PSYC FINAL EXAM (Ch. 21) – Flashcards

The idea of g assumes that intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities. According to this concept, people have varying levels of this general ability.

the first cross-sequential study of adult intelligence. This study began in 1965; the most recent testing was conducted in 2005.

types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough. Abilities such as short-term memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking are all usually considered part of _________________.

types of intellectual ability that reflect accumulated learning. Vocabulary and general information are examples. Some developmental psychologists think ____________________ increases with age, while fluid intelligence declines.

a form of intelligence that involves such mental processes as abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention, and information processing, as well as verbal and logical skills.

a form of intelligence that involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative.

the intellectual skills used in everyday problem solving. (Sometimes called tacit intelligence).

the theory, developed by Paul and Margaret Baltes, that people try to maintain a balance in their lives by looking for the best way to compensate for physical and cognitive losses and to become more proficient in activities they can already do well.

someone who is notably more skilled and knowledgeable than then average person about whichever activities are personally meaningful.

thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought. Experts process most tasks automatically, saving conscious thought for unfamiliar challenges.

a term formerly used to denigrate domestic and caregiving tasks that were once thought to be the responsibility of females.

Practical intelligence would be most needed to: A. understand the needs of family members. B. take a standard intelligence test. C. study vocabulary for a foreign language test. D. improve reading speed.

Which of Sternberg's three forms of intelligence could be called "street smarts"? A. creative B. practical C. general D. analytic

The Flynn effect refers to the: A. rise in an individual's IQ over the years. B. rise in average IQ over the generations. C. decrease in average IQ over the generations. D. decrease in an individual's IQ over the years.

The term g refers to: A. grand intelligence. B. gross intelligence. C. general intelligence. D. great intelligence.

Compared to novices, experts: A. work more slowly. B. exhibit each of the qualities listed in the responses. C. are less flexible. D. are more intuitive.

What did Baltes and Baltes call the capacity of adults to use their intellectual strengths to compensate for declining capacities? A. selective optimization with compensation B. optimization of maturation and wisdom C. maturation of compensation D. compensatory thinking

In his or her special area, the expert is more likely than the novice to: A. rely on formal procedures to solve a problem. B. verbalize exactly how he or she achieves results. C. give conscious attention to all aspects of performance. D. experiment or deviate from the usual way of doing things.

For a typical middle-aged adult, intelligence increases: A. in the specific areas that reflect his or her interest. B. in all areas throughout adulthood. C. slightly in random ways. D. only in areas associated with work and employment.

According to many developmentalists, the key to successful aging is: A. reading and playing chess regularly. B. fluid intelligence in large measure. C. the capacity to accommodate to changes over time. D. the active use of cognitive skills such as completing crossword puzzles daily.

A psychologist who is studying the mathematical abilities of adults finds significant differences between the scores of adults born 50 years ago, when rote learning was stressed, and those born 25 years ago, when more "progressive" approaches to education were popular. This is an example of a(n): A. intellectual decline in middle adulthood. B. cohort difference. C. advantage of cross-sectional research. D. failure of longitudinal research.

Who proposed the existence of g? A. Thurstone B. Gardner C. Sternberg D. Spearman

A problem with cross-sectional research is that: A. cohort differences can make it difficult to differentiate between developmental change and cohort differences. B. the results tend not to be worth the large investment. C. the most intelligent people are most likely to drop out of the study. D. retesting leads older subjects to do better.

During adulthood, fluid intelligence: A. remains about the same. B. decreases only if crystallized intelligence also declines. C. increases. D. decreases.

Which of the following statements about the Flynn effect is true? A. It is probably caused by genetic differences in intelligence. B. It necessitates the renorming of IQ tests every 15 years or so. C. It validates the comparison of the IQs of older and younger people. D. It indicates that adults lose some intellectual power as they age.

Creative intelligence requires ______ thinking. A. divergent B. adaptive C. convergent D. practical

Analytic intelligence is particularly valued in: A. adulthood. B. emerging adulthood. C. old age. D. late adulthood.

K. Warner Schaie traced which of the following intelligences over the years of adulthood? A. general intelligence B. eight distinct intelligences C. fluid and crystallized intelligences D. five primary abilities

Analytic intelligence involves: A. the skills used in everyday problem solving. B. the accumulation of facts and knowledge as a result of experience and planning. C. abstract planning, focused attention, and verbal and logical skills. D. the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative.