Psych 111 Chapter 9 – Flashcards
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lacks criterion-related validity.
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Dr. Clarke designs a test she believes will predict an individual's ability to perform in managerial positions. When Dr. Clark administers her test to 100 managers at Aldor Corporation, she finds that some of the best managers do well on the test, but others do quite poorly. Dr. Clarke should probably conclude that her test
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Francis Galton
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Which British scholar concluded in his book Hereditary Genius that success runs in families because great intelligence is passed from generation to generation through genetic inheritance?
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+0.90
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Which of the following represents the strongest test-retest reliability for a test?
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Submissive
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Which of the following traits has NOT been linked to creativity?
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Impulsive Nonconformity Independence
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What traits have been linked to creativity?
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The cultural disadvantages associated with a lower-class upbringing
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Which of the following appears to be the MOST responsible for ethnic differences in IQ?
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a creativity test.
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The question, "How many uses can you think of for a paper clip?" would be MOST likely found on
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Reliability refers to the ____ of a measuring device such as a test.
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Reliability refers to the ____ of a measuring device such as a test.
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reaction range.
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The term used to refer to genetically determined limits on IQ is
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Convergent thinking
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Which of the following is NOT one of the "primary mental abilities" proposed by Thurstone?
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Numerical ability Word fluency Inductive reasoning
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Thurstone primary mental abilities
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predict the school performance of children.
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Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon devised the first intelligence test in 1905 in order to
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gradually decline as they grow older.
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intelligence
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Adoption studies provide support for the influence of
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Adoption studies provide support for the influence of
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mildly retarded.
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The vast majority of individuals diagnosed as mentally retarded are
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tries to generate many possible answers or solutions.
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In solving a problem using divergent thinking, a person
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6 years.
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When Charmaine was 10 years old, she completed the original Binet-Simon scale. She answered all the questions that a typical 6-year-old would answer, but none of the questions a typical 7-year-old would answer. Based on this information, Charmaine's mental age would be
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influenced more by genetics than by environmental factors.
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The fact that adopted children resemble their biological parents in intelligence, even though they were not reared by those parents, suggests that intellectual development is
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to decrease as the child gets older.
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The IQ scores of children raised in substandard environments tend
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Psychological tests allow one to predict behavior with great accuracy.
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Which of the following does NOT characterize a psychological test?
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A reification
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What occurs when a hypothetical, abstract concept is given a name and then treated as though it were a concrete tangible object?
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Category validity
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Which of the following is NOT a type of validity?
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content validity.
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Lanette is arguing with her professor that questions on her last test were not covered during lectures or in the textbook. Lanette is basically arguing that the test did NOT have
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family members share not only genes but also similar environments.
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Family studies can indicate whether a trait runs in families, but they cannot provide conclusive evidence that a trait is influenced by heredity because
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it would be difficult to meaningfully compare Francesca's score with the score her sister obtained.
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When Francesca took the ACT assessment this year, she was allowed to use a graphing calculator on the mathematics portion of the exam. Her older sister is surprised, because when she took the test six years ago, calculators were not allowed for any portion of the exam. This suggests that
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interpersonal intelligence.
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Reba has an uncanny ability to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and desires of other people. According to Gardner, Reba has a high level of
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an achievement test.
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If you wanted to gauge a person's mastery and knowledge in a specific area, such as mathematics, you would need to administer
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normal distribution.
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A symmetrical bell-shaped curve that represents the pattern in which many characteristics, including intelligence, are distributed is the
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was not standardized across the two course sections.
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Ishmael and Aliyah were enrolled in different sections of the same course. When Aliyah was taking her midterm exam, there was a lecture being held in the next room. This distracted her and made it difficult for her to concentrate on her exam. When Ishmael wrote his midterm exam, the room next door was empty and he had no distractions. In this example, the administration of the midterm exam for this course
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within-groups; between-groups
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According to Leon Kamin, ____ differences in IQ scores are most likely to be heritable, and ____ differences are most likely to be the result of environmental factors.
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+.35.
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The average correlation between IQ score and brain volume is approximately
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an IQ score is indicative of our relative standing in our particular age group.
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IQ scores do NOT routinely increase as we get older because
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introverted and socially isolated.
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According to recent research conducted by Ellen Winner, profoundly gifted children (those with an IQ above 180) are often
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around 50%.
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The consensus among MOST researchers is that the heritability of intelligence is
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percentage of cases scoring at a lower level.
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When a deviation IQ score is converted into a percentile score, it indicates
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Mechanical Emotional
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Which of the following is NOT one of the eight types of intelligence described by Gardner?
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Spatial Logical mathematical Musical Bodily kinesthetic Interpersonal Experiential Linguistic
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What are 8 types of intelligence according to Gardner
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social skills.
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According to Joseph Renzulli, eminent adults who make enduring contributions to their fields tend to show high levels of all of the following, EXCEPT
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Intelligence Motivation Creativity
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What do eminent adults who make enduring contributions to their fields show according to Renzulli?
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the Flynn effect.
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The average IQ of this year's graduating class at Bradbury High is 112 points. The average IQ of the graduating class from 25 years ago was 107 points, and the average IQ of the graduating class from 50 years ago was 101 points. This trend is consistent with
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Brain size
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Which of the following is NOT one of the items Galton measured in order to assess intelligence?
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Sensitivity to high pitched sounds Reaction time Color perception
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What did Galton measure in order to assess intelligence?
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a subaverage general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in everyday adaptive skills.
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Mental retardation is currently defined as
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provide reliable measures of student ability.
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Dr. Iverson has had 25 students who have repeated her advanced economics class over the past five years. Each time, the students' grades for the second attempt in her course were nearly identical to the grades received on the first attempt. This leads Dr. Iverson to conclude that her testing procedures
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100; 15
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Modern IQ tests have a mean of ____ and a standard deviation of ____.
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David Wechsler
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Which theorist set out to improve on the measurement of intelligence in adults with an intelligence test with two major innovations: that the score was less dependent on a subject's verbal ability and the use of a deviation intelligence quotient?
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determination and tedious practice.
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According to the "drudge theory" of exceptional achievement, eminence in a field depends on
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verbal and reasoning skills related to academics.
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Most intelligence tests over the years have tended to stress
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50% of the variability in intelligence in a population of individuals is due to variations in genetic inheritance.
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Experts estimate that the heritability of intelligence is approximately 50%. This suggests that
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mild mental retardation.
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Ashley is 30 years old. She has an IQ score of 60 and has developed academic skills equivalent to a sixth-grade education. She is self-supporting, even though she still lives with her parents. According to the system traditionally used to categorize various levels of mental retardation, Ashley would MOST likely be classified as having
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Correlation coefficients
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Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
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the originality of the alternatives. the quantity of alternatives generated. the usefulness of the alternatives.
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Creativity test items that give respondents a starting point and then require them to generate as many possibilities as they can in a short period of time are scored on the basis of
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75% of the people who took the test scored at or below your score.
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If your score falls at the 75th percentile on a standardized test, which of the following is an accurate interpretation?
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Psychological tests measure individual differences. Psychological tests are samples of behavior. Psychological tests are standardized measures of behavior.
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Which of the following does characterize a psychological test?
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There may be a correlation between major creative achievement and vulnerability to mood disorders.
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Which of the following statements BEST reflects current thinking regarding the relationship between creativity and mental illness?
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social class differences in experience.
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Many researchers suggest that since many of the larger minority groups in the United States (such as African American, Native American, Hispanic) are over-represented in the lower class, ethnic differences in IQ should be considered to be the result of
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a personality test.
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Leo wants to become a fighter pilot, and he is asked to complete a test that is designed to determine if he has the interests and the values typically found in fighter pilots. In this example, the test that Leo is asked to complete would be classified as
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cognitive perspective.
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The perspective on the investigation of intelligence that focuses on how people use their intelligence is the
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a sample of a person's behavior.
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Any psychological test should be seen as
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mental age
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If you are told that Philip displays the mental ability typical of an 11-year-old child, you know Philip's ____ is 11.
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68%
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Approximately ____ of IQ scores fall between 85 and 115.
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food poisoning.
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According to the text, people with high IQs are at lower risk for all of the following health problems EXCEPT
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cancer. cardiovascular disease. chronic lung disease.
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According to the text, people with high IQs are at lower risk for all of the following health problems
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validity; reliability
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If a psychological test measures what it was designed to measure, the test has ____. If it also shows measurement consistency, it has ____.
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perform bettter
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Recent research suggests that given equivalent IQ scores, students who think they are talented tend to ______________ on their school work than those with negative opinions of their own ability.
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mental age.
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The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of
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estimated by correlating subjects' scores on a test with their scores on an independent criterion (another measure) of the trait assessed by the test.
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Criterion-related validity is
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smart people take better care of themselves.
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One explanation for the link between intelligence and mortality is
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the heritability of intelligence is very low.
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In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray imply all of the following EXCEPT
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intelligence is influenced by genetic inheritance. cultural differences in average intelligence are substantial. cultural differences in average intelligence cannot be easily reduced.
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In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray imply all of the following
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a person's mastery and knowledge of a subject.
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An achievement test measures
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Different cultures have different conceptions of what intelligence is.
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Which of the following statements about the influence of culture on the use of IQ tests is MOST accurate?
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Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
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Leticia is a prima ballerina with a New York ballet company. According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Leticia is likely to score high in which of the following?
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Spearman.
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The notion that all cognitive abilities share a core factor, labeled "g," was proposed by
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IQ differences are a function of the relative nature of the gene pool for different ethnic groups.
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Which of the following statements corresponds most closely to Arthur Jensen's position on ethnic differences in average IQ scores?
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an aptitude test.
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In trying to make a decision about a career that would fit your abilities and interest, you would probably want to take a test that would measure your potential or talent for specific kinds of activities. A test that would measure this sort of potential would MOST likely be
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criterion-related validity.
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If you wanted to be able to predict your success at being an engineer, you would take a test that measured your potential for this profession. It is hoped that the test would be high in
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divergent thinking.
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Conrad works at an advertising agency and is one of the first people called in when brainstorming for a new campaign. He has the unique ability to generate hundreds of creative suggestions that no one else seems to think of. This suggests that Conrad is skilled in
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the vast majority of intelligence tests are designed to tap "g."
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Regarding the debate about the structure of intelligence that lasted many decades, it is clear that
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Creativity is related to intelligence, but only weakly.
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Dr. Fuller needs a really creative student to assist with the design of a new research project. She's asked to see the IQ scores of a number of students so she can use the scores to choose her new research assistant. What does Dr. Fuller need to know before making her decision?
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does not meet the definition because he does not show deficits in daily living skills.
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Gunnar is 50 years old and only completed the sixth grade when he was in school. For the past 30 years, Gunnar has been a successful fisherman who has five fishing boats. Recently, he took part in an aging study conducted by a university near his home and was told that his IQ score was only 65. Based on the definition for mental retardation provided by the American Association on Mental Retardation, Gunnar
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the person scored two standard deviations above the mean.
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Wechsler developed the deviation IQ based on the normal distribution. On his test, an overall IQ of 130 would mean
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a personality test.
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Walter has taken a test that attempts to assess his interests and attitudes. Walter has MOST likely taken
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environmental factors.
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Where a person's actual IQ score falls within the reaction range is determined by
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The vast majority of children selected for gifted school programs do not achieve eminence as adults.
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Which of the following statements regarding giftedness and achievement in life is MOST accurate?
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validity of his final exam.
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Dr. Darden is concerned about whether or not the final exam in his physics class accurately measures a student's accumulated knowledge about core concepts from the course. It appears that Dr. Darden is MOST concerned with the
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an aptitude test.
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Which British scholar concluded in his book Hereditary Genius that success runs in Francis has applied for admission to a computer science program, and one of the requirements for admission is the completion of a test that measures sequencing skills and abstract reasoning skills. Her score on this test will be a major factor in the decision about whether to admit her to the program. In this case, the test that Francis is scheduled to take would be classified as because great intelligence is passed from generation to generation through genetic inheritance?
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The correlation coefficient
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Which of the following statistics is generally used to estimate reliability and validity?
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narrow down a list of alternatives to solve a problem.
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In convergent thinking, one attempts to
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an appeal to ignorance.
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If your roommate tries to convince you that the college cafeteria uses leftovers from students' dinner trays to make stew for the next day's lunch by arguing that she has never seen the leftovers actually thrown out, your roommate's argument is using
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working memory.
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Recent research suggests that stereotype threat may undermine test performance by reducing
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norms
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If a psychological test is intended to tell you how you score relative to other people, test ____ must be developed.
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Connor, who placed at the 90th percentile
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A group of sixth-graders all took a 100-word spelling test in order to qualify for the city-wide spelling bee contest. If a child needed to score in the top 20% of applicants to qualify, which one of the following students definitely qualified for the spelling bee?
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high reliability but low validity.
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Silas took the College Aptitude Test (CAT) when he was a junior in high school and attained a very high score on the test. When Silas was in college, he was suspended his first year; when he was readmitted, he ended up dropping out because he did poorly in all his classes. When Silas went for career counseling, he retook the CAT, and again he earned a very high score. Based on Silas's experience, you might conclude that the CAT has
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high creative intelligence but lower analytical intelligence.
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Ira has never done well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning and logical-mathematical abilities, but when new and complex situations arise at his job, he is always the one who seems to come up with novel and effective solutions for the problems. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Ira shows
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an intelligence test.
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An elementary school child is given a test designed to determine whether or not she should be placed in a class of "gifted" children. The test is probably
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An intellectually stimulating environment can lead to noticeable increases in the IQs of disadvantaged children.
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Which of the following is an expression of the nurture side of the nature versus nurture argument?
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gradually decline as they grow older.
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If environment affects intelligence, you should predict that the IQs of children who stay in understaffed orphanages will
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There is controversy over the use of IQ tests in hiring employees.
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Which of the following statements BEST characterizes the current view regarding the use of tests to predict vocational success?
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perform well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning skills.
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According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, someone who is high in analytic intelligence should
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Spatial intelligence
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Roland is an architect who can design dream homes based on vague ideas and images that his clients bring to him. According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Roland is likely to score high in which of the following?
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fluid intelligence.
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Todd has very strong reasoning ability and is able to process information very quickly. It is clear that Todd is high in
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aptitude tests.
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Standardized tests designed to predict how well you will do in college are MOST appropriately called
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not meet the criterion for giftedness unless he also scored above 130 on an IQ test.
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Jelani was recently considered for enrollment in the gifted program at his school. The report says that Jelani is an extremely creative and talented child. Based on the standard practices in most school districts, Jelani would
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stereotype threat appears to impair minority group members' test performance.
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The results of the Featured Study on racial stereotypes and test performance suggest that
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are a reasonably valid method to predict school performance.
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Correlations between students' IQ scores and their school grades suggest that IQ tests
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similar to the performance of Caucasian students.
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The Featured Study concerning racial stereotypes and test performance found that when students believed a test analyzed problem-solving strategies, the performance of African-American students was
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Howard Gardner
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Which psychologist concluded that humans exhibit eight largely independent types of intelligence?
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reliable.
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If a test yields nearly identical scores when it is retaken after a two-month interval, the test is said to be
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score at or below his or her score.
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An individual's percentile score is the percentage of people who
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The tests measure creativity out of context.
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According to your textbook, creativity tests may have limited value. Why is this the case?
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Intelligence; personality
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____ tests measure general mental ability, and ____ tests measure various aspects of people including motives, interests, values, and attitudes.
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crystallized intelligence.
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The type of intelligence that involves applying acquired knowledge to solve problems is known as
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Mood disorders
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What form of mental illness frequently has been found to be associated with outstanding creativity?
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shrunk by about 4 to 7 points.
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Data from the standardization samples for the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales suggest that since the 1970s, the gap in IQ scores between African Americans and Caucasians has
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Shawna's chronological age is greater than her mental age.
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Shawna's IQ score was calculated using the formula developed by Lewis Terman, and the result was 92. This indicates that
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standardized.
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The fact that a test is given with uniform procedures in administration and scoring means that the test has been
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Criterion-related validity
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What kind of validity do tests such as the SAT and ACT particularly strive for?
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in the center of the distribution.
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In a normal distribution of information, MOST people will be found
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Non-twin siblings reared apart
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In which of the following cases is the correlation between IQ scores the lowest?
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test norms.
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Information about where a particular score on a test falls in relationship to some group is given by
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Alfred Binet.
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The man responsible for developing the first intelligence tests designed to predict the school performance of children was
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the same for identical twins reared together and for identical twins reared apart.
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If the differences in IQ scores among people were entirely a result of genetic factors, you would expect to find that the correlation in IQ scores would be
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score near the top of her potential IQ range.
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Carolina has been raised in an intellectually enriched environment with lots of books and age-appropriate toys. The reaction range model suggests that Carolina will
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validity.
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If a psychological test does, in fact, measure what it was designed to measure, the test has
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exceptionally reliable.
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In comparison to most other types of psychological tests, IQ tests tend to be
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severe mental retardation.
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Megan has an IQ score of 30 and is able to perform simple tasks in highly structured environments. According to the system traditionally used to categorize various levels of mental retardation, Megan would MOST likely be classified as having
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Verbal and mathematical skills
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According to Howard Gardner, IQ tests have generally emphasized which of the following?
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Ben, who has an IQ of 135
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Which of the following individuals would you predict would be MOST likely to have a high-status occupation ,such as being a doctor or lawyer?
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predict school performance.
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Which of the following individuals would be most likely to think that IQ tests have validity? A person who believes IQ tests are designed to
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creative intelligence.
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According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, someone who is able to cope well with new or novel tasks should score high in
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is likely to have high construct validity.
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At the beginning of the semester, all the students enrolled in Tommy's fitness class are required to take a test designed to assess their current fitness level. The test assesses each student's fat-to-muscle ratio, asks a number of questions about lifestyle and personal habits, and also measures aerobic function and stress response. In this case, it appears that the preliminary fitness test
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Lewis Terman.
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The original French intelligence test was revised and renamed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale by
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an achievement test.
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Madisen has just completed a two-year internship with a law firm. She takes a test that is designed to assess her current knowledge of general legal principles. In this case, the test that Madisen takes would be classified as
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Caused by an organic condition
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Which of the following is NOT included in the definition of mental retardation?
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Beginning before the age of 18 Deficiencies in adaptive skills Subaverage general mental ability
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Which of the following is included in the definition of mental retardation?
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creativity.
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The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines
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an appeal to ignorance.
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The argument that no one has demonstrated that intelligence is largely shaped by environment, so it must be largely inherited, is an example of
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Claude Steele
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Which of the following researchers proposed the notion of stereotype threat to explain ethnic differences in IQ scores?
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within-groups comparisons are more likely to be the result of environmental influences.
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Critics argue that heritability explanations for ethnic differences in IQ have a variety of flaws and weakness; these weaknesses do NOT include
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the concept of race is more of a social concept then a biological one. the differences in IQ scores for ethnic groups are more likely to be attributed to socioeconomic differences. between-groups comparisons are more likely to be the result of environmental influences.
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Critics argue that heritability explanations for ethnic differences in IQ have a variety of flaws and weakness; these weaknesses include
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identical and fraternal twins.
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The BEST evidence supporting the role of genetic factors in intelligence is provided by studies that compare
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Different cultures have different conceptions of what intelligence is.q
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Which of the following statements about the influence of culture on the use of IQ tests is MOST accurate?
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heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
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The results of twin studies and adoption studies BEST illustrate the unifying theme in psychology that
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fluid intelligence.
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The type of intelligence that includes memory capacity and speed of information processing is known as
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120
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If a child who is 10 years old has a mental age of 12, the child's IQ would be
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that you showed average performance on the test.
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You recently took the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and just learned that your IQ is 100. This IQ score of 100 means
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Brenda will have an IQ near the upper limit of her reaction range
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Following the death of their parents ten years ago, identical twins Glenda and Brenda were placed in an understaffed orphanage. Brenda remained in the orphanage, while Glenda was adopted by a loving middle-class couple. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to occur?
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Glenda will have a higher IQ than Brenda Glenda and Brenda will have IQs that differ by ten or more IQ points Glenda and Brenda will have the same reaction range for intelligence
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Following the death of their parents ten years ago, identical twins Glenda and Brenda were placed in an understaffed orphanage. Brenda remained in the orphanage, while Glenda was adopted by a loving middle-class couple. Which of the following would be likely to occur?
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moderately
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The correlation between IQ scores and vocational success is BEST described as
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content validity.
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The degree to which the items on a test are representative of the domain it is supposed to cover is referred to as
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a heritability ratio.
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An estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance is known as
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Fraternal twins reared together
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In which of the following cases is the correlation between IQ scores the HIGHEST?
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7-9 years old.
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The youngest age at which IQ scores are fairly good predictors of adult IQ is
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mental ability and personality tests.
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The two very broad categories of psychological tests are
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creativity.
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Research suggests that the amount of time people spend living abroad is positively correlated with
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an intelligence test.
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According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, someone who is high iAn elementary school child is given a test designed to determine whether or not she should be placed in a class of "gifted" children. The test is probably n analytic intelligence should
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Schools should not rely too heavily on IQ tests to select gifted children.
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Which of the following statements BEST reflects current expert recommendations regarding the identification of gifted children?
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high construct validity.
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If a test designed to measure extroversion correlates negatively with measures of social discomfort, correlates positively with measures of sociability, and has low correlations with measures of intelligence, you could conclude that the test has
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adopted children to their adoptive parents.
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Convincing evidence for the role of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by studies that compare
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Monica's IQ score would be 100.
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Monica recently completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and was told that her deviation IQ score fell at the 50th percentile. This means that
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high analytical intelligence but lower practical intelligence.
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Cheryl has always performed well on conventional tests designed to measure reasoning and logical-mathematical abilities, but she doesn't seem to be able to use her skills to solve common, everyday problems. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Cheryl shows
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construct validity.
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If you were to develop a psychological test to measure an abstract personal quality such as intelligence or extraversion, you should be MOST concerned with demonstrating that the test has
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Genetic factors are strongly implicated as the cause of ethnic differences in intelligence.
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Which of the following statements is the MOST debatable?
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appeal to ignorance fallacy.
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Supporting an argument by misusing a general lack of knowledge or information concerning an issue is referred to as the
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Creativity usually occurs in a burst of insight
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Which of the following statements concerning creativity is NOT accurate?
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+.90s.
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Correlations measuring the reliability of IQ tests generally are in the range of
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convergent thinking.
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Everyone likes to have Lydia working on their committees because she seems to have the unique ability to consider a variety of options and quickly narrow the list of options down to the one or two best alternatives. In other words, Lydia is skilled in
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test-retest reliability.
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A method for determining the reliability of a test taker's score by comparing scores on separate testing sessions is known as
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Cultural disadvantage
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Which of the following explanations for racial differences in intelligence is BEST supported by research evidence?
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Bill will perform better than Phil.
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Bill and Phil have equivalent IQ scores. Bill sees himself as a talented student, while Phil sees himself as a weaker student. It is likely that in school,
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that you can't interpret her score without knowing the norms for the test.
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Brenna took a test designed to measure her creativity. She tells you that her final score on the test was 70. She knows you are taking a psychology class, so she asks you what this score means. You should tell Brenna
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criterion-related validity.
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The correlation between a group's scores on an industrial aptitude test and actual performance on the industrial job would describe the test's
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The average difference in IQ between minority groups and Caucasians is largely a function of genetic factors.
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Which of the following statements regarding differences in IQ is NOT supported by research findings?
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an intelligence quotient.
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(Mental age/chronological age) X 100 yields
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a variety of environmental factors.
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Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around
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Factor analysis
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Which technique analyzes correlations among many variables to identify closely related clusters?
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set by heredity.
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According to theories that employ the concept of reaction range, the upper limits of an individual's intellectual potential are
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significantly lower than the performance of Caucasian students.
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The Featured Study concerning racial stereotypes and test performance found that when students believed a test measured general verbal ability, the performance of African-American students was
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Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
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Davis is a gifted violinist who has been playing the violin since he was two. He started writing his own music when he was four. However, Davis has a difficult time expressing himself with words, and he struggles with all his written assignments for his classes at school. The theory of intelligence that could BEST be used to account for Davis's different levels of performance in these areas is
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Content validity
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Which type of validity is evaluated with logic more than with statistics?
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high grades in school and high-status jobs.
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People who score high on IQ tests are MORE likely than those who score low to have
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10 to 15
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The average IQ for many of the larger minority groups in the United States (such as African American, Native American, Hispanic) ranges from ____ points lower than the average IQ of Caucasians.
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reliability.
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The term that refers to the measurement of a test that examines whether the measurement is consistent is
question
Fiona would be considered "more" intelligent than Denise.
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Fiona is 8 years old and has a mental age of 10, based on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Denise is 10 and has a mental age of 12, based on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Using the intelligence quotient scoring system suggested by William Stern,
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that her performance was as good as that of an average 8-year-old child.
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When tested on the Binet-Simon scale, Ada is found to have a mental age of 8. This means
