomic
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despite growing up in an environment characterized by unemployment, violence, drug abuse, and poverty, Geoff finished college and is successful and thriving today. Geof exhibits
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hardiness
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Anders owns a struggling coffee shop and has just received devastating news....
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alarm
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socioeconomic status is ____ correlated with scores on measures of health
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positively
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when an individual not only retains elements of his or her original culture but also adapts to elements of a new one, he or she is adopting the _____ approach to acculturation
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integration
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PTSD most often results from
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cataclysmic events
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the Social Readjustment Rating Scale was most popular in the
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1960s and 1970s
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according to the textbook, the tendency to rely on alcohol to cope with daily hassles is especially pronounced among
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adolescents
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Marisol is learning to control her heart rate and respiration while viewing visual displays of these processes. Marisol is using
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biofeedback
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"Always look on the bright side of life," advises a Tin Pan Alley standard. This lyric is promoting _____ coping
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emotion focused
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which of the following statements about stress is true
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stress depends to a large extent on how events are interpreted
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an increase of fatty deposits, inflammation, and scar tissue within artery walls is called
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atherosclerosis
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based on the textbooks discussion, what is the MOST reasonable conclusion regarding the link between stress and ulcers
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stress may or may not be related to ulcers- the result from empirical research are mixed
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