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The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to

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exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome

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Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are

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curiosity, skepticism, and humility

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A hypothesis is an

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Testable prediction that gives direction to research

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The case study is a research method in which

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A single individual or group is studied in great depth

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A descriptive technique for obtaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a representative sample of a population known as

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A survey

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Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two factors

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Vary together

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Illusory correlation refers to

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the perception of a relationship between two variables does not exist

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The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ____ group

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experimental

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An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called

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placebo

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Replication of a research study is most likely to be facilitated by

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operational definitions

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Regression toward the mean refers to the tendency for

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unusual events to be followed by more ordinary events

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Gamblers often throw dice gently for low numbers and hard for high numbers. This most directly illustrates

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an illusion of control

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In an experimental study, men with erectile disorder received either Viagra or a placebo. In this study, the drug dosage (none versus peak does) was the

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Independent Variable

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Little Hans' extreme fear of horses was observed as part of a(n)

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case study

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An experiment enables researchers to isolate the effects of one specific factor by manipulating the factor of interest and also

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holding other factors constant across experimental and control groups

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The simplified reality of laboratory experiments is most helpful in enabling psychologists to

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develop general principles that help explain behavior

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If IQ scores are normally distributed, having a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, approximately what percentage of people have IQ scores somewhere between 70 and 130?

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95

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The perception that psychological research findings merely verify our commonsense understanding is most clearly facilitated by

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hindsight bias

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Correlational research is most useful for purposes of

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prediction

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The standard deviation is the square root of the average squared deviation of scores from the

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mean

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In a survey, psychologists select a random sample of research participants in order to ensure that

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the participants are representative of the population they are interested in studying

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In an effort to prevent participants in an experiment from trying to confirm the researchers predictions psychologist sometimes

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Deceive participants about the true purpose of an experiment

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A statistically significant difference between two sample groups is not likely to be

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Due to chance variation within and between the sample groups

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To compare the pace of life in different countries investigators measure the speed with which postal clerks completed a simple request. Which research methods is this illustrates

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Naturalistic observation

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Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward abortion

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The survey

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In a study of the effects of drinking alcohol some participants drink a non alcoholic beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. This non alcoholic drink was a

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Placebo

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To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her school Ariana sent a questionnaire to every 15th person in the registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana is ensuring that her survey results are accurate by using

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Random sampling

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Research participants drink either caffeinated or decaffeinated beverages and a study of the effects of caffeine on anxiety level. Those who receive the caffeinated drinks were assigned to the ______ group

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Experimental

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In an experimental study of the impact of exposure to criticism on self esteem exposure to criticism would be the blank variable

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Independent

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On a series of coin tosses Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails 7 times in a row. In this instance we can reasonably conclude that Oleg's predictive accuracy

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Is a random and coincidental occurrence

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If the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of children is + 0.85, this would indicate that

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Better reading abilities associated with greater physical weight among children

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To understand the unusual behavior of an adult client, clinical psychologist carefully investigates the client's current life situation and his physical, social cultural, an educational history. Which research method has the psychologist used

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The case study

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Professor over carefully observes and record the behaviour of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor overs most clearly engaged in

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Naturalistic observation

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In a test of the effects of sleep deprivation on problem solving skills, research participants are allowed to sleep either 4 or 8 hours on each of three consecutive nights. This research is an example of

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An experiment

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Although Dominic psychology classes sometimes longer or shorter than usual on average each class is 50 minutes. If the links of these classes form and normal curve, which statistic would enable Dominic to estimate the probability that any single class will last somewhere between 47 and 53 minutes

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Standard deviation

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Evelyn wants to know how consistent her bowling scores have been during the past season. Which of the following measures would tell her what she wants to know

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Standard deviation

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Professor Delano suggest that people are especially attracted to those who are good looking, handsome men will be more successful than average looking men and getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of

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Hypothesis

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In a published report of a research study on social anxiety, psychologist included a 30 item questionnaire, which they had used to assess levels of social anxiety. The psychologist have bus provided their readers with a

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Operational definition

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Professor Shatley contends that parents and children have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. His ideas best described as a

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Theory

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A theory is an explanation using an integrated set of principles that ________ observations and _________ behaviors or events

answer

Organizes; predicts

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