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A person's conformity in a situation like the Asch line study is most likely to be strongest when

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that person is from Hong Kong

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In groupthink, members of the group

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have an illusion of invulnerability

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When members of a cult are trying to enlist a new recruit, they start by asking the recruit to make a small commitment, such as attending a short meeting or helping out at a social function. Then the commitments get more involved, such as staying for a longer period of time and eventually for major donations of money and moving in with the cult members. This is most like which of the following techniques?

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foot-in-the-door technique

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Which of the following has been shown to be true concerning the "teachers" in Milgram's experiment?

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Only a very small percentage showed any signs of psychological problems after one year

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Alex, who is in the honors program, failed to do his share of the work on the group project with his four classmates. Alex was most likely engaging in

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social loafing

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Which of the following represents the cognitive component of an attitude?

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"Italian food is the best of the European cuisines."

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Lilly's mother always listens to the classic rock station on her car radio, so Lilly has grown up hearing that music and noticing how much her mother enjoys of it. Now Lilly says that classic rock is her favorite music, too. Lilly's attitude toward classic rock was most likely acquired through

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vicarious conditioning

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Physical attractiveness is most involved in which of the following aspects of persuasion?

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the source

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Which of the following is not one of the elements of effective persuasion?

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presence of supporters

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"I didn't like the sermon at all today. It was too long, and that preacher wasn't dressed up enough" would be an example of which type of processing?

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peripheral-route processing

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In the famous Festinger experiment, participants were paid either $1 or $20 to lie to people in the waiting room about how interesting the task really was. The participants who convinced themselves that the task really was fun were the ones who were

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paid only $1

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Which of the following statements about stereotypes is FALSE?

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Stereotypes are governed by the recency effect

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Mental patterns that represent what a person believes about certain types of people are called

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schemas

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Elizabeth's room is almost always a mess. Her parents attribute this to Elizabeth's laziness. This is an example of a __________ cause.

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dispositional

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John was late to class, and his friend Eddie assumes that John simply doesn't care about being on time. But when Eddie is late the next day, he blames it on heavy traffic. Eddie has made the

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fundamental attribution error

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In Asian cultures, people tend to explain the behavior of others as a result of

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situational factors

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The behavioral component of prejudice is

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discrimination

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The most likely predictor of the development of prejudice and discrimination between two groups is the degree of __________ between the groups.

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conflict

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In teacher Jane Elliot's classic study, the most startling finding was that the

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test scores of each group decreased when it was the out-group

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Which of the following is not an element of social identity theory?

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superordinate goals

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Which situation would be least likely to result in a decrease of prejudice?

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asking people to work on separate projects but in the same room

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Which of the following is not one of the reasons given by the text for interpersonal attraction?

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personality

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The more you see someone, the more likely you are to __________ that person

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like

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A person who is very low in self-worth is less likely to be affected by the

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reciprocity of liking effect

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According to Sternberg, the emotional and physical arousal a person feels for another is the __________ component of love

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passion

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Which of the following has not been studied as a cause of aggressive behavior?

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marijuana

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The area of the brain that is most involved in aggression is the

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amygdala

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Which of the following statements is true?

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Abused children grow up to become abusers about one-third of the time

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According to the bystander effect, Leshan is more likely to get help if there is (are)

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only one other person standing nearby

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In the Latané and Darley experiment, subjects were most likely to help when

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they were alone in the room

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Once a situation has been defined as an emergency, the next step in the decision-making process is

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taking responsibility

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Studies have found the degree of conformity to be greater in __________ cultures

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collectivistic

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To prevent groupthink, members of a group should do all but which of the following?

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Discourage questions and alternate solutions

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Maria's fellow professor asked her to teach an honors class in the spring. Maria agreed only to find out after agreeing that teaching such a course also meant that she would have to attend meetings of the honors professors, go to honors-oriented conventions, and take on special advising duties. Maria had fallen victim to the __________ technique.

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lowball

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Some researchers believe that Milgram's results were a form of the __________ technique of persuasion.

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foot-in-the-door

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Sandy loves to play pool and has become quite good at the game. Lately, she has noticed that she seems to play better when there are people watching her than when she is playing alone. This difference in Sandy's playing is most likely the result of

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social facilitation

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Jerry goes to a lot of dog races because he enjoys them and loves to see the dogs run. For Jerry, going to the dog races a lot represents the __________ component of an attitude

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affective

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The public service messages that encourage parents to sit down with their children and talk frankly about drugs are promoting which method of attitude formation?

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direct instruction

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Researchers have found that a __________ degree of fear in a message makes it more effective, particularly when it is combined with __________ .

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moderate; information about how to prevent the fearful consequences

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Sandy was a juror in the trial for a man accused of stealing guns from a sporting goods store. The defendant was not very well-spoken and came from a very poor background, but Sandy listened carefully to the evidence presented and made her decision based on that. Sandy was using __________ processing

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central-route

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Which of the following is not one of the three things people do to reduce cognitive dissonance?

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ignore the conflict

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Gerard goes to his job interview dressed in patched blue jeans, a torn t-shirt, and sandals. His hair is uncombed and he hasn't shaved in a few days. Obviously, Gerard knows nothing about

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impression formation

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Sets of assumptions that people have about how different types of people, personality traits, and actions are all related to each other are called

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implicit personality theories

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If behavior is assumed to be caused by internal personality characteristics, this is known as

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a dispositional cause

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The people with whom a person identifies most strongly are called the

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in-group

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Prejudice and discrimination are least likely to develop in which of the following situations?

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two different groups dealing with the aftermath of a hurricane

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The __________ explanation of prejudice assumes that the same processes that help form other attitudes form prejudiced attitudes.

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social cognitive

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Patrick is very proud of his Irish heritage and thinks of himself as an Irish American. Patrick has a strong

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social identity

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The self-fulfilling prophecy is a negative outcome of

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stereotype vulnerability

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The "Robber's Cave" experiment showed the value of __________ in combating prejudice

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equal status contact

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Sarah found her soulmate, Jon, when she moved to a small town in Florida. According to research in interpersonal attraction, the most likely explanation for them to "find" each other is

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proximity

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According to Sternberg, married (committed) people who also have intimacy and passion are in the form of love called __________ love

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consummate

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The concept of aggression as a basic human instinct driving people to destructive acts was part of early __________ theory

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psychoanalytical

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The neurotransmitter that seems most involved in aggression is

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testosterone

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Violent video games have been blamed for all but which of the following

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increased levels of altruism in children

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To which two processes do most social psychologists attribute the failure of Kitty Genovese's neighbors to help her?

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bystander effect and diffusion of responsibility

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Cults use all of the following except __________ to gain new members

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talking with parents of the recruit

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Cries for help, shouting, and loud noises all help with which step in the decision process for helping?

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defining an emergency

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Which statement is correct concerning cross-cultural research on the fundamental attribution error?

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Eastern cultures like Japan seem to make more situational attributions than Western cultures such as the United States.

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What is the the primacy effect, as it relates to impression formation, more commonly known as?

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first impression

question

A teacher decides against assigning group projects in which all group members get the same grade. What social psychological phenomenon might the teacher be concerned about?

answer

social loafing

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Upon arriving at college and meeting your roommate, you sigh mightily as you listen to his endless droning on about how wonderful his girlfriend back home is. "I miss her so much and I can't wait to see her during Thanksgiving break," he comments. Knowing a bit about social psychology and the rules of interpersonal attraction, what are you most likely to think to yourself?

answer

This relationship is doomed, because the rule of proximity says that people are most attracted to those who are nearby, not far away.

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In a crowded mall parking lot, dozens of people hear a female voice yell, "He's killing me!" Yet no one calls the police. What is the reason for the lack of action, according to Darley and Latané?

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Diffusion of responsibility is the reason most people do not respond.

question

Which factor significantly decreased the likelihood of conformity in Solomon Asch's studies?

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one confederate gave a correct response

question

Luther operates a small nightclub that specializes in soul music and features up-and-coming African American singing groups. He actively discourages white couples from coming in and always gives them the worst seats if they insist on being admitted. Luther's behavior is BEST described as an example of ________.

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discrimination

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Which statement is the best explanation of the fundamental attribution error?

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We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes.

question

You want to visit Argentina but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. Which component of attitude is being affected?

answer

cognitive

question

Roberta is trying to decide whether to vote for a political candidate. Based on what she has read about him, she has concluded that he is not qualified for the position, but she agrees with his political positions. Also, she trusts him and likes his decisive personality. In fact, she likes him so much that she sent a small donation to his campaign. Her opinion that the candidate is not qualified represents the ________ component of her attitude toward him

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cognitive

question

A state of discomfort or distress that occurs when a person's attitudes do not match the person's actions is called ________

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cognitive dissonance

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Social comparison occurs when ________

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two people enter a beauty contest

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In Zimbardo's prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. After the prisoners staged a revolt, the researchers found that ________

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the guards became more aggressive

question

Your best friend has been acting rather cool toward you lately. As you try to figure out why, you are engaging in the process called ________

answer

attribution

question

John has practiced his difficult trumpet solo over and over before his performance. He has played it perfectly in his practice room. However, when he performs in public he makes mistakes due to his anxiety. John is a victim of ________

answer

social impairment

question

What term refers to helping behavior that is performed voluntarily for the benefit of another person, with no anticipation of reward?

answer

altruism

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