psych ch 10 – Flashcards
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Social psychology is the scientific study of how a person's behavior, thoughts, and feelings are influenced by what
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social pschology
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Changing one's own behavior to match that of other people is called
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conformity
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The main task of the participants in Solomon Asch studies was top do what?
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to see if people fail at conformity
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It is 1951, and you are required to participate in a perception experiment. You join seven others seated in a room. You are shown a 10-inch test line and must choose the line that matches it in length from a choice of three lines. The experimenter, Solomon Asch, is studying
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in fromity
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Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies
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...
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Asch's studies showed that overall conformity to group pressure occurred about __________ of the time.
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one third
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When members of a group give priority to the cohesiveness of the group over the facts of a situation, they are engaging in what social psychologists call
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group think
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An example of ______________________ was NASA's decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger despite widespread concerns about its booster rockets
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group think
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Behavior that is initiated or changed in response to a request as opposed to a command or direct order is an example
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compliance
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is a change of behavior in response to a direct request. p. 349
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compliance
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What term is used to describe compliance with an initial small request followed by compliance with a larger request?
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foot in the door technique
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The tendency of people to comply with a second, lesser request after refusing a larger one is called the ________
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door in the face technique
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A dealer persuades a customer to buy a new car by reducing the price to well below that of his competitors. Once the customer has agreed to buy the car, the terms of the sale are shifted by lowering the value of the trade-in and requiring the purchase of expensive extra equipment. Now the car costs well above the current market rate. This is an example of the ________________________ technique
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lowball technique
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One form of the norm of reciprocity is when the merchant offers more than the consumer asks for. This is called the ___________ technique
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that's not all technique
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At the supermarket, a demonstrator gives away free samples of a new pizza. He also gives each taster a coupon worth $1 off his or her grocery bill. This manufacturer is depending on the social process of _______________________________ to increase sales
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norm of reciprocity
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What is a difference between obedience and conformity
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behavior is after a comand
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The study of obedience took on a renewed importance in the wake of
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Nazi germany
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Naïve subjects in the Stanley Milgram experiment were given the opportunity to administer shocks to helpless victims. What was the maximum voltage that could be administered in one shock
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450
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Analysis of the participants in Milgram's obedience study has indicated that which personality trait was highly related to the willingness to be obedient
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...
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response, either positive or negative, toward a certain person, idea, object, or situation is called
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attitude
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An attitude has ____ major components
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three
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. If Professor Jameson is most interested in studying what you believe about an object or topic, then she is focusing on the _____________________ component of attitudes.
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affective component
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Attitude formation is the result of a number of influences. What they have in common is that they are all forms of
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learning
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I really dislike Walt Disney World. Whenever I take the kids there, I realize how much I really dislike that place." Which method of attitude formation is involved in this example?
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direct contact
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Kerry's positive attitude toward China, even though she has never been there, seems to be related to the fact that her mother is Chinese and talks about China all the time with Kerry. Which method of attitude formation is involved in this example? p. 355
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direct instructional
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What process describes the use of social influence to cause other people to change their beliefs, opinions, positions, or actions?
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persuasion
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A state of tension that occurs when a person's attitudes do not match the person's actions is
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cognitive dissonancce
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What is the term for the process of developing our first knowledge about another person
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impression formation
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The primacy effect, as it relates to impression formation, is more commonly known as
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first impression does count
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Which term refers to a set of characteristics believed to be shared by all members of a particular group?
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sterotype
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Why do we engage in the stereotyping of people? p. 360
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to reduce amount of information
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Your best friend has been acting rather coolly toward you lately. As you try to figure out why, you are engaging in the process called
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attribution
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A group of Ray's friends have been waiting for Ray for an hour. One says, "He never remembers anything." Another says, "He's probably caught in rush hour traffic." What are these friends doing that might be of interest to a social psychologist?
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attribution
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Look, Officer, I didn't see the stop sign back there because the sun was in my eyes." The police officer responds, "You were not paying attention." How would a social psychologist describe this situation?
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situational cause
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Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. Alex says to his friend, "That man is incredibly rude." A social psychologist who is within earshot jots down a note so she can use the example in class. What does she write concerning Alex? p. 361
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fundamental attribution error
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What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation?
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dispotional cause
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Ralph, a white student who grew up in Maine, is about to enter the University of Southern California on an athletic scholarship. He is aware that many of his teammates will be African American and assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him. Ralph's attitude is BEST described as an example
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prejudice
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Prejudice is a(n) ___________________, whereas discrimination is a(n)
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attitude , behavior
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Luther operates a small nightclub that specializes in soul music and features up-and-coming African American singing groups. He actively discourages white couples from coming in and always gives them the worst seats if they insist on being admitted. Luther's behavior is BEST described as an example of
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discrimination
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. A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. The loan officer's belief is an example of __________________________. His refusal to grant them loans is an example of ___________________.
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prejudice, discrimination
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A social group of people viewed as competitors, enemies, or different and unworthy of respect is a(n
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out groups
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The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n
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in groups
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What was the grade level of the students with whom Jane Elliott performed her famous blue eye-brown eye demonstration
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second grade
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What historical event prompted Jane Elliott to begin the blue eye-brown eye project with her students?
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assaination of MLK
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What term do social psychologists use for the process of making people in an out-group responsible for the problems of people in the in-group?
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scape goat
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Scapegoats are usually the group of people with
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the least power
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The part of a person's self-concept that is based on his or her identification with a nation, culture, or ethnic group or with gender or other roles in society is called
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social identification thoery
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A college instructor's schedule has her teaching an honors section of psychology. Halfway through the semester, she is told that her class was NOT an honors section after all. She responds, "This is the best class I have ever taught, and the grades prove it." What concept might a social psychologist use to explain the high grades this class obtained and the teacher's high opinion of the class?
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sterotype
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The tendency of one's expectations to affect one's behavior in such a way as to make the expectation more likely to occur is called what?
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self fulfilling prophecy
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What term do psychologists use to describe our liking of other people?
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interpersonal attraction
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"I adore the girl next door." This phrase refers to what rule of attraction?
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proximity
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Birds of a feather" is a phrase that refers to
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romantic love
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Which type of love is defined as intimacy and passion only?
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similarity
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Herbie and Irene have been married for almost 55 years. Through it all they have remained committed to each other and have been as close as two people can be. Over the years the passion has waned but they still stayed together. Sternberg would call this type of love
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companionate love
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The hormone associated with aggression seems to be ___________.
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testosterone
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What actual event could have been predicted based on the results of Zimbardo's classic study at Stanford University?
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zimbardo
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What term refers to helping behavior that is performed voluntarily for the benefit of another person, with no anticipation of reward
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altruism
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What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around who are also potential helpers?
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bystander effect
