psych 3 exam – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Psychologists use the term ____________ when they are referring to the unique and relatively enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual.
answer
personality
question
Which of the following is true about personality? A. The idea of one's personality refers to the average behavior expected of people.
answer
Personality is about individual differences.
question
Which of the following best applies to the definition personality?
answer
It is relatively consistent.
question
According to the concept of personality, the ____________ of a person is the disposition to behave consistently in a particular way.
answer
trait
question
____________ is the point at which one moves from not having a particular response to having one.
answer
A behavioral threshold
question
The quantitative trait loci approach looks for the location of specific bits of DNA on particular genes that might be associated with particular traits. These specific bits of DNA are also known as ___________ of behavior.
answer
genetic markers
question
Sigmund and Anna Freud described psychological ____________ as strategies that the mind develops to protect itself from anxiety-provoking desires, thoughts, and memories.
answer
defense mechanisms
question
Alfred Adler disagreed with Freudian theory, suggesting that ____________ is the major motivator of all behavior.
answer
striving for superiority
question
Carl Jung proposed that the ____________ consisted of the shared experiences of our ancestors—God, mother, life, death, water, earth, aggression, survival—that have been transmitted from generation to generation.
answer
collective unconscious
question
The humanistic movement was rekindled in the 1990s and relabeled ___________.
answer
positive psychology
question
According to Carl Rogers, ____________ is the ability to respect and appreciate another person irrespective of their behavior.
answer
unconditional positive regard
question
Which of the following trait theory psychologists used the idea that language would be a good place to start looking for the number of personality traits that existed?
answer
Gordon Allport
question
The main idea behind Hans Eysenck's model of personality is that:
answer
differences in individuals' genome create a different level of arousal and sensitivity to stimulation.
question
In which of the following methods of personality assessment are participants provided an ambiguous stimulus or situation and asked to interpret it or tell a story about what they see?
answer
Projective tests
question
The existence of two or more disorders at the same time is called _____.
answer
comorbidity
question
Identify the major psychological disorder that occurs when psychological symptoms take a physical form even though no physical causes can be found.
answer
Somatic symptom disorder
question
_____ disorder is a major psychological disorder that involves a sudden loss of memory or change of identity.
answer
Dissociative
question
_____ disorders include depressive disorders and bipolar disorders.
answer
Mood
question
Which of the following major psychological disorders is characterized by distorted thoughts and perceptions, odd communication, inappropriate emotion, and other unusual behaviors?
answer
Schizophrenia
question
Which of the following are disorders of thought and perception, characterized by an inability to distinguish between real and imagined perceptions?
answer
Cyclothymic disorders
question
Andy is a schizophrenic who has bizarre perceptual experiences such as hallucinations and delusional thinking. These symptoms are known as _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.
answer
positive
question
_____ are convincing sensory experiences that occur in the absence of an external stimulus.
answer
Hallucinations
question
Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
answer
catatonia
question
Jerry is suffering from schizophrenia. His friends and family find it difficult to derive meaning from his speech although he follows grammatical rules while forming sentences. His speech comprises of random words and names which have no relation to the context of the situation. He coins new words that are not commonly accepted. Which of the following best describes his speech?
answer
Word salad
question
According to the diathesis-stress model:
answer
biological predispositions plus stress or abusive environments together produce psychological disorders.
question
_____ is a neurotransmitter majorly involved in the development of schizophrenia.
answer
Dopamine
question
Which of the following is recommended if one wants to alleviate the symptoms of depression?
answer
Medications that make more serotonin available in the brain to stimulate neural growth
question
_____ disorder is a mood disorder characterized by substantial mood fluctuations, cycling between very low and very high moods.
answer
Bipolar
question
If Robert suffers from bipolar disorder, which of the following neurochemical conditions will be observed in his case?
answer
Low serotonin levels coupled with low levels of norepinephrine in the depressed phase
question
_____ is characterized by an overwhelming sense of impending doom, heart palpitations, trembling, sweating, shortness of breath, dizziness, intense dread, nausea, and even a fear of dying.
answer
A panic attack
question
What has research on the causes of anxiety revealed?
answer
People prone to anxiety are deficient in receptors for GABA.
question
Which of the following is an example of the biological form of treatment to help alleviate the symptoms of and sometimes cure psychological disorders?
answer
Surgical treatments
question
Which of the following side effects of traditional antipsychotics consists of repetitive, involuntary movements of jaw, tongue, face and mouth, and body tremors?
answer
Tardive dyskinesia
question
The _____ were among the first pharmaceuticals used to treat depression.
answer
monoamine oxidase inhibitors
question
Atypical antipsychotics like clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone are used to treat _____.
answer
schizophrenia
question
Which of the following drugs interact with many foods and common over-the-counter drugs to produce side effects such as a life threatening increase in blood pressure?
answer
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
question
In the context of drug therapies, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work by:
answer
inhibiting the reuptake process of serotonin and allowing more serotonin to bind with the postsynaptic neuron.
question
Which of the following is performed in a radical procedure known as prefrontal lobotomy?
answer
Connections between the prefrontal cortex and the lower portion of the brain are severed.
question
Under which of the following circumstances is electroconvulsive therapy used?
answer
To treat depression when other treatments have failed
question
In ___________________, physicians expose particular brain structures to bursts of high-intensity magnetic fields instead of electricity to treat depression.
answer
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
question
___________________ is the use of psychological techniques to modify maladaptive behaviors or thought patterns, or both, and to help patients develop insight into their own behavior.
answer
Psychotherapy
question
The most prominent figure in humanistic therapy is Carl Rogers who developed ___________________
answer
free association
question
In client-centered therapy, the therapist must show genuine acceptance and empathy for the client, regardless of what he or she has said or done. This is called _____.
answer
unconditional positive regard
question
Which of the following is true about behavior therapies?
answer
Behavior therapies focus on changing behavior, rather than thoughts, feelings, or motives.
