psych 11 and 12 – Flashcards
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motivation is defined by psychologists as what?
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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal
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an complex, unlearned, and fixed pattern is common to all members of a species is called a what?
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instinct
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according to drive reduction theory, a need refers to?
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a physiological state that triggers motivation arousal
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for a thirsty person, drinking what serves to...?
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reduce a drive
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victims of a famine will often eat unutirtional foods. this is best defined as
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drive reduction theory
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the goal of homeostasis is define as
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the body's tendency to maintain a constant, internal state
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most basic need
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food and water
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according to maslow, our need for ____ must be met before _______
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adequate clothing; self esteem
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the set point is
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the specific body weight maintained by adults over a long period of time
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when an organisms weight rises above set point, they will experience
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decrease in hunger, increase in basal metabolic weight
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food unit size and variety of foods available, stress and size
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psychological influences of eating behavior
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weight set point, appetite hormones, and stomach pains are
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aspects of biological eating behavior
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studys have shown that being _____ shorten lifespan 8-10 years
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severely obese
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the first stage of the sexual response cycle
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excitement stage
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more estrogen hormones are released in females an testosterone hormones are released in?
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males
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the following contribute to teen pregnancy
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1. guilt related to sexual activity 2. alcohol use 3. mass media norms of unprotected promiscuity
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the national longitudinal study of adolescent health found out that the following things help with sexual restraint:
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being high intelligence
religious engagement
presence of a father
(not teens in counseling)
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one's sexual orientation refers to an?
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enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or other sex's
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when asked to describe personal episodes that made them feel particularly bad about themselves 4 out of 5 people describe?
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a relationship difficulty as making them feeling bad about themselves
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the following are practical suggestions to finding a healthy balance between online connecting and real world relationships
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1. monitor your time 2. monitor your feelings 3. hide your more distracting online friends
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which profession is most directly involved in the application of psychology principles to the workplace?
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industrial organization psychology
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_________ interviews do provide a sense of someone's personality and _________ interviews provide disciplined method of collecting information
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unstructured; structured
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mrs johnson is a broker-in-charge of a real estate firm. she is concerned by everyones achievement. this leadership is an example of?
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social leadership
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the basic components of emotion are?
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expressive behaviors, physiological arousel, conscious experience
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James lang theory states that to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion....
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arousing event
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according to the cannon-bard theory the body's arousal is related to the sympathetic nervous system etc nervous system in the same way that subjective awareness of emotion is related to the?
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cortex
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according to the Jamas-Lang theory, we experience emotion ____ we notice our physiological arousal. according to the cannon bard theory, we experience emotion _______ as we become physiological aroused
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after; at the same time
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the two factors theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance on _____ than does the james lang theory
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cognitive activity
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_______ system regulates the physiological arousal that accompanies different emotions
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automatic nervous
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as her professor distributed the math test, blair's heart started to pound her palms sweat . this was activated by the
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sympathetic nervous system
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________ brings the body to normal after feeling scared or anxious
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parasympathetic
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test performance is typically best when physiological arousal is?
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moderate
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what helps identify various emotions?
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facial expression and brain activity
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two problems with the polygraph test are?
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physiological arousal is much the same with different emotions and many people do respond with heightened tension to the accusing questions
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people are _________ at deterring emotion versus detecting deception and women are ________ than men in regard to nonverbal sensitivity
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stronger; stronger
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the fact that people from widely different cultures display and interpret facial expression of emotion in a similar manner best illustrates the impact of?
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human genetic similarities
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the tendency of facial muscles states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear or happiness is called?
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the facial feedback effect
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who isolated the 10 basic emotions most present infancy?
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carol izard
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the feel good, do good phenomenon refers to?
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the fact that when people happy, they are more willing to help others
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the subfield of psychology that provides contribution for the prevention and treatment of illness a
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health psychologist
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the term catharsis refers to
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emotional release
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psychologists define stress as the process by which we?
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appraise and respond to threatening or challenging events
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the three successive phases of the general adaptation syndrome
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1. alarm reaction 2. resistance 3. exhaustion
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the understanding of how stress affects our resistance to disease is the central focus of the
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field of psychology immunology
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stress is much more closely related to what health problem?
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coronary heart disease
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alicia enrolled in a work training program after losing her job this illustrates?
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problem focused coping
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social support is most likely to?
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foster stronger immune functioning
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studies have shown correlations between aerobic exercise and lowered depression and boosted mood
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true
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the textbook mentioned one study that found __________ resulted in a 30% lower cardiovascular death rate over the next 19 years?
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mediation training
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3 things could help explain the correlations found between the life spans of the regions and non religious:
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self control
social support
postitive emotions