Psych 101 Final – Flashcards
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Behavior that is inconsistent
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All of the following are criteria that are used to distinguish normal behavior from abnormal behavior EXCEPT ...
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Armand's behavior deviates from what is acceptable in a culture and is distressing for him
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30 year old Armand feels compelled to save objects that others might throw away. He is afraid that he will discard something something he will need later, so his home is filled with old junk. Armand's neighbors have complained about this and he feels embarrassed. Which criteria that define abnormality is applicable in this case?
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Maladaptive
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With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered ...
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Personally distressful over a long period of time
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Abnormal behavior is ...
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Biological approach
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Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking antidepressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr. Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, this diagnosis confirms to the ...
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Biological
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The ... approach to psychological disorders primarily focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality
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Biological
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The ... approach is evident in the medical model
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The psychological approach
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Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?
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Psychological approach
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Harry, a behavioral psychologist, is in the process of analyzing his patient Maria Valentine's report. Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). According to Harry, severe physical abuse in childhood could serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder. Maria is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma. In the context of theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of Maria's condition confirms to the ...
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Medical model
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Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks help from a doctor. She is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. Marilyn is most likely treated by a person who adheres to the ... of psychological disorders
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Sociocultural approach
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When treating a client with a psychological disorder, a therapist makes the assumption that the person's difficulties stem primarily from the context in which a person lives. This therapist most likely identifies with the ... to psychological disorders
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Sociocultural approach
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What theoretical approach to psychological disorders would be most likely to consider a person's gender and ethnicity when diagnosing a disorder?
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The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior
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Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model?
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diathesis-stress model
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The ... is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder
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It includes new diagnoses such as binge-eating disorder and gambling addiction
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Which of the following statements about the DSM-5 is true?
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It strongly focuses on the medical model and neglects factors such as poverty and trauma
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Which of the following is a criticism of DSM-5?
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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
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The ... was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States
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It treats all psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses
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Mathew is a critic of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Which of the following statements will be agreed upon by Mathew?
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Disease
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Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a ... model of psychological disorders
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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... is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Robert's teacher, Martha, has complained about his behavior on several occasions. According to Martha, Robert cannot focus in class and is constantly distracted. She also mentioned that Robert is extremely active and very impulsive by nature. If Robert were taken by his teacher to Dr. Miller, a psychiatrist, he is likely to be diagnosed with ...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Janet is worried about her son, Patrick. She finds him restless and impulsive. At times, Janet finds it exhausting to handle him because he is high-strung and shows very little concentration during his studies. She has also received several complaints from Patrick's teachers regarding his poor performance in class and his lack of focus. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Patrick is exhibiting the symptoms of ...
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anxiety disorder
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A person who regularly experiences motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts is likely to suffer from ...
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Depression
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All of the following are classified as anxiety disorders, except ...
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Motor tension, apprehensive expectations, and thoughts
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An individual diagnosed with an anxiety disorder is most likely to experience ...
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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An individual who as been experiencing persistent anxiety for the past 6 months and unable to specify the cause or source of her nervous feelings likely suffers from ...
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An individual suffering from generalized anxiety disorder is nervous most of the time
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Which of the following statements is true of generalized anxiety disorder?
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning. She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches. In spite of being constantly nervous and restless, she cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry. These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now. Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with?
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generalized anxiety disorder
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Brad has been in a state of incessant worry for almost half a year now. He has trouble sleeping and breathing. Dr. Simons, a psychiatrist, asks Brad detailed questions about his symptoms and medical history. Brad tells Dr. Simons that he cannot stop worrying and is constantly nervous. Brad also complains of muscular tension and stomach problems. After conducting a quick examination of Brad's symptoms, Dr. Simons discovers that Brad's incessant worry does not have a particular cause, and it has taken a physical toll on Brad's health. Which of the following disorders is Dr. Simmons most likely to diagnose Brad with?
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Alex has respiratory system abnormalities
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Alex has been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder. Which of the following, if true, is most likely to have played a role in the development of his disorder?
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Panic disorder
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In a ... , a person experiences recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause
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Panic disorder
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You are having dinner with your friend who experiences a sudden onset of intense terror, without warning and with no specific cause. Your friend would most likely be diagnosed as suffering from ...
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In terms of biological factors, genetic predisposition is a likely cause of panic disorder
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Which of the following statements is true of panic disorder?
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Panic disorder
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John has sudden attacks of intense fear which he experiences palpitations, he feels dizzy, and he has trouble catching his breath. During these attacks, he worries that he is going to die. From this description, it sounds like John has ...
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Panic disorder
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Dr. Davenport, a psychiatrist, is in the process of diagnosing Kelly's psychological disorder. He asks Kelly a series of questions regarding her symptoms. Kelly reveals that she often experiences overwhelming fear all of a sudden which is accompanied by pains in the chest and a feeling of helplessness. During these instances, she finds it difficult to breathe, has severe palpitations, and feels like she's going to die of cardiac arrest. In the context of psychological disorders, Dr. Davenport is most likely to diagnose Kelly with ...
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panic disorder
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John often experiences unanticipated attacks of intense fear. During these episodes, he feels like fainting and has trouble catching his breath. John cannot identify the source of his feelings and worries that he might die of heart failure. In the context of psychological disorders, John is exhibiting the symptoms of ...
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panic disorder
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Lola often experiences abrupt, brief episodes of overwhelming fear. She does not know what triggers them, but she has these attacks in the grocery store, in busy restaurants, and even while driving. During these attacks, Lola's heart pounds and she has difficulty breathing. She fears that she may go crazy or have a heart attack. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Lola may have ...
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American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder
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Which of the following statements about panic disorder is FALSE?
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An individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear
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A fear becomes a phobia when ...
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Specific phobia
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A man who is so afraid of flying and who would go to any length to avoid flying is most likely experiencing ...
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specific phobia
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Alison had sustained severe injuries after being brutally attacked by a mad dog as a child. Following that incident, Alison has been experiencing an overwhelming sense of fear and paralysis every time she sees a dog. The fear is so intense that it keeps Alison from leaving her house. Alison believes that as long as she's inside her house, the chances of encountering a dog are slim. In the context of psychological disorders, Alison is most likely to be diagnosed with ...
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Specific phobia
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Alfred suffers from an extreme and irrational fear of spiders. His fear is exaggerated and disproportionate to the actual danger he might be in if he did encounter a spider. Alfred's fear of spiders is so intense that he would go to almost any length to avoid coming into contact with them. Alfred is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following disorders?
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Many explanations of specific phobias view these disorders as based on experiences and learned associations
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Which of the following statements about specific phobia is true?
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Social phobia
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... is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public
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Social phobia
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Eric has an extreme fear of being humiliated in public. As a result, he avoids public gatherings and functions. The thought of speaking in front of the crowd induces panic in him. Which of the following best describes Eric's disorder?
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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The anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called ...
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Cleansing
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The most common compulsion exhibition by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive ...
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Obsessions/compulsions
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... are recurrent thoughts and ... are recurrent behaviors
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Jillian can't bear to leave her home without washing all the linens and floors, vacuuming the carpets, and organizing everything in her cupboards. Because she knows that her behavior is extreme, she has tried to go to work without doing all these things, but she becomes overwhelmed with such dread that she never makes it all the way to the office. Jillian probably has ...
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Alex cannot control his impulse to wash his hands every five minutes. He washes his hands almost 100 times a day because he is terrified of being contaminated by germs. If Alex doesn't wash his hands, he experiences overwhelming anxiety. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Alex is most likely to be diagnosed with ...
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obsessive compulsive disorder
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Brenda is constantly in the habit of arranging and rearranging the things in her house. She feels very anxious when things are not arranged symmetrically and engaged in this behavior to dismiss her negative feelings. Consequently, Brenda forbids children from entering her house because she is afraid that they will disturb the balance of orderliness. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, Brenda is most likely to be diagnosed with ...
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The ability to ignore or dismiss negative, intrusive thoughts
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What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who don't have OCD?
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Sometimes occurs during a period of life stress
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ...
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Individuals with OCD dwell on their doubts and repeat their routines sometimes hundreds of times a day
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Which of the following statements is true of individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
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Find it difficult to throw things away, troubled by the feeling that he might need them at a later time
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In the context of OCD-related disorders, an individual with hoarding disorder is most likely to ...
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Hoarding disorder
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Diana is afraid to throw things away because she feels that she might need them in the future. Consequently, Diana compulsively collects and stores large quantities of old newspapers, broken crockery, and old clothes. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Diana's excessive acquisition of objects and her inability to discard them are typical characteristics of ...
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Excoriation
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Emily is in the habit of picking at her skin every time she feels nervous or anxious. Emily engages in this kind of compulsive behavior to such an extent that she ends up bruising herself in the process. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Emily is most likely suffering from ...
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Trichotillomania
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Each time Harry feels anxious, he compulsively pulls hair from his scalp or eyebrows. This compulsive urge to pull his hair has made him partially bald. Harry is most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following OCD-related disorders?
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body dysmorphic disorder
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... is an OCD-related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance
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body dysmorphic disorder
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Kelly experiences a great deal of anxiety over her physical appearance. She believes that her head is too big and her nose is asymmetrical. This troubling preoccupation with her physical features interferes with Kelly's occupational and social functioning. She spends hours in front of the mirror and isolated herself from her friends. In the context of OCD-related disorders, Kelly can be most likely diagnosed with ...
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Feeling emotionally charged
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All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders EXCEPT ...
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Not every individual exposed to the same event develops PTSD
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Which of the following statements is true of post-traumatic stress disorder?
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post-traumatic stress disorder
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When Sandra was 18 years old, she was in a serious car accident. Although she made a full recovery from her injuries, she experienced extreme anxiety afterward. Sandra is now very anxious when driving, has nightmares about the accident, and flinches when she goes through intersections. Sandra has symptoms suggestive of ...
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post-traumatic stress disorder
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Soldiers who have returned from the frontlines often struggle with overwhelming anxiety, nervousness, depression, and flashbacks. In many cases, these soldiers have problems with memory and an inability to experience happiness. These characteristics are indicative of ...
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post-traumatic stress disorder
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Randy experienced a horrific childhood. She was physically and verbally abused by her mother and sexually abused by her stepfather. Years later, she began experiencing anxiety symptoms. Which of the following anxiety-related disorders would best apply to this situation?
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post-traumatic stress disorder
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Jerome was held hostage by gunmen along with 30 others in a 5-Star hotel. He had witnessed the gunmen shoot other hostages and was denied food and water for two whole days. Since then, Jerome has had trouble sleeping and focusing on his work. Sometimes, Jerome loses track of where he is and feels like he is back at the hotel. These flashback episodes terrify Jerome and disturb his peace of mind. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, it can be inferred that Jerome shows symptoms suggestive of ... psychological
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Mood
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A depressive disorder is classified as a ... disorder
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Depression
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... is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life
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Major depressive disorder
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According to the National institute of mental health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is ... that
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Two weeks
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For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics such as lethargy and hopelessness for at least ...
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Major depressive disorder
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It has been over two years since the death of her husband and Jenna still cannot cope with her loss. Since then, she feels hopeless and has been constantly preoccupied with thoughts of death and cannot seem to find much pleasure in life. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Jenna is most likely suffering from ...
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A history of manic episodes
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All of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorders EXCEPT ...
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serotonin and norepinephrine
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Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of neurotransmitters ...
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Psychological
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Learned helplessness and pessimistic attributional styles are two ways of understanding the ... factors associated with depression
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major depressive disorder
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Cathy is worried about her mental health. She visits Dr. Henderson, a psychiatrist, to seek treatment for her condition. When Dr. Henderson asks her questions about herself, Cathy reveals that she is unhappy and feels worthless most of the time. She doesn't eat or sleep well and has even contemplated suicide. Dr. Henderson also learned that Cathy has been experiencing these distressing symptoms for almost three weeks. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Henderson is likely to diagnose Cathy with ...
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Major depressive disorder
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Ever since Kerry lost her job, she has been feeling worthless. It's been more than two weeks now since she slept well. She has lost a lot of weight and keeps thinking about committing suicide. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Kerry is most likely suffering from ...
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Bipolar disorder
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... is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one ore more episodes of mania, and overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state
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Mania
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... refers to a psychological state in which an individual feels overexcited and unrealistically optimistic
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Mania
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Aria has been awake for two nights in a row and still feels highly energetic and euphoric. The previous day, she quit her job on an impulse and decided to become an actress. In the context of bipolar disorder, Aria is experiencing an episode of ...
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Bipolar disorder
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Your roommate is acting very strangely. Although she has not slept much in the past few days, she says she is on top of the world. She also took all her savings and invested it in a questionable financial venture. This period of nonstop activity has lasted for well over a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue she exhibited earlier this semester. Your roommate is exhibiting symptoms of ...
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bipolar disorder
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Dr. When is in the process of diagnosing Lily's psychological disorder. After asking Lily a few questions about her symptoms, Lily reveals that she experiences alternating episodes of euphoria and distress. On some days, Lily claims that she feels like she is capable of doing anything in the world. During this phase, she can't sleep; feels restless, and is extremely excitable. On other days, Lily feels utterly worthless and miserable. During this phase, Lily lies in bed all day and is troubled by morbid thoughts. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Dr. Wren is likely to diagnose Lily with ...
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More commonly among women/ equally common in men and women
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Depressive disorders are ... , whereas bipolar disorder is ...
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Bipolar disorder/ depressive disorder
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Genetic factors are stronger predictors of ... than of ...
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disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
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... is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out of control behavior
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anorexia nervosa
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... is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
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anorexia nervosa
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A woman who is in relentless pursuit of thinness for more than six months, so much so that she is starving herself to achieve this goal is exhibiting symptoms of ...
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anorexia nervosa
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Jessie, a young American, is obsessed about losing weight. She is paranoid about having calories and often starved herself. Despite being dangerously underweight for her age, Jessie refuses to eat as she is terrified of the possibility of gaining weight. Which of the following disorders best fits the description of Jessie's condition?
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anorexia nervosa
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... has the highest morality rate of any psychological disorder
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bulimia nervosa
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... is an eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge and purge eating pattern
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bulimia nervosa
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Chronic sore throat, kidney problems, dehydration, gastrointestinal problems, and dental problems are complications commonly experienced by individuals who suffer from ...
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High levels/ low levels
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Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have ... of perfectionism and ... of self-efficacy
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Overvalue their physical appearance, weight, and body shape
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Unlike obese individuals who do not suffer from binge-eating disorder, binge eaters are more likely to ...
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Dissociative disorders
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... involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity
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post-traumatic stress disorder
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Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of ...
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A less voluminous hippocampus and amygdala
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Individuals with dissociative disorders have ...
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dissociative identity disorder
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... is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder
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dissociative identity disorder
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Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?
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In DID, one identity dominates at one time; another takes over at another time
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Which of the following statements is true of dissociative identity disorder?
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Schizophrenia
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... is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered, psychotic thought processes
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Psychosis
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... refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed
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They are far removed from reality
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The disordered thoughts in schizophrenia are referred to as psychotic because ...
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Hallucinations/delusions
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... are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. ... are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture
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Hallucinations
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When an individual hears and sees people who are not actually there, the individual is likely to be experiencing...
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Hallucinations
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A schizophrenic patient hears multiple voices inside his head talking to him at the same time and forcing him to do things. It can be inferred that the patient is experiencing the symptom of ...
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A delusion
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A schizophrenic patient who falsely believes that he is Jesus Christ is experiencing...
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Positive symptoms/negative symptoms
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The ... of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the ... reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions
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Flat affect
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... is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion
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antisocial personality disorder
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A superficially charming person who is indifferent to the pain of others and has spent his life in and out of prison for violent crimes would most likely be diagnosed with which type of personality disorder?
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borderline personality disorder
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... is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts
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biological therapies
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Which of the following treatments reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning?
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psychologists can prescribe drugs for psychological disorders in most states
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Which of the following statements about biological therapies is FALSE?
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Clearly shows that psychotherapy works
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Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy...
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The client
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The therapeutic alliance is the relationship between the therapist and ...
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More likely to drop out of therapy
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Clients of therapists who do not monitor the quality of the therapeutic alliance are ...
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The quality of the client's participation
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Research shows that ... is the most important determinant of therapy outcome
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Psychodynamic therapies
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Which of the following therapies stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual's problems?
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Help individuals gain insight into the unconscious conflicts that are the source of their problems
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The main goal of psychoanalysis is to ...
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Freud believed that a person's current problems could be traced to childhood experiences
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Which of the following is true of psychoanalytic techniques?
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Psychodynamic
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Sean, a psychologist, told his colleague "My client must confront the conflicts he faced in his childhood and gain release from this burdening anxiety". According to this statement, it can be concluded that Sean follows a ... approach
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The therapeutic alliance
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Which of the following is the most determinant of the effectiveness of psychotherapy?
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Free association, dream interpretation, and interpreting the client's resistance to discussing painful memories
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Dr. Billings is a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. The types of techniques that she is likely to use would include ...
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Psychodynamic
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Charlotte is a psychologist who believes in the following statement, "Abnormal behavior is the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts". Since she believes in this statement, it can be inferred that Charlotte practices ... therapy
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Bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
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According to Freud's psychodynamic perspective, what is the best way to gain insight into a person's core problems?
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Catharsis
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The release of emotional tension a person experiences when reliving an emotionally charged and conflicting experience is known as ...
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Allows their deepest thoughts to emerge
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According to Freud's therapeutic technique, getting people to talk freely
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Is a psychoanalyst's search for symbolic, hidden meanings in what the client says and does during therapy
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According to the psychoanalytic approach to psychotherapy, interpretation...
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In dream analysis, every dream, including nightmares, contains a hidden, disguised unconscious wish
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the psychoanalytic technique of dream analysis?
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Latent
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According to Freudian dream analysis, the unconscious, hidden aspects that are symbolized by the manifest content of dreams refers to the ... content
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Manifest content of the dream
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James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich. His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to have sec with his neighbor's wife. Making the sandwich was the ...
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The client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life
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In psychoanalytic theory, the term transference is used to describe ...
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Transference
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Sherice started seeing a psychotherapist because of marital problems. She is unhappy because she feels her husband does not give her enough attention. After several sessions, she is quite taken with her male therapist because he gives her undivided attention. This growing affection for the therapist is called ...
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Dream analysis
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In the context of psychoanalysis, when a psychotherapist questions a client about the nightmares the client has had, the therapist is engaging in the method of ...
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Transference
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In the context of psychoanalysis, a client interacting with an analyst were a parent or lover exemplifies the concept of ...
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Derek feels attached to his psychotherapist who resembles his girlfriend
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Which of the following scenarios indicates the psychoanalytic phenomenon of transference?
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Resistance
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Bruce is seeing a therapist for his depression but he is always late and has missed several appointments. He talks about sports and the weather to try and avoid facing his problems and he often becomes argumentative with his therapist. According to psychoanalytic theory, Bruce's behavior is a classic example of ,,,
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Client-centered therapy
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Dr. Patterson tries to create a warm supportive atmosphere to help her clients improve their self-concepts and to encourage insight into problems. Dr. Patterson says little to her depressed client. Instead, she waits for him to express his feelings and for him to decide what he wants to do about his problems. This emphasis on encouraging self-reflection indicates that Dr. Patterson is practicing ...
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To encourage personal growth
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Which of the following is a primary goal of humanistic therapists?
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self-fulfillment rather than illness
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Humanistic therapies differ from psychodynamic therapies in that humanistic therapies emphasize ...
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Nondirective
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In the context of types of therapy, client-centered therapy follows a ... approach
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Humanistic
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Mary has been working with a therapist because she has felt very confused and unsure about herself for the past few years. Mary's therapist tends to be very non-directive and devoted a great deal of the session to allowing Mary to explore her identity, wants, and dreams for the future. The therapist rarely gives direct advice and instead is primarily interested in helping Mary clarify her own ideas and feelings. Mary's therapist is most likely associated with the ... perspective of psychotherapy
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Client-centered
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Dr. Laura engages in reflective listening with Bill who suffers from depression. She waits for him to express his feelings and decide what he wants to do about his problems. According to his information, it can be inferred that Dr. Laura is practicing ... therapy
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Warmth and support
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The therapeutic environment of client-centered therapy is likely to be characterized by ...
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Alan, who agreed with Gus that he is facing obstacles at work since he is frustrated with his boss
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Which of the following individuals is engaging in reflective speech?
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Individuals possess the capacity to heal themselves
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The primary premise of humanistic therapy is that ...
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Reflective speech/ client-centered therapy
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"I have never been a good problem solver. I am not direct enough I be successful," the client complained. "You do not see yourself as a first problem solver?" Responded the therapist. This conversation is an example of ... and is typical of ...
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Psychodynamic and humanistic therapies
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... are called insight therapies because they encourage self-awareness as the path to psychological health
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Reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior
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The primary goal of behavior therapy is to ...
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They strive to eliminate individuals' depressed symptoms or behaviors
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Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapies?
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Systematic desensitization
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Which of the following techniques should be most likely implemented by a behavioral therapist when a client has a fear of public speaking?
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Learn how to relax
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Jane is afraid of crowds. If her therapist uses systematic desensitization technique, Jane will be asked to ...
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Exposing someone to a feared situation in a real or an imagined way
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Systematic desensitization involves ...
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Deep relaxation
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Which of the following is a part of the process of systematic desensitization?
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systematic desensitization
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Frank is seeing a therapist for his spider phobia. The therapist first teaches him muscle relaxation and then they develop a stimulus hierarchy. Frank is seeing a therapist who uses ...
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client-centered therapy
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All of the following are considered a form of behavior therapy EXCEPT ...
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Smoking, overeating, and drinking alcohol
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Aversive conditioning can be an effective treatment for ...
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Aversive conditioning
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As part of a smoking-cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in ...
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A person who has a phobia of closed spaces
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Which of the following individuals would benefit from systematic desensitization?
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aversive conditioning
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If a therapist give an alcoholic a drink laced with a nausea-inducing drug so that she or he will become ill after drinking the alcohol, the therapist is using ...
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Applied behavior analysis
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Which of the following therapies represents the application of operant principles to psychological disorders?
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Cognitive
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... therapies emphasize that thoughts are the main source of psychological problems, and they attempt to influence and change the feelings and behaviors by changing the thoughts
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Maladaptive thoughts
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A therapist who uses cognitive restructuring believes that ... are the causes of abnormal behavior
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Beck's cognitive
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Just thinks she is depressed over her teacher's criticism of her paper. Judy's therapist explains to her that Judy's own illogical belief - that the criticism means she is stupid - is really why she is depressed. Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing ... therapy
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Illogical thoughts
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Beck's cognitive therapy focuses on ...
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Beck's cognitive
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Luanne is being treated for depression after a breakup with her boyfriend. Her therapist points out that her thoughts, and not the situation itself, cause her depression. Luanne's therapist seems to practice ... therapy
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Helping the client evaluate whether he is overestimating the nature of a situation
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Decatastrophize technique in cognitive therapy involves ...
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Examining advantages and disadvantages
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Adrian is a cognitive therapist. He intends to help his clients Troy, who feels that he is a born loser and will continue to be a loser in the future. According to this information, which of the following cognitive therapy techniques should be implemented by Adrian?
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Trying to get the patient to identify irrational and self-defeating thoughts
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A psychologist who practices cognitive therapy might try to help a patient who suffers from a major depressive disorder by ...
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Scaling
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Which of the following is a cognitive technique whereby clients rate their emotions in order to gain a perspective of their situation?
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decatastrophize
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... is a technique in cognitive therapy
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Cognitive therapy
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Cindy's therapist uses the technique of distraction to help with anxiety and asks her to count to 200 by 13s when she feels herself becoming anxious. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Cindy's therapist practices ...
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Self-efficacy
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Which of the following is an important aspect of cognitive-behavior therapy?
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They occur as a result of client's functioning below the optimal level
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Which of the following indicates the view of a humanistic therapist regarding the cause of psychological problems?
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cognitive-behavior therapy
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Tasha is seeing a therapist because she is depressed. Her therapist gives her examples of reinforcing self-statements and trains Tasha on self-instructional methods that allow her to modify her own behavior. Tasha's therapist is most likely practicing ...
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Self-instructional technique
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Carlos intends to help one of his clients who feels that he is a failure and is not capable of achieving anything in life. Which of the following cognitive therapies should be implemented by Carlos in this situation?
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Integrative therapy
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Dr. Guerrero uses different therapies based on the benefits they provide for her clients. Currently she is using a behavioral approach to treat an individual with panic disorder and a cognitive therapy approach to treat a client with major depressive disorder. Dr. Guerrero is practicing ...
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Biopsychosocial
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Integrative therapy is most compatible with the ... model of abnormal behavior
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psychosurgery
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Which of the following biomedical interventions for eliminating the symptoms of psychological disorders is used least often?
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antianxiety
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Tranquilizers are ... drugs
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anxiety disorders
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Xanax, Valium, and Librium are benzodiazepines that are commonly used drug therapies for treating ...
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Benzodiazepines
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Which of the following classes of drugs are NOT considered antidepressants?
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Tricyclics
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... treat depression by increasing the level of norepinephrine and serotonin
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Drowsiness
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Derek is suffering from anxiety disorder and is currently under medication. According to this scenario, which of the following side effects will be experienced by Derek as a result of taking his medication?
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Memory difficulties
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Avril is suffering from major depressive disorder and has been administered the drug Elavil, a tricyclic drug. According to this information, which of the following side effects is she likely to experience as a result of the intake of this drug?
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
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Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft are what type of antidepressant drugs?
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Effexor
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... inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and is also known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
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Depression
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Elizabeth visited a psychiatrist who, after interviewing her, recommended either Paxil or Prozac. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Elizabeth is most likely suffering from ...
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Anxiety disorders and eating disorders
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In addition to providing treatment for depression, antidepressant drugs may also be an effective treatment for ...
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Lesser side effect as compared to other antidepressants
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In the context of drug therapy, the widespread increase in the number of individuals taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to combat their depression is primarily due to the ...
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Bipolar disorder
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Lithium is commonly used to treat ...
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Stabilize moods
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By influencing norepinephrine and serotonin, lithium is thought to ...
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Schizophrenia
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Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat ...
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Reduce schizophrenic symptoms
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Neuroleptic drugs ...
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If an individual with schizophrenia stops taking neuroleptic drugs, the symptoms return
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Which of the following is true of neuroleptic drugs?
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Schizophrenia
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Clozapine is used to treat ...
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Neuroleptics
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Which of the following is a class of antipsychotic drugs that is administered as a part of drug therapy?
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Involuntary muscle movement
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Chaz has been on antipsychotic medication for several weeks now. As a consequence, he is most likely to experience the side effect of ...
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tardive dyskinesia
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The potential side effect of neuroleptic drugs is ... , a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary random movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and mouth, as well as extensive twitching of the neck, arms, and legs
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To set off a seizure in the brain
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The goal of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is ...
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Toxicity
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The side effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors prescribed for agoraphobia is ...
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Tricyclics drugs
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Which of the following class of drugs is used to test agoraphobia?
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Severe depression
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ETC) is a treatment sometimes used for ...
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Clients have better treatment outcomes
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Researchers have found that when there is an ethnic match between the therapist and the client and when ethnic-specific services are provided...
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Electroconvulsive therapy
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Ivan is very depressed, and the danger of suicide is eminent. He is not responding to the drugs normally employed to treat depression. Which of the following treatments is most likely to prove helpful in reducing Ivan's depression and suicidal behavior?
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Nausea
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Gabriella has been diagnosed with depression and is currently under medication. Her doctor has prescribed her selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. According to this information, which of the following side effects will be experienced by Gabriella as a result of taking this medication?
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Electroconvulsive therapy
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According to biological forms of therapy, when an individual is suffering from a severe episode of major depressive disorder, which of the following treatment approaches will be useful in reducing his symptoms in the short-run and provide rapid relief to the person's mood?
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Brad, who is contemplating suicide
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Who among the following is most suitable for electroconvulsive therapy?
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Psychosurgery
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Which of the following is a biological intervention that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve an individual's adjustment?
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The effects of psychosurgery can be reversed with intensive therapy
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Which of the following statements about psychosurgery is FALSE?
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Psychosurgery
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Which of the following forms of treatment would be used only as a last resort to help patients with severely debilitating conditions
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universality
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Which of the following features of group therapy helps individuals who share a psychological disorder observe that others feel anguish and suffering as well?
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altruism
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Which of the following is a characteristic of group therapy?
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Clients have more opportunity to develop social skills
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A major advantage to group therapy is that ...
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The psychological symptoms of a person are a function of the family relationship
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Dr. Susan is your family therapist. She believes that to adequately understand psychological problems, she must understand the role that you play in the family system. Which of these statements supports that underlying belief?
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the therapist finding something positive to say to each family member
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Among the techniques used in family therapy, validation involves ...
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structural change
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Taylor is a family therapist who intends to resolve a mother-child coalition that has formed in the case of her client Hannah, since Hannah's husband does not spend quality time with them. According to this information, it can be inferred that Taylor is likely to implement the ... technique.
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reframing
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Elizabeth, a family therapist, tells Roy's family that his problem of cocaine addiction is related to the dynamics that exists within their family. According to this information, it can be inferred that Elizabeth practices the ... technique.
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structural change
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Which of the following is a technique that is used in family therapy?
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reframing
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In the context of family therapy, getting the family to acknowledge that the problem is a family problem and not just the problem of one individual is known as ...
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family therapy
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Validation, reframing, structural change, and detriangulation are techniques most commonly used in ...
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detriangulation
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One aspect of family therapy is the idea that a family member's symptoms are a function the family relationships. If, for example, a teenage son is the scapegoat of the parents, which family-therapy technique would be the most appropriate to use?
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to improve the communication between the partners
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Which of the following is a goal of couples therapy?
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self-help support groups
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Which of the following forms of treatment relies on paraprofessionals?
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Self-help support groups provide members with a sympathetic audience for social sharing and emotional release
answer
Which of the following is true of self-help support groups?
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self-help support group
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John, an alcoholic, does not have much money, but requires the help of a mental-health professional. He might best be served by contacting a ...
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self-help group
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Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is based on which of the following therapeutic approaches?
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empowerment
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Community mental health programs seek to help people who are disenfranchised from society to lead happier, more productive lives through the concept of ...
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Transferring individuals with psychological disorders from mental institutions to community-based facilities
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In the context of community mental-health movement, deinstitutionalization involves ...
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family therapy
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Given that collectivist cultures place more importance on the group than on the individual, some psychologists have suggested that ... is likely to be more effective with people from Asian and Latino cultures
