question

1) Mechanoreceptors are to _______, as thermoreceptors are to _______. a) pain; movement b) vibration; pressure c) pressure; temperature d) movement; pain

answer

C

question

2) In hearing, transduction occurs in the ______ a) cochlea b) vestibular sacs c) ossicles d) eardrum

answer

A

question

3) Which of the following is not an effective use for hypnosis: a) To help someone remember the details of a crime. b) To improve sports performance by increasing self-confidence. c) to alleviate minor pain. d) hypnosis is effective for all of the above purposes.

answer

A

question

4) The sense of our head and our body's orientation in space is called_______. a) gustation b) vection c) kinesthesis d) vestibular sense

answer

D

question

5) When one sense fully evokes another sense, we call this: a) sensory interaction b) adaptation c) synesthesia d) none of the above

answer

C

question

6) Sensation is to _______ as perception is to _______. a) experience; transduction b) detection; experience c) detection; transduction d) experience; detection

answer

B

question

7) The minimum stimulus intensity necessary to detect a stimulus half of the time. a) difference threshold b) just noticeable difference c) subliminal threshold d) absolute threshold

answer

D

question

8) Where does transduction occur in the visual system? a) optic nerve b) photoreceptors c) thalamus d) visual cortex

answer

B

question

9) Which of the following is not a monocular depth cue? a) linear perspective b) motion parallax c) relative height d) binocular rivalry

answer

D

question

10) Which theory of color vision explains color blindness? a) opponent-process theory b) trichromatic theory

answer

B

question

11) Hue is to ______ as brightness is to _______ a) loudness; pitch b) pitch; loudness c) timbre; loudness d) timbre; pitch

answer

B

question

16) A key difference between the two main types of conditioning is that operant conditioning is based on _____ behaviors, whereas classical conditioning produces _____ responses. a) involuntary; voluntary b) voluntary; involuntary c) voluntary; voluntary d) involuntary; involuntary

answer

B

question

17) Checking your email is an example of a _______ schedule of reinforcement, because you get new emails after an unpredictable amount of time has passed. a) fixed interval b) variable ratio c) fixed ratio d) variable interval

answer

D

question

18) In Jen's experiment, a monkey must push a lever to get a reward. The monkey gets a piece of banana for every 15th lever press. What type of reinforcement schedule is this? a) fixed interval b) fixed ratio c) variable ratio d) variable interval

answer

B

question

19) Jake can make his sister, Joy, give him her toys or candy by whistling. Because she hates the sound so much, Joy will give Jake whatever he wants to make him stop. When Joy gives Jake what he wants this is _____ for Jake. a) positive reinforcement b) negative punishment c) positive punishment d) negative reinforcement

answer

A

question

20) Matt wanted to teach a chicken to dance. First he rewarded it just for bobbing it's head. Then he only rewarded it for bobbing it's head and lifting it's leg. Next, the chicken had to bob it's head while lifting one foot then the other foot. This process of breaking a behavior down into smaller steps and rewarding successive approximations of the target behavior is called: a) implicit learning b) habituation c) latent learning d) shaping

answer

D

question

21) Mike's cat comes running every time he hears Mike open a can of cat food. The sound of the can opening has become a: a) unconditioned response b) conditioned response c) conditioned stimulus d) unconditioned stimulus

answer

C

question

22) Negative reinforcement involves the _____ of a stimulus after a behavior occurs and positive punishment involves the _____ of a stimulus after a behavior occurs. a) presentation; presentation b) presentation; removal c) removal; removal d) removal; presentation

answer

D

question

23) Sara has a horrible migraine headache. She takes some Tylenol and the headache goes away. Now Sara is more likely to take Tylenol the next time she has a headache because of: a) negative reinforcement b) positive punishment c) negative punishment d) positive reinforcement

answer

A

question

24) Which of the following is not an example of learning? a) A boy is startled when book falls off a shelf behind him. b) A college student studies for a second exam after failing the first exam in a class. c) A fish comes to the top of its tank when its owner approaches. d) A dog sits down every time his owner says "Sit."

answer

A

question

25) Bandura is famous for his Bobo doll experiments, which demonstrated that children learn by: a) playing with dolls b) observing models c) rewards and punishments d) all of the above

answer

B

question

26) Jake is screaming for ice cream so his dad will stop at Dairy Queen. His dad finally gives in and gets him some ice cream, just to shut Jake up. Unfortunately for Jake's father, this is _______ for Jake so this behavior will likely occur again. a) positive reinforcement b) negative reinforcement c) positive punishment d) negative punishment

answer

A

question

27) Tolman's experiments with rats suggested that rats could build a cognitive map of a maze, but only show they had learned the maze when an incentive was given to demonstrate their learning. Tolman called this: a) latent learning b) implicit learning c) observational learning d) none of the above

answer

A

question

28) Violent video games and media have persisted in our culture because they: a) have no effect on adults who are the intended audience b) only increase the likelihood of aggression. c) have no effect on children. d) give children a place to vent their anger.

answer

B

question

29) Why are mirror neurons thought to enable imitation and empathy? a) They are located in the frontal lobe b) They are active when we perform actions and also when we see others perform actions. c) They are used to form cognitive maps. d) They are active during latent learning.

answer

B

question

30) _______ is a decrease in an intrinsically motivated behavior after the behavior is extrinsically reinforced and then the reinforcement is discontinued a) overjustification effect b) classical conditioning c) generalization d) observational learning

answer

A

question

31) According to research by Elizabeth Loftus, our memories can be corrupted by misleading information that we receive after the event. This is called: a) the misinformation effect b) hyperthymesia c) proactive interference d) storage decay

answer

A

question

32) According to state-dependent learning, if you're anxious and jittery when you take an exam then you might do better on the exam if you: a) studied in the same place that you take the exam. b) spend more time studying for the exam. c) have a glass of juice before the exam. d) drink a lot of coffee to make yourself jittery when you study for the exam.

answer

D

question

33) According to the encoding specificity principle, it would be best to study for an exam in: a) a room with lots of background noise. b) the library. c) any room, as long as it is a quiet and well-lit. d) the same room you will take the exam.

answer

D

question

34) Damage to the hippocampus prevents people from storing new explicit memories. This is referred to as: a) retrograde amnesia b) proactive interference c) anterograde amnesia d) retroactive interference

answer

C

question

35) Jake is screaming for ice cream so his dad will stop at Dairy Queen. His dad finally gives in and gets him some ice cream, just to shut Jake up. Unfortunately for Jake's father, this is _______ for Jake so this behavior will likely occur again. a) positive reinforcement b) negative reinforcement c) positive punishment d) negative punishment

answer

A

question

36) Long-term memory is possible because of the: a) individual pathways created each time a signal is sent from the same neuron to another neuron. b) brain tissue that directly connects all neurons to each other. c) rich variety of pathways in the brain. d) strengthened pathways in the brain achieved through repeated signals sent across synapses.

answer

D

question

37) One way to maintain information in short term memory is to use: a) chunking b) sensory memory c) rehearsal d) retrieval cues

answer

C

question

38) The effectiveness of retrieval cues supports the idea that: a) everyone can have perfect memory if given enough hints. b) information in memory may be available but not accessible. c) memory is like a photograph or video. d) echoic memories are stronger than iconic memories.

answer

B

question

39) Which of the following represents the flow of information through the memory system? a) sensory memory, working memory, long-term memory b) sensory memory, long-term memory, short-term memory c) short-term memory, sensory memory, long-term memory

answer

A

question

40) Sara has a horrible migraine headache. She takes some Tylenol and the headache goes away. Now Sara is more likely to take Tylenol the next time she has a headache because of: a) negative reinforcement b) positive punishment c) negative punishment d) positive reinforcement

answer

A

question

41) _____ is the experience of knowing something but not being able to identify it, which is a result of _____ . a) Tip-of-the-tongue; retrieval failure. b) Amnesia; storage decay. c) Amnesia; retrieval failure. d) Tip-of-the-tongue; storage decay.

answer

A

question

42) Memory research suggests that "repressed" memories that are "recovered" during extensive therapy: a) are often reliable and accurate. b) are often inaccurate and unreliable. c) are usually accurate. d) should always be trusted.

answer

B

question

43) Sarah took one semester of French and decided to switch to Spanish. Now she has trouble remembering words she learned in French because the Spanish word comes to mind instead. Sarah is suffering from: a) absentmindedness. b) proactive interference. c) retroactive interference. d) Tip-of-the-tongue.

answer

C

question

44) You are introduced to a new person at a party. A few minutes later, a friend asks you the person's name and you can't remember. What type of forgetting occurred? a) storage decay b) retrieval failure c) change blindness d) encoding failure

answer

D

question

45) After watching a scary shark movie, your friend decides that it is unsafe to swim in the ocean. What might be affecting your friend's thinking? a) representativeness heuristic b) overconfidence c) framing d) availability heuristic

answer

D

question

46) Chomsky's nativist theory proposed that language learning occurs because: a) children are driven to learn language so that they can engage in social interactions with others. b) language is an innate, biological capacity for humans. c) children are reinforced for using language. d) children learn to imitate the language of those around them.

answer

B

question

47) _______ are slow, but guarantee a solution, whereas ______ are fast but error prone. a) Heuristics: algorithms b) Insights; algorithms c) Algorithms; heuristics d) Algorithms; insights

answer

C

question

48) What do we call the human tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and ignore, distort, or forget to seek evidence against our ideas? a) availability heuristic b) representativeness heuristic c) overconfidence d) confirmation bias

answer

D

question

49) The critical period for language is before the age of seven. This means: a) learning language is difficult if not impossible after this period b) if language and speech are not used by this time, then the neurons which support these skills become pruned c) second-language learning is more difficult once adolescence begins d) all of the above

answer

D

question

50) People who put off working on their assignment until right before its due might be suffering from: a) availability heuristic b) confirmation bias c) overconfidence d) representativeness heuristic

answer

C

question

51) _______ is a hypothetical mental ability that enables people to direct their thinking, adapt to their circumstances, and learn from their experiences. a) Perception b) Intelligence c) Cognition d) Language

answer

B

question

52) Simon and Binet designed their intelligence test to: a) identify children who needed additional instruction in school. b) weed out the lower scoring people immigrating to France. c) identify the academically gifted. d) weed out the lower scoring people immigrating to the United States.

answer

A

question

53) A phenomenon that occurs when exposure to a derogatory stereotype about a particular group causes group members to perform worse is: a) Flynn effect b) Stereotype threat c) Overconfidence phenomenon d) None of the above

answer

B

question

54) _____ is a better predictor than _____ of a child's intelligence test performance. a) gender; environment b) race; environment c) environment; gender

answer

C

question

55) An IQ test with good _______ will provide consistent results on repeated occasions, and an IQ test with good _______ is capable of predicting future academic performance. a) validity; reliability b) standardization; validity c) standardization; reliability d) reliability; validity

answer

D

question

56) The _____ approach to personality uses various factors to characterize differences among people. a) humanistic b) social c) trait d) psychodynamic

answer

C

question

57) The two major kinds of measures used by psychologists to measure personality are: a) naturalistic observations and projective techniques. b) personality inventories and naturalistic observations. c) personality inventories and projective techniques. d) None of the above.

answer

C

question

58) In the Freudian unconscious, the _____ is responsible for balancing out the conflicts between the _____ . a) superego; id and ego b) id; ego and superego c) ego; id and superego

answer

C

question

59) If you answer the question "Who am I?" you are probably describing your: a) self-esteem. b) self-efficacy. c) self-fulfilling prophecy. d) self-concept.

answer

D

question

60) _____ refers to whether we like ourselves, while _____ refers to our sense of competence. a) Self-esteem; self-efficacy b) Self-efficacy; self-concept c) Self-esteem; self-concept d) Self-concept; self-esteem

answer

A

question

61) If Luigi gets 100% correct on Dr. Bowzer's statistics exam, what might Luigi say, according to the self-serving bias? a) Dr. Bowzer must really like him. b) Dr. Bowzer is an amazing teacher. c) He is really smart. d) The test was too easy.

answer

C

question

62) According to the social cognitive perspective, behavior depends on: a) people's traits. b) situations. c) the interaction between people's traits and the situation. d) none of the above

answer

C

Psych 201: Exam 2 – Practice Test

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards