Psych Final Exam: Questions and Answers – Flashcards
Flashcard maker : Patrick Turner
- Psychology is a type of science, the study of mental processes, and the study of human behavior
- Wilhem Wundt is considered the founding father of modern psychology.
- A correlation coefficient indicates the direction and magnitude of association between two variables
- Which approach would explain depression in terms of disordered thinking? the cognitive approach
- Which of the following would a sociocultural psychologist be likely to study? the impact of media messages on women’s body image
- Dr. Mateo believes that every child is born a “blank slate.” Children’s early environments shape their personalities, though the children may be continually affected by their environments as they grow. Everything comes down to a simple principle in Dr. Mateo’s mind: If our behaviors are followed by satisfying consequences, we will repeat them, and if the consequences are unsatisfying, we won’t repeat them. Dr. Mateo is probably a behavioral therapist.
- In the scientific method, a prediction or hypothesis is developed.
- How can causality be demonstrated? through an experiment
- Deception in psychological research. Should be allowed only if the procedure yields a significant social benefit and causes, at the most, only minimal harm.
- The American Psychological Association (APA) establishes ethical guidelines for psychologists. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) evaluates the ethical nature of research conducted at colleges and universities.
- The most complex mental functions, such as thinking and planning, take place in the cerebral cortex
- Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving information? dendrites
- Which lobe of the cerebral cortex responds to visual stimuli? occipital
- Stem cells are unique because they can develop into almost any type of cell.
- What did Michael Gazzaniga do with split brain patients? He tested the first split brain patient.
- The need to take increasing amounts of a drug to get the same effect that a lower dose used to bring is called tolerance
- A full sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes
- The behavioral approach to learning defines learning in terms of behavioral change
- In operant conditioning the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the occurrence of the behavior
- What is learning? any permanent change in behavior brought on by experience
- Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer? Catching a fish and eating it.
- Taste aversion can be explained by preparedness
- The Atkinson-Shiffrin theory of memory includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
- What is declarative memory? Declarative memory involves factual knowledge.
- Which of the following brain structures is responsible for remembering highly emotional events? amygdala
- Development refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout the course of life, involves growth and decline, and is the product of several processes
- In which of Piaget’s stages does object permanence happen? sensorimotor
- Harry Harlow studied monkeys who were raised with two “mothers,” one made of wire and one of terry cloth. What did he find? The monkeys preferred the cloth mother, even when the wire mother provided food.
- Erikson’s stage of autonomy versus shame occurs during which ages? ages one and a half through three
- Erikson’s last stage of development involves reviewing and taking stock of one’s life.
- Which of the following scenarios contains all of the elements of secure attachment? Anthony is building a space station out of building blocks, while his stepmother sits near him and gazes out the window. When she gets up and leaves to see what the neighbor is doing, Anthony starts to cry. When she comes back, he reaches out for a hug.
- What did Harry Harlow demonstrate in his classic study of attachment amongst baby monkeys? The monkeys were more attached to the artificial mothers that were warm and soft.
- Trait theories of personality examine personal characteristics that are stable across situations
- Who was the founder of psychoanalysis? Sigmund Freud
- Which of the following traits would you expect a successful graduate student to be high in? conscientiousness
- What type of personality test is the Rorschach Inkblot Test? Projective
- What is the key social emotion involved with altruism? empathy
- A stranger goes straight to the front of a long line waiting to speak with a customer service representative at a department store. In applying the fundamental attribution error, you would most likely think that stranger is a rude person.
- In his famous studies on obedience, Stanley Milgram asked participants to deliver electrical shocks to another person.
- Stereotypes are generalized beliefs about particular social groups.
- The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive checking, cleaning, counting
- A deficiency in which neurotransmitter has been implicated as a potential cause of generalized anxiety disorder? GABA
- A person who believes that the television news anchor is talking to him is suffering from a delusion
- The symptoms of schizophrenia: can vary dramatically over time.
- Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- The goal of rational-emotive behavior therapy is to get clients to hold more realistic expectations for themselves and the world.
- An irrational, persistent fear of an object, activity, or situation is called a(n) phobia
- Deinstitutionalization is the transfer of mental health clients from institutions to community agencies.
- Health psychology attempts to explain the role of psychology in establishing and maintaining health, treating illness, and preventing illness
- The link between extreme stress and cardiovascular problems can be explained by all of the following except increased physical activity
- In order, starting from the first stage, what are the stages of the general adaptation syndrome? alarm, resistance, exhaustion
- Which hormones are the brain designed to release under stress? adrenaline and cortisol
