Psych 2005 Final - Flashcards

question

Which of the following is NOT a basic part of a neuron?

answer

synapse

question

Increasing age interferes with the brain's ability to recover from injury because

answer

the brain repairs itself best in childhood and adolescence

question

Higher-order, complex processes are often called

answer

executive functioning

question

Several times a day, Leilani, age 13, flips open her mirror and scans her face for any blemish that might have appeared. From what you have learned about body image, Leilani's behavior is

answer

normal for her age

question

The three leading causes of death in the United States for adolescents and emerging adults are homicide, suicide, and

answer

accidents

question

Which of the following is associated with the developmental period of early childhood?

answer

school readiness

question

Lucy has grown up in a home with her biological mother and father and enjoys a middle socioeconomic class lifestyle. Joan has grown up with her adoptive parents and, although her family is fairly wealthy, her father has struggled with alcoholism for years. Kathy's parents have a poor relationship, low socioeconomic status, and her father frequently leaves the home for weeks at a time. Which of these girls will probably experience puberty FIRST?

answer

Kathy

question

The evolutionary process that favors the individuals of the species that are best adapted to survive and reproduce is known as

answer

natural selection

question

Calaeb, age 3, is in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

answer

preoperational

question

Working memory is more _____ than short-term memory.

answer

active

question

One of the two hormones secreted by the pituitary which regulates the levels of sex hormones is FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone); the other is

answer

luteinizing hormone

question

Puberty takes place between ages ______ for most individuals.

answer

9 and 16

question

Which of the following operations is emphasized by information processing theorists?

answer

encoding information storing information retrieving information all of these

question

Neo-Piagetians focus on

answer

strategies that children and adolescents use to process information. how fast children and adolescents process information how children and adolescents divide problems into smaller steps all of these

question

The basic units of the nervous system are

answer

neurons

question

According to Piaget, adolescents are motivated to understand their world because doing so

answer

is biologically adaptive

question

Vygotsky emphasized the role of _____ in cognitive development.

answer

culture social interaction learning to use the inventions of society All of these

question

The main androgen that plays an important role in male pubertal development is

answer

testosterone

question

The developmental period of childhood includes all of the following periods EXCEPT

answer

perinatal

question

______ is a period of rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily change.

answer

Puberty

question

Exercise in adolescents has been linked to

answer

improved self-image. decreased stress levels. less depression all of these

question

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as

answer

emerging adulthood

question

The "storm and stress" view of adolescence was postulated by

answer

Stanley Hal

question

The settings in which development occurs are known as

answer

context

question

The prefrontal cortex is primarily involved with

answer

reasoning processing emotions, such as love emotional regulation all of these

question

Which of the following is NOT a component of deliberate practice?

answer

practice that allows opportunities to observe "super-experts" perform the skill

question

Jessica can watch television while doing her math homework. This ability is an example of

answer

divided attention

question

The main estrogen that plays an important role in female pubertal development is

answer

estradiol.

question

High risk-taking behavior in adolescents has been linked to

answer

hanging out with peers in unstructured contexts

question

Which of the following findings on long-term memory has NOT been documented by researchers?

answer

Long-term memory continues to increase in adolescence.

question

Research shows a relationship between ______ and the onset of puberty.

answer

higher body weight leptin percentage of body fat all of these

question

Which of the following is a determinant of puberty?

answer

heredity hormones birth weight all of these

question

Today's adolescents are more _____ than their counterparts of previous generations.

answer

diverse tolerant open-minded all of these

question

Gonadarche is the period most people think of as

answer

puberty

question

The ability to solve problems and to adapt to and learn from experience is

answer

intelligence.

question

Vygotsky stressed the role of _____ on cognitive development

answer

interaction with others cooperative activities social influences all of these

question

In the U.S. and most other cultures, adolescence begins at approximately _____ years of age.

answer

10-13

question

The bundle of axon fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain is called the

answer

corpus callosum

question

The transition from childhood to adolescence includes all of the following EXCEPT

answer

desire to spend more time with family

question

The first ejaculation of semen, which occurs in early to mid gonadarche, is known as

answer

spermarche

question

The first menstrual period, which occurs in mid to late gonadarche, is known as

answer

menarche

question

In information processing theory, the capacity and speed of processing are referred to as

answer

cognitive resources

question

The psychometric/intelligence view emphasizes

answer

the importance of individual differences in intelligence. the use of intelligence tests. the stable, consistent ways in which people are different from each other. all of these.

question

In the United States the most widely recognized marker for entry into adulthood is

answer

holding a permanent, full-time job

question

DNA, the complex molecule that contains genetic information, is carried on

answer

chromosomes

question

A parent's ability to pick out his son's voice on a crowded playground is an example of

answer

selective attention

question

Three contextual factors that influence whether or not adolescents engage in regular exercise are influence of the family, use of TV/computers, and

answer

influence of schools.

question

Which of the following statements regarding wisdom is NOT true?

answer

A high level of wisdom is common in middle-aged and older adults

question

At the peak of her weight gain in adolescence, Maud, age 12, gained 18 pounds in one year. Research on weight gain during adolescence would indicate that Maud's weight gain is

answer

average

question

Judy and Justin are twins. Which of the following statements about their experiences with gonadarche is most likely to be TRUE?

answer

Judy will begin gonadarche one to two years before her brother.

question

According to Deborah Tannen, the language of establishing connections and negotiating relationships is known as

answer

rapport talk

question

Parents who attempt to gain control over their adolescent or his or her resources are using a discipline technique known as

answer

power assertion

question

If the United States wanted to model community support for preventing adolescent pregnancy which of the following countries has a comprehensive model in place?

answer

The Netherlands

question

Research shows that which of the following statements about adoptive children and adolescents is TRUE?

answer

The earlier adoption occurred, the fewer the problems the adoptees had.

question

The term "latchckey children" refers to those children who

answer

are unsupervised from after school until their parents return from work

question

Traits such as aggressive, independent, and power- oriented are labeled______traits

answer

instrumental

question

Gender development is influenced by

answer

biological factors, social factors, cognitive factors

question

Recent research has shown that more college freshmen today than in 1990 are interested in

answer

volunteer or community service programs

question

Which of the following statements regarding self-esteem in adolescent girls is TRUE?

answer

self-esteem om adolescent girls is lower than self-esteem in adolescent boys

question

Anna is a 24-year old woman who is pregnant with of her first baby. Her neighbor, Trish, is 16 and pregnant with her first child. Which of the following is true of these women?

answer

Anna is more likely than Trisha to be receiving prenatal care

question

Katie's parents know their daughter will inevitably be confronted by peers who want to offer her alcohol or drugs. They spend time talking with her about how to resist these harmful situations, and they even role-play with her to increase her skills. Katie's parents are engaging in which type of parenting strategy?

answer

Pre-arming

question

Adolescents and emerging adults from divorced families are more likely than those whose parents did not divorce to do which of the following?

answer

have academic problems show acting-out behavior and delinquency experience anxiety and depression all of these

question

Mary believes that all child molesters are gay men and she goes out of her way to avoid a colleague whom she believes is a gay man. Mary's beliefs and behavior could be labeled as

answer

homophobia

question

Ashley, age 17, lives with her biological mother and her mother's lesbian partner, Daryl. According to researchers, Ashley is likely to

answer

develop a heterosexual identity

question

Kohlberg's conventional reasoning level consists of two stages. One is called mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity. The other is called

answer

social systems morality

question

Which of the following is an initial symptom of genital herpes?

answer

itching and tingling at the site of infection

question

Dana, age 15, has to deal with constant comments from the boys in her science class about her breast size, skin blemishes, and large hips. Her teacher does nothing to stop these offensive remarks. As a result, Dana's grade in science is compromised. Dana is a victim of

answer

hostile environment sexual harassment

question

When it comes to emotions, boys usually show

answer

less self-regulation than girls

question

Piaget and Kohlberg both believed that

answer

the primary role in moral development is that of peers.

question

Moral development includes moral

answer

thought. feelings. behavior. all of these

question

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the psychoanalytic account of moral development?

answer

Children and adolescents conform to societal standards to avoid guilt.

question

Recently there has been an interest in the fourth dimension of moral development, which is

answer

moral personality.

question

A consideration that is especially important for younger teens as they plan to avoid pregnancy is

answer

abstinence

question

People who have lived exemplary lives are known as:

answer

moral exemplars

question

Moral rules are _____, while conventional rules are _____

answer

obligatory; optional

question

Social role theory contends that psychological gender differences are mainly due to

answer

contrasting roles of males and females

question

Which of the following statements regarding androgyny is NOT true?

answer

Androgyny has been linked to higher levels of stress.

question

Socioemotional changes that affect parent-adolescent relationships include

answer

increased responsibility in school. increased initiative in school. development of more sophisticated friendships. all of these

question

Which of the following statements regarding heterosexual behavior and same-sex attraction is TRUE?

answer

The use of the term "homosexual" has been replaced by the term "same-sex attraction".

question

Which of the following, according to research, is the MOST stressful to adolescents during the apex of pubertal growth?

answer

conflict with parents

question

Approximately what percentage of American adolescents have one or more siblings?

answer

80 percent

question

Bianca's parents fight constantly. As a result, they ignore her. Lately Bianca has begun to stay out late and to hang out with much older friends. Bianca's parents' conflict is having a _____ effect on her behavior.

answer

indirect

question

Today's parent-adolescent relationships are viewed as

answer

reciprocal

question

An especially difficult time for the establishment of a step-family is during a child's

answer

early adolescence

question

Which of the following STIs is caused by a virus?

answer

genital herpes

question

The highest level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is

answer

postconventional reasoning.

question

Which of the following is good advice for parents and emerging adult children who are considering living together?

answer

Agree on conditions ahead of time. Treat each other as adults. Address any concerns that arise before hard feelings develop. All of these are good advice.

question

Which of the following statements regarding gender differences related to schooling and academic achievement is TRUE?

answer

The bottom 50 percent of high-school classes is made up mainly of males.

question

Adolescents whose parents are not involved with their lives and who do not monitor their activities in any way tend to

answer

lack self-control.

question

Which of the following factors have researchers determined is important in influencing adolescents' behavior?

answer

peer influences parental models of competency school influences all of these

question

Adolescent boys are MORE likely than adolescent girls to cite ______ as a reason for becoming sexually active.

answer

peer pressure

question

Men who rape women are likely to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

answer

they are likely to be under the influence of heroin or other opiates.

question

Which of the following statements regarding development of a sexual identity is NOT true?

answer

Western societies place few constraints on adolescents' sexual behavior.

question

In the traditional male adolescent culture, male adolescents trying to adopt a strong masculine role are likely to believe they will be thought of as more masculine if they

answer

drink alcohol or take drugs.

question

The theorist who asserts that gender differences have been greatly exaggerated, based on the results of 44 meta-analyses of gender differences and similarities is

answer

Janet Shibley Hyde

question

Which of the following statements regarding physical similarities and differences between men and women is NOT true?

answer

Men have twice as much body fat as women.

question

Which theorist agreed that, "Anatomy is destiny"?

answer

Sigmund Freud

question

Adolescents in a European country are more likely than adolescents in the United States to be

answer

told that childbearing is an adult activity. accepted by adults for being sexually active with responsibility. told to protect themselves and their partners from pregnancy and STIs. all of these.

question

Recent longitudinal studies on the effects of sibling conflict found that increased sibling conflict was linked to all of the following EXCEPT

answer

increased peer competence

question

Religiousness is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

answer

attendance at religious services

question

The average age of the initial same-sex activity for females is

answer

14 to 18.

question

Individuals who are about the same age or maturity level are called

answer

peers

question

Research has shown that adolescents show two distinct responses to difficult or challenging circumstances. One is mastery orientation and the other is

answer

helpless orientation.

question

One of the criticisms of the direct instruction approach to learning is that it

answer

turns children into passive learners

question

Which of the following statements regarding marriage trends in the United States is NOT true?

answer

The average duration of marriage in the United States is 15 years

question

Which of the following statements regarding intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is TRUE?

answer

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are at work in the real world of students' lives. Parents and teachers should encourage students to become intrinsically motivated. Extrinsic motivation by itself is not a good strategy. All of these are true

question

Conglomerate strategies are

answer

the use of multiple techniques to improve adolescents' social skills

question

Which of the following statements regarding adolescent-peer and adolescent-parent relationships is NOT true?

answer

Adolescents' relationships with their parents are disconnected from their peer relationships

question

The term researchers use to describe the extent to which children and adolescents are liked or disliked by their peer group is

answer

sociometric status

question

Which of the following statements regarding gifted adolescents is NOT true?

answer

They have a high degree of external motivation.

question

Cheri has a secure attachment to her parents. What might this attachment mean to her attachment to her peers?

answer

The parent-adolescent attachment pattern is not strongly indicative of the adolescent peer relationship

question

The top-dog phenomenon occurs when

answer

students go from being the most powerful in a school to the least powerful in a new, higher-level school

question

Which of the basic social needs identified by Sullivan intensifies in early adolescence?

answer

the need for intimacy

question

Strategies to protect self-worth and avoid failure include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

setting low goals and objectives

question

Students in permissive strategy classrooms have all of the following EXCEPT

answer

support for developing learning skills

question

Which of the following is NOT a self-handicapping strategy?

answer

setting challenging but realistic goals

question

Which psychological approaches stress the importance of intrinsic motivation in achievement?

answer

humanistic approaches

question

Adolescents with a performance orientation are focused on

answer

winning

question

Social cognition involves

answer

thoughts about social matters

question

Manuel is a Latino adolescent who lives in a lower-SES neighborhood. A special challenge for Manuel is MOST likely a lack of

answer

reliable transportation to school.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of adolescents and achievement?

answer

Adolescents' achievement is mainly due to their intellectual abilities

question

Another word for conglomerate strategies for improving social skills is

answer

coaching

question

The friendship function of providing closeness and self-disclosure is

answer

intimacy/affection

question

Which of the following statements about adolescent friendships is NOT true?

answer

Children have more intimate friendships than adolescents

question

American children perform more poorly in _____ than students in some other countries.

answer

math and science

question

ADHD is categorized as

answer

a learning disability

question

Which of the following statements about peer contexts is NOT true?

answer

Susceptibility to peer pressure has to do with parental monitoring of adolescents and peers.

question

Which of the following statements about mentoring is TRUE?

answer

Careful selection of participants and monitoring of the mentor/student relationship are keys to success.

question

No Child Left Behind places responsibility for student learning primarily on

answer

the states

question

Adolescents who are gifted have a superior talent in some domain and/or

answer

have an above-normal average IQ, usually 130 or higher.

question

Alex is described as "shy" by his peers; he has a low rate of interaction with peers. Alex is likely to be classified as a _____ child

answer

neglected

question

Two effective general strategies for creating positive classrooms are effectively managing the group's activities and using

answer

an authoritative strategy

question

The two main approaches to student learning are constructivist and

answer

direct instruction

question

Perceived causes of outcomes are known as

answer

attributions

question

Ali says that her peer group is very important to her. Which of the following things will Ali likely say her peers do for her?

answer

provide a source of information about the world outside of the family give her feedback about her abilities serve as form of social comparison all of these

question

Leah, age 15, has no idea what she wants to do with her life. She's told to "study hard" but she does not have a long-term goal for life. Which of the following questions would be helpful in getting Leah to focus on her purpose in life?

answer

"What's most important to you in your life?"

question

Which of the following statements related to mastery and performance learning is NOT true?

answer

Mastery and performance goals are mutually exclusive

question

Rewards and punishments are _____ in adolescents' motivation.

answer

extrinsic factors

question

The average age of initial same-sex activity for males is

answer

13 to 15

question

Which of the following is NOT a social context in career development?

answer

geographical location

question

Self determination, curiosity, challenge, and effort are all _____ in adolescents' motivation.

answer

intrinsic factors

question

Luz's neighbor, Dr. Spire, is a professor of Sociology at a community college. Dr. Spire takes Luz to class with her when Luz is on school vacation, and she encourages Luz to think about attending college. Luz has great respect for Dr. Spire, and Dr. Spire loves watching Luz grow more confident in her ability to go on to college. This is an example of

answer

natural mentoring

question

A learning disability can involve all of the following EXCEPT difficulty with

answer

music

question

Being rejected or overlooked by peers can lead some adolescents to

answer

feel lonely or hostile

question

David, age seven, has been diagnosed with ADHD. All of the following are probably true for David EXCEPT

answer

he will outgrow his condition by late adolescence.

question

The transition to middle school or junior high school is stressful because

answer

many changes are taking place at the same time

question

The average number of individuals in a clique is

answer

5 to 6

question

Students in authoritarian classrooms often develop

answer

passive learning habits. poor communication skills. anxiety about social comparison. all of these

question

Which students are MOST likely to be suspended from school?

answer

African Americans

question

Planning ahead, generating multiple solutions to hypothetical problems, and evaluating physically aggressive responses negatively are all

answer

social cognitive skills

Psych 2005 Final – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards