psyc quiz 5 – Flashcards
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psychologists who examine learning from a behavioral perspective define learning as
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the relative stable, observable changes in a persons action
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your psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors your relatives that indicate learning. which of the following should be included on your list
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your little brother whines whenever he wants something
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In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between 2
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stimuli
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organisms learn about the consequences of behavior through
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operant conditioning
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classical and operant conditioning involve learning through _________, whereas observational learning involves learning through_________/
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association/ watching and imitation
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which of the following is true of observational learning?
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observational learning is one way in which human infants acquire skills
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which of the following is the best example of an unconditioned consequence?
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sneezing after sniffing pepper
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______ is the initial learning of the connection between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus when these two stimuli are paired
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acquisition
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taste aversion is an example of
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classical conditioning
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which of the following helps to explain drug habituation?
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classical conditioning
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in operant conditioning _________ refers to rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior
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shaping
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which of the following is an example of reinforcement?
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Jeff wakes up a few seconds before his alarm clock goes off in order to avoid the obnoxious alarm sign
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________ is considered a secondary reinforcer
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money
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in operant conditioning, discrimination occurs when
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an organism responds appropriately to stimuli that signal that a behavior will or will not be reinforced
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which of the following is true of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning
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it reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors
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___________ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur
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punishment
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in operant conditioning, continuous reinforcement..
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is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly
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which of the following is true of a variable-interval schedule in operant conditioning
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it reinforces a behavior after an inconsistant and unpredictable amount of time has elapsed
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which of the following is true of a fixed interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?
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it reinforces the first behavior after a set amount of time has passed
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which of the following is true of a variable-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?
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it produces high, steady rates of behavior that are more resistant to extinction than other schedules
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in observational learning, the first process that must occur is
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attention
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Tolman focused on cognitive mechanisms in studying the
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purposiveness of behavior
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unreinforced learning that is not immediately reflected in behavior
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latent learning
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miranda is learning to play tennis. for her first tennis lesson her instructor models serving and backhand returns while miranda patiently watches. Miranda then tries to imitate the sequence of swings and motions made by her instructor. which of the following concepts best describes Mirandas learning process?
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observational learning
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__________ in classical conditioning is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent
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extinction
