question

The evolutionary perspective draws from the field of ethology, which examines the ways in which our biological makeup influences our behavior. Who was a primary proponent of ethology? a. Lev Vygotsky b. Charles Darwin c. Konrad Lorenz d. Urie Bronfenbrenner

answer

c

question

Researchers who are interested in the relationship between televised aggression and subsequent behavior have found that children who watch a good deal of televised aggression (e.g., murders, crime shows, shootings) tend to be more aggressive than those who watch only a little of this type of TV programming. This is an example of a(n) _______ study. a. correlational b. case c. experimental d. theoretical

answer

a

question

Sensitive periods differ from critical periods in that _____ a. they recognize plasticity, or the ability of developing individuals to overcome earlier deficits. b. sensitive periods involve critical environmental stimuli necessary for normal development to occur. c. they deal only with stages later in the lifespan, whereas critical periods occur during prenatal development. d. problems associated with sensitive periods are harder for individuals to overcome.

answer

a

question

In a visual representation of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological approach, the _______ underlies the concentric circles representing the individual, the microsystem, the mesosystem, and so forth; it represents the passage of time and its effect on the child's development. a. chronosystem b. exosystem c. ecosystem d. macrosystem

answer

a

question

Eight-year-old Liz has learned with the help of her mother to plant a garden and now her family is eating vegetables Liz has grown. Liz feels a sense of competence and pride. She is experiencing the positive outcomes of Erikson's _________ stage. a. industry vs. inferiority b. trust vs. mistrust c. initiative vs. guilt d. autonomy vs. shame and doubt

answer

a

question

The idea that many different perspectives can be harmoniously combined is the basis of the _______ approach. a. humanistic b. evolutionary c. contextual d. eclectic

answer

d

question

_______ occurs when an organism learns to respond in a particular way to a neutral stimulus; that is, a stimulus that does not ordinarily evoke that kind of response. a. Classical conditioning b. Psychodynamic insight c. Social-cognitive behavior d. Operant conditioning

answer

a

question

Courtney is a naturally cranky baby, and as a result her parents rush to quiet her whenever she starts to cry. Courtney's behavior is exerting an indirect influence on the _______ in which she is being raised. a. sensitive period b. cohort c. environment d. maturation

answer

c

question

The _______ perspective emphasizes free will, the ability we each have to make decisions about our lives and control our behavior. a. neurobiological b. behavioral c. humanistic d. social-cognitive

answer

c

question

Jeff's mother has had a stressful day at the office. When she comes home, she doesn't even say "Hello," she just snaps at Jeff about not having his chores done. This is an example of Bronfenbrenner's ________ in action. a. macrosystem b. microsystem c. exosystem d. mesosystem

answer

d

question

Broad, organized explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest, providing a framework for understanding the relationships among a seemingly unorganized set of facts or principles, are called _____ a. natural laws. b. approaches. c. theories. d. perspectives.

answer

c

question

According to the humanistic perspective, the ability of humans to make choices and come to decisions about their lives is called _____ a. self-actualization. b. unconditional positive regard. c. predetermination. d. free will.

answer

d

question

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of research ethics that is approved by the American Psychological Association? a. Researchers must protect participants from physical and psychological harm. b. Research participants must never be deceived. c. Research participants' privacy must be maintained. d. Researchers must obtain informed consent from participants before their involvement in a study.

answer

b

question

Which approach builds on Piaget's research, views cognition as made up of different types of individual skills, and uses terminology from information processing approaches? a. Cognitive perspective b. Neo-Piagetian theory c. Information processing d. Social-cognitive learning theory

answer

c

question

A lifespan developmentalist takes not only his clients into consideration but also their relationships to their physical, cognitive, and social worlds. He uses a __________ a. humanistic perspective. b. contextual perspective. c. social-cognitive learning theory. d. cognitive neuroscience approach.

answer

b

question

This Swiss psychologist lived from 1896 to 1980 and is considered the most influential researcher in the field of cognitive development. a. Erik Erikson b. Sigmund Freud c. Jean Piaget d. Alfred Adler

answer

c

question

The introduction of an unpleasant or painful stimulus, or the removal of a desirable stimulus, can be used to decrease the probability that a preceding behavior will occur in the future. This is called _____ a. classical conditioning. b. reinforcement. c. social-cognitive learning. d. punishment.

answer

d

question

Which type of research method focuses on the relationship between physiological processes and behavior? a. Ethnography b. Case study c. Experimental d. Psychophysiological

answer

d

question

Freud believed that the id operates on the _____ a. reality principle. b. conscientious level. c. pleasure principle. d. conscious level.

answer

c

question

When the behavior of one or more study participants is measured over the course of time as they grow older, this is called _______ research. a. survey b. longitudinal c. sequential d. cross-sectional

answer

b

question

Using a real-world setting for an experiment is the hallmark of a(n) _____ a. cross-sectional study. b. laboratory study. c. field study. d. control group.

answer

c

question

Dr. Schmidt conducts a study examining ways in which college instructors can teach students to think more critically. From this description, we can tell that Dr. Schmidt's research would be considered _____ a. theoretical. b. applied. c. experimental. d. correlational.

answer

b

question

The variable that is measured or observed by a researcher conducting an experimental research design is called the ________ variable. a. independent b. descriptive c. correlational d. dependent

answer

d

question

The _______ is the process of posing and answering questions using careful, controlled techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and data collection. a. scientific method b. hypothesis generation technique c. ideological approach d. correlational method

answer

a

question

Freud believed that if children are denied gratification or over-gratified in a particular stage of development, _______ at this earlier developmental stage may later occur. a. patterning b. projection c. fixation d. frustration

answer

c

question

By the time a woman is 42 years old, _______ of her eggs are no longer normal. a. 50% b. 25% c. 90% d. 77%

answer

c

question

Bonnie and Bill Brown are fraternal twins. Judy and Jon Jensen are siblings. Bill and Jon have each been diagnosed with schizophrenia. What are Bonnie's and Judy's chances of developing schizophrenia? a. Bonnie's risk is 17%, whereas Judy's is 9%. b. They are the same: about 48%. c. Bonnie's risk is 9%, whereas Judy's is 17%. d. Bonnie's risk is 48%, whereas Judy's is 17%.

answer

a

question

Which of the following are more likely to give birth to twins or other multiples? a. Females in their teens b. Older females c .Depressed females d. Malnourished females

answer

b

question

If one monozygotic twin has schizophrenia, the other twin has a 50% risk of developing schizophrenia. However, if genetics were the sole cause, the risk for the other twin would be a. 25%. b. 100%. c. 75%. d. 0%.

answer

b

question

In the normal progression of physical development during the prenatal period, the ________ begin(s) to develop at the latest point. a. arms b. heart c. external genitalia d. palate

answer

c

question

Patricia visits a genetic counselor to discuss screening for genetic disorders in her unborn child. She is given a(n) _______ , which tests the amniotic fluid for abnormalities. a. sonogram b. amniocentesis c. chorionic villus sampling d. sonoembryology

answer

b

question

What is the stage of pregnancy that begins at about 8 weeks after conception and continues until birth? a. fetal stage b. fertilization stage c. embryonic stage d. germinal stage

answer

a

question

In _______, a genotype provides a particular range within which a phenotype may achieve expression; thus, the trait is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. a. spontaneous mutation b. multifactorial transmission c. gene therapy d. polygenic inheritance

answer

b

question

One male in 400 is born with _______, a condition characterized by an extra X chromosome (XXY). a. cystic fibrosis b. Klinefelter's syndrome c. Turner syndrome d. Tay-Sachs disease

answer

b

question

For ethical reasons, researchers cannot take newborn identical twins and assign them to be raised in different environments. However, they can and do_____ a. make secret observations of identical twins when they are separated at birth and placed in adoptive homes. b. make this type of assignment with newborn fraternal twins. c. return adopted infants to their birth parents to be observed for a period of time. d. study various combinations of identical and nonidentical twins, adopted and nonadopted twins and siblings, and parents and children.

answer

d

question

A task force of the American Psychological Association looked at the aftereffects of abortion and found that, following an abortion, most women _____ a. experienced uncontrollable rage and anger. b. became deeply depressed. c. experienced no emotional effects. d. experienced a combination of relief, regret, and guilt.

answer

d

question

Alison has started having contractions a month before her due date. When she arrives at the hospital, the doctor uses a fetal heart monitor to check the fetal heart rate. Alison is relieved to find the heart rate is in the typical range between _______ beats per minute a. 120 and 160 b. 60 and 90 c. 100 and 125 d. 30 and 60

answer

a

question

_______ is a condition in which children whose mothers consumed alcohol during pregnancy display some, but not all, of the problems of fetal alcohol syndrome. a. Fetal alcohol effects (FAE) b. Teratogenesis c. Childhood alcohol syndrome (CAS) d. Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

answer

a

question

Emma is concerned about the health of her fetus. She knows that at her age the risk of conceiving a child with pregnancy and birth complications begins to increase significantly. Emma is most likely over the age of _____ a. 25. b. 30. c. 20. d. 27.

answer

b

question

A child receives _______ chromosome(s) from each parent a. one pair of b. a single c. 46 d. 23

answer

d

question

A man is more likely to suffer hemophilia, a blood disorder, because it is produced by _______ a. X-Y pairings. b. phenylketonuria. c. X-linked genes. d. alleles.

answer

c

question

Sometimes genes, for no known reason, suddenly change their form, a process called a. cystic fibrosis. b. infertility. c. fragile X syndrome. d. spontaneous mutation.

answer

d

question

A _______ gene may be passed on unknowingly from one generation to the next, revealing itself only when it is paired with another gene of the same type a. recessive b. dominant c. spontaneously mutated d. therapeutic

answer

a

question

A developing embryo has three distinct layers that will form different sets of structures. The layer that forms skin, hair, teeth, sense organs, brain, and spinal cord is the _____ a. ectoderm. b. mesoderm. c. endoderm. d. pachyderm.

answer

a

question

The _______ serves as a conduit between the mother and fetus, providing nourishment and oxygen via the umbilical cord. a. ectoderm b. chorionic villus c. endosperm d. placenta

answer

d

question

During the ________ stage of prenatal development, the fertilized ovum travels toward the uterus and engages in cell division a. embryonic b. germinal c. umbilical d. fetal

answer

b

question

What illness, when contracted by woman in the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, can cause serious consequences in the baby, including blindness, deafness, heart defects, or brain damage? a. Chicken pox b. Syphilis c. Rubella (German measles) d. Strep throat

answer

c

question

Male and female reproductive cells - sperm and ova - are known as _____ a. zygotes. b. embryos. c. two-in-ones. d. gametes.

answer

d

question

Most inherited traits are the result of _______ inheritance, in which multiple gene pairs combine to produce a particular trait. a. X-linked b. heterozygous c. polygenic d. homozygous

answer

c

question

The earliest routine prenatal test is a first-trimester screen, which is usually done in the 11th to 13th week of pregnancy. It includes a blood test and _____ a. chorionic villus sampling. b. ultrasound sonography. c. embryoscopy. d. amniocentesis.

answer

b

question

The American Academy of Pediatrics states that women should stay in the hospital at least _______ after giving birth a. 24 hours b. 72 hours c. 48 hours d. 36 hours

answer

c

question

The baby's head and body emerge through the birth canal during which stage of labor? a. transition stage b. second stage c. first stage d. third stage

answer

b

question

Traditional medical practices in the United States did not allow fathers and other family members to be present with a woman in labor until _____ a. the 1950s. b. the early 1990s. c. World War II. d. the early 1970s.

answer

d

question

The amount of danger facing a preterm infant largely depends on the infant's _______ at birth a. length b. head circumference c. torso-to-leg ratio d. weight

answer

d

question

The _______ scale measures infants' health by assessing appearance (color), pulse (heart rate), grimace (reflex irritability), activity (muscle tone), and respiration (respiratory effort). a. Brazelton b. Apgar c. Anoxia d. Lorenz

answer

b

question

Which of the following is a negative effect resulting from the use of epidurals or pain-reducing drugs during the childbirth process? a. A depressed flow of oxygen to the fetus b. Difficulty for the mother in initiating breastfeeding c. An increase in the baby's birthweight d. Excessive infant activity

answer

a

question

One way researchers assess habituation in infants is by measuring a. maturity. b. growth rate. c. prematurity. d. heart rate.

answer

d

question

When baby Matthew first saw the toy fire truck, he exhibited intensified sucking on his pacifier. Gradually, his sucking rate slowed and he seemed bored. Matthew's eventual disinterest in the truck was probably a sign of _____ a. habituation. b. conditioning. c. discrimination. d. inattention.

answer

a

question

Although approximately 50% of preterm and low-birthweight births are unexplained, which of the following factors is tied to premature deliveries? a. Difficulties related to the father's reproductive system b. Being of Middle Eastern descent c. Carrying twins or other multiple fetuses d. Waiting to become pregnant until at least 12 months after the previous delivery

answer

c

question

What is considered the most extreme case of prematurity? a. small-for-gestational-age infants b. Preterm infants c. Low-birthweight infants d. Very-low-birthweight Infants

answer

d

question

Because Cesarean delivery is different from vaginal delivery, it poses different risks to the infant. One such risk involves _____ a. an increase in stress-related hormones. b. a lack of stress-related hormones. c. increased crying on the part of the infant. d. increased risk of gestational diabetes.

answer

b

question

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by the Lamaze technique, Bradley Method, and hypnobirthing approach? a. Avoiding medication and medical interventions during labor b. Using relaxation techniques to manage the pain of labor c. Involving a partner (usually the baby's father) as a labor coach d. Giving birth under water in a tepid bath

answer

b

question

What is it that distinguishes the third stage of labor from those that come before it? a. During the third stage, the baby's umbilical cord and placenta are expelled from the mother. b. Children born in the breech position are expelled during the third stage, while children born in the standard position are born during the second stage. c. During the third stage, the mother generally does not feel nearly as much pain. d. Oxytocin levels drop during the third stage, while they rise during the first two stages.

answer

a

question

The neck of the uterus, which separates it from the vagina, is called the a. transition. b. cervix. c. expansion. d. episiotomy.

answer

b

question

According to the requirements of different states in the U.S., the number of screening tests given to newborns can vary from a. 15 to 20. b. 7 to 10. c. 3 to 30. d. 6 to 60.

answer

c

question

Approximately _______ mothers in the United States have a Cesarean delivery each year a. 500,000 b. 750,000 c. 100,000 d. 1,000,000

answer

d

question

Cesarean delivery is used in the presence of fetal distress, including such conditions as a rise in heart rate, blood coming from the mother's vagina during delivery, or ______ a. high levels of stress-related hormones. b. labor that lasts for more than 3 hours. c. the baby is in a transverse position. d. fetal monitor malfunction.

answer

c

question

The infant mortality rate in the United States is almost double that of a. Russia. b. Japan. c. Kuwait. d. Italy.

answer

b

question

Very-low-birthweight babies are in grave danger from the moment they are born because _________________ a. of the immaturity of their organ systems. b. of exposure to toxic air and other substances. c. the rejection by the mother. d. their eyes are fused shut so they cannot see.

answer

a

question

A birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than traveling through the birth canal, is called a. a Cesarean delivery, or c-section. b. anoxia. c. a postmature delivery. d. a stillbirth.

answer

a

question

When Lynn was 7 months pregnant, she began to experience Braxton-Hicks contractions, which signified _____ a. nothing; she was experiencing false labor. b. that Lynn was malnourished. c. that her baby would be born prematurely. d. that her fetus was in distress.

answer

a

question

Postpartum depression affects approximately _______ of all new mothers a. 10% b. 42% c. 2% d. 19%

answer

a

question

Infant mortality has been declining. As of 2009, the United States infant mortality rate was _______ death(s) per 1,000 live births a. 1 b. 12.3 c. 2.5 d. 5.98

answer

d

question

The use of a Cesarean delivery can make a newborn less able to deal with the stress of being outside of its mother's womb. This is because it reduces the amount of ________ in the baby's blood a. serotonin b. oxytocin c. insulin d. catecholamines

answer

d

question

Another term for "false labor" contractions is a. Braxton-Hicks. b. cervix. c. transition. d. episiotomy.

answer

a

question

Developmentalist Esther Thelen created a theory to explain how a child develops and coordinates multiple motor skills. It is called ______ theory a. intrinsic motor development b. individual systems c. cultural motor development d. dynamic systems

answer

d

question

During the first 2 years of life, a baby's brain will establish billions of new connections between _____ a. neurons. b. axons. c. muscles. d. fat molecules.

answer

a

question

With regard to obesity during infancy and obesity in adulthood, _____ a. overfeeding during infancy creates an inadequate number of fat cells, leading to underweight later in life. b. babies who are 20% above average weight are likely to grow up to be obese adults. c. babies who are 20% above average weight are likely to be obese at age 6. d. a clear link has not been found.

answer

d

question

Although there are vast individual differences in infants' nutritional needs, typically infants should consume about _____ a. a pint of formula or breast milk a day for each pound they weigh. b. 50 calories a day for each pound they weigh. c. 100 calories a day for each pound they weigh. d. 50 calories a day for each ounce they weigh.

answer

b

question

Infants' heads are large at birth; this is an example of the _____ a. principle of marasmus. b. cephalocaudal principle. c. synaptic pruning principle. d. principle of hierarchical integration.

answer

b

question

The degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience is known as _____ a. cellular diversity. b. neural networking. c. synaptic pruning. d. plasticity.

answer

d

question

According to the concept of the _______, there is a specific but limited time, usually early in an organism's life, during which the organism is particularly sensitive to environmental influences relating to some particular facet of development. a. sensitive period b. critical period c. nature period d. hot spot

answer

a

question

The principle that development proceeds from the center of the body outward is the _____ a. proximodistal principle. b. principle of hierarchical integration. c. principle of the independence of systems. d. cephalocaudal principle.

answer

a

question

In the 1950s, a physician might have performed surgery on an infant without anesthesia because it was then believed that _____ a. the experience of pain would "toughen up" the child. b. infants cannot experience pain. c. infants cannot survive anesthesia. d. infants cannot survive surgery.

answer

b

question

Breast milk appears to offer some degree of immunity to a variety of childhood conditions, such as _____ a. poliomyelitis. b. hiccups. c. allergies. d. Down syndrome.

answer

c

question

The _______ is an assessment scale, including 27 separate categories of responses, taking about 30 minutes to administer; it is designed to determine infants' neurological and behavioral responses to their environment a. Apgar scale b. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) c. Milestone Assessment d. Thelen scale

answer

b

question

The gap at the connection between neurons, through which neurons chemically communicate with one another, is called a _____ a. dendrite. b. neurosis. c. synapse. d. myelination.

answer

c

question

What is the definition of obesity? a. 40% over the average weight for a given height b. 50% over the average weight for a given height c. 30% over the average weight for a given height d. 20% over the average weight for a given height

answer

d

question

The nervous system includes the _______ and the nerves that extend throughout the body. a. brain b. muscles c. heart d. liver

answer

a

question

According to a study by DeCasper and Fifer (1980), infants sucking on a laboratory nipple _____ a. sucked longer when they heard the voice of their mother than when the voice was of a stranger. b. sucked with the same speed regardless of who was speaking. c. stopped sucking abruptly and cried when they heard the voice of their mother. d. sucked longer when they heard the voice of a stranger than when the voice was of their mother.

answer

a

question

Traditional research may focus on each individual response in considering an infant's sensory reactions. In contrast, the _______considers how information that is collected by various individual sensory systems is integrated and coordinated a. macrosystem b. multimodal approach to perception c. affordance approach to perception d. multidisciplinary motor development principle

answer

b

question

A baby's toes fan out when the outside of the foot is stroked. This best describes the _______ reflex a. Babinski b. Moro c. Brazelton d. Skinner

answer

a

question

Of the following regions of the world, the percentage of children under age 5 who are moderately and severely underweight is greatest in _____ a. Latin America. b. the Middle East and North Africa. c. East Asia and the Pacific. d. South Asia.

answer

d

question

According to this principle, simple skills typically develop separately and independently but are later integrated into more complex skills a. Cephalocaudal principle b. Principle of hierarchical integration c. Proximodistal principle d. Principle of the independence of systems

answer

b

question

In contrast to 8-month-old U.S. infants, who may sleep as long as _______ hours at a time, Kipsigis 8-month-olds typically sleep no more than 3 hours at a stretch a. 4.5 b. 14 c. 12 d. 8

answer

d

question

SIDS rates have dropped dramatically as parents have learned to _____ a. burp babies after every 2 ounces of milk. b. feed babies enriched formula. c. pump breast milk and refrigerate it for later use. d. put babies to sleep on their backs instead of their stomachs.

answer

d

question

Cody and Alyssa have a new baby, and they have designed her crib and playroom to provide her with an enriched environment. Their hope in providing this environment is to affect the degree to which her brain can be modified due to experience, which is known as _____ a. synaptic pruning. b. myelination. c. cognitive practice. d. plasticity.

answer

d

question

In cross-cultural research on infant reflexes, _______ were found to exhibit the Moro reflex much more calmly than Caucasian infants a. African American infants b. Kipsigis infants c. Chinese infants d. Navajo infants

answer

d

question

Babies are typically able to walk by supporting themselves on furniture by around _______ months of age a. 12 b. 6 c. 16 d. 9

answer

d

question

An infant's sense of smell is _____ a. unconfirmed. b. nonexistent. c. well developed. d. poorly developed.

answer

c

question

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development evaluate the mental and motor skills of infants from 2 to 42 months, allowing experts to conclude _______ a. an infant's intelligence quotient. b. whether the child has mastered personal-social behavior. c. how intelligent the child will be as an adult. d. a child's developmental level in relation to his or her peers.

answer

d

question

By the age of two, most children can use two-word sentences; they also use ____________ speech, in which non-critical words of a sentence are left out a. phonemic b. semantic c. telegraphic d. holophrasic

answer

c

question

Some researchers question Piaget's use of the stage concept and suggest that cognitive development may occur _____ a. in a greater number of more strictly delineated stages. b. in fewer, more strictly delineated stages. c. in a more continuous way, or in a series of overlapping waves. d. more slowly than Piaget originally thought.

answer

c

question

A child who modifies one or more of his existing schemes based on new information is using the process of _____ a. assimilation. b. equilibration. c. accommodation. d. cognitive dissonance.

answer

c

question

Two-year-old Jordan saw a skunk for the first time and said "Here, kitty, kitty!" Jordan's referring to a skunk as a cat is an example of linguistic _____ a. underextension. b. holophrasing. c. imitation. d. overextension.

answer

d

question

According to Piaget, mouthing or banging a new object is an infant's way of using a _________scheme to understand something new a. sensorimotor b. preoperational c. concrete operational d. formal operational

answer

a

question

The learning theory approach for language acquisition fails to explain how children learn to _____ a. repeat speech after being rewarded. b. speak in a more and more adult-like fashion. c. use novel phrases, sentences, and constructions. d. pronounce two-syllable words like "mama" and "dada."

answer

c

question

When Christina refers to buses, trucks, and tractors as "cars," she is engaging in _________________, assuming that all vehicles with wheels are "cars." a. under regularization b. underextension c. over regularization d. overextension

answer

d

question

According to Piaget, a baby who continually sucks his thumb is demonstrating a ______________ reaction a. tertiary circular b. reflex c. secondary circular d. primary circular

answer

d

question

According to Piaget, an infant who rolls over and then reaches to grasp a toy that is too far away has moved into sensorimotor Substage _____ a. 4: Coordination of secondary circular reactions. b. 2: First habits and primary circular reactions. c. 3: Secondary circular reactions. d. 5: Tertiary circular reactions.

answer

a

question

Arnold Gesell developed the _______________, an overall developmental score based on performance in motor skills, language use, adaptive behavior, and personal-social behavior a. intelligence quotient (IQ) b. memory quotient (MQ) c. developmental quotient (DQ) d. aptitude quotient (AQ)

answer

c

question

Research by developmental psychologists like Karen Wynn indicates that infants as young as _______ are able to calculate the outcome of simple addition and subtraction problems. a. 5 months b. 10 months c. 5 weeks d. 15 months

answer

a

question

An infant who communicates through facial expressions, gestures and imitation is demonstrating _____ a. phonology. b. linguistic communication. c. semantics. d. prelinguistic communication.

answer

d

question

According to information processing approaches to cognitive development, the initial recording of information in a form usable to memory is referred to as a. storage. b. encoding. c. recovery. d. retrieval.

answer

b

question

According to linguist ________, the human brain is wired with a neural system called the language acquisition device (LAD) that permits the understanding of language structure and provides a set of techniques and strategies for learning a given language. a. Noam Chomsky b. B.F. Skinner c. Benjamin Whorf d. Raymond Sanders

answer

a

question

Rather than focus exclusively on the content of a child's knowledge about the world, Piaget thought it was also important to understand changes in the ____________ of children's knowledge and understanding. a. amount b. quantity c. foundation d. quality

answer

d

question

According to Piaget, sensorimotor Substage 6 (beginnings of thought) is characterized by a child's ability to _____ a. deliberately vary certain behaviors to explain and understand new concepts. b. conduct deferred imitation and mental representation. c. repeat actions that focus on their own body that result in desirable consequences. d. repeat actions that focus on their environment that result in desirable consequences.

answer

b

question

According to Piaget, infant learning can be summed up in one simple equation: ___________= Knowledge a. Action b. Genetics c. Emotions d. Thinking

answer

a

question

A child's innate capacity to use language is best explained by the _____________ approach to language acquisition, championed by linguist Noam Chomsky a. semantic b. nativist c. phonological d. learning theory

answer

b

question

According to research by developmental psychologist Jean Berko Gleason, the language parents use with their children differs depending on the child's sex. Compared to girls, boys hear more _____ a. diminutives ("doggy") and direct refusals of requests ("No."). b. diminutives ("doggy") and diversionary responses to requests ("Why don't you do this instead?"). c. standard words ("dog") and diversionary responses to requests ("Why don't you do this instead?"). d. standard words ("dog") and direct refusals of requests ("No.").

answer

d

question

One-year-old Sarah has just seen her father playfully hide her favorite stuffed animal behind his back. What is Sarah's most likely reaction? a. Sarah will probably get very angry. b. Sarah will probably search and reach for the stuffed animal. c. Sarah probably won't notice anything. d. Sarah will probably turn her attention to playing with a different toy.

answer

b

question

________________ is defined as the systematic, meaningful arrangement of symbols; it provides the basis for communication a. Semantics b. Phonology c. Mental representation d. Language

answer

d

question

A child who uses language primarily to label objects is communicating in a(n) _______ style a. referential b. expressive c. morphemic d. semantic

answer

a

question

On a visit to an aquarium, Emily's parents walked with her through a tunnel underneath one of the largest tanks. A large manta ray swam overhead and Emily exclaimed, "Look Mommy, a swimming kite!" According to Piaget, Emily is using the process of _______ to understand what a manta ray is a. cognitive dissonance b. equilibration c. accommodation d. retrieval

answer

c

question

Infant-directed speech, formerly called motherese, includes all but which of the following elements? a. intentional fast-mapping b. short, simple sentences c. a higher-pitch in verbalizing d. more variation of intonation

answer

a

question

Eight-month-old Angela picked up a crayon. She had never seen one before and did not know how to use it. She treated the crayon as if it were like her other toys, handling and mouthing it. Because she was functioning from her toy-manipulating schema, she a. assimilated the crayon into her existing schemes. b. adapted to the crayon with a tertiary circular schema. c. accommodated the crayon into her existing schemes. d. adapted to the crayon with a secondary circular schema.

answer

a

question

lf Piaget designed an early educational program, he would be most likely to focus on a. the environment. b. direct motor behavior. c. facts communicated by others. d. learning through sensation and perception.

answer

b

question

When Michael cannot directly see his mother, he does not understand that she still exists. This illustrates a lack of which of Piaget's sensorimotor concepts? a. object permanence b. differed imitation c. infantile amnesia d. goal-directed behavior

answer

a

question

Rebecca copies the behavior of her mother, who is no longer present. Rebecca's actions are called a. mirror imaging. b. object permanence. c. deferred imitation. d. stimulus substitution.

answer

c

question

Most people cannot remember their early childhood. This is called infantile amnesia end is defined as the lack of memory for experiences that occured prior to a. birth. b. 6 months of age. c. 12 months of age. d. 3 years of age.

answer

d

question

An overall developmental score that relates to performance on motor skills, language use, adaptive behavior, and personal-social domains is called the a. mental age. b. chronological age. c. intelligence quotient. d. developmental quotient.

answer

d

question

Many children get frustrated because they know what they want to express but they cannot say it. this is due to the fact that a. production precedes comprehension. b. comprehension precedes production. c. comprehension does not always occur with articulation. d. comprehension and production are not part of the child's repertoire.

answer

b

question

Juan has spoken his first words. We would expect that an infant developing normally would reach this milestone at approximately a. 6-8 months. b. 8-10 months. c. 10-14 months d. 14-18 months.

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c

question

When 2-year-old Christine speaks, she leaves out words like "to." For example, if she wants something she will say "give me," instead of "give that to me." This language is called a. egocentric speech. b. telegraphic speech. c. holophrasic speech. d. infant-directed speech.

answer

b

question

When a child is not able to see that a general term like "dog" can apply to more dogs than just to her German shepherd, the child is experiencing a normal developmental aspect of language called a. overextending. b. overregulating. c. underextending. d. underregulating.

answer

c

question

Which theory of language acquisition is most fully supported by research? a. learning theory b. interactionist approach c. nativist perspective d. universal grammar

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b

question

According to Piaget, an organized pattern of sensorimotor functioning is a(n) a. scheme. b. reaction. c. holophrase. d. expression.

answer

a

question

Vicky has just begun to coordinated separate actions into single, integrated activities. What substage of sensorimotor development is Vicky in? a. one b. two c. three d. four

answer

b

question

Who suggested that cognitive development proceeds in waves rather than stages? a. Jean Piaget b. Noam Chornsky c. Robert Siegler d. Nancy Bayley

answer

c

question

What is the second step of memory according to the information processing approach? a. consciousness b. retrieval c. cognition d. storage

answer

d

question

The degree to which an activity requires attention is a. conceptualization. b. accommodation. c. intellectualization. d. automization.

answer

d

question

Piaget focused on _____ changes, whereas the information processing approach focused on _____ change. a.. qualitative; quantitative b. quantitative; qualitative c. referential; expressive d. expressive; referential

answer

a

question

Three formal characteristics of language that must be mastered are a. morphemes, phonology, and semantics. b. pragmatics, phonology, and semantics. c. nouns, verbs, and prepositions. d. adjectives. subject, and verbs.

answer

a

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gender and infant language development? a. Girls are prone to hear twice as many diminutives as boys. b. Boys are prone to hear twice as many diminutives as girls. c. Girls hear firmer, clearer language than do boys. d. Language is largely unaffected by gender.

answer

a

question

Noam Chomsky is associated with alt of the following EXCEPT a. nativist approach. b. infant-directed speech. c. universal grammar. d. language acquisition device.

answer

b

question

John makes minor changes in his schemes every time he has a new experience. This process is called a. assimilation. b. accommodation. c. developmental reflexes. d. adapted secondary circular schema.

answer

b

question

Ryan accidentally hits his crib and it makes an interesting noise. Ryan decides to repeat the action again. This is known as a a.. simple reflex. b. primary circular reaction. c. secondary circular reaction. d. tertiary circular action.

answer

c

question

What is the major achievement of the final sensorimotor substage? a. acting on the outside world b. deliberate variation of actions c. capacity for mental representation d. coordination of separate actions into single, integrated activities

answer

c

question

Kyle, a 20-month-old, mainly uses words to express his feelings about himself and others. This use of language describes an a. expressive style. b. referential style. c. learning approach. d. universal approach.

answer

a

question

All of the following are domains measured by Gesell's developmental quotient EXCEPT a. visual-recognition. b. motor skills. c. adaptive behavior. d. personal-social.

answer

a

question

When a child is able to recognize the smell of something he has previously seen, the child is displaying a. habituation. b. sensory integration. c. cross-modal transference. d. visual-recognition memory.

answer

c

question

Becky is making speechlike sound to herself in her crib. Altough the words resemble vowels and consonants, thcy do not form recognizable words. Becky is expressing herself by a. babbling. b. telegraphic speech. c. linguistic lag. d. holophrastic speech.

answer

a

question

When Amy puts her arms up and says "up," she means "Mother, please pick me up." This is an example of what form of speech? a. scaffolding b. n holophrase c. overextension d. telegraphic speech

answer

b

question

Laura says "kitty" whenever she secs a four-legged animal. This is an example of an aspect of speech called a. overextending. b. overregulating. c. underextending. d. underregulating.

answer

a

question

Which type or speech is also known as motherese? a. telegraphic speech b. holophrastic speech c. infant-directed speech d. underextended speech

answer

c

question

When a child begins to conduct trial-and-error experiments, she is in what sensorimotor stage? a. reflexes b. secondary circular reactions c. tertiary circular reactions d. the coordination of object permanence

answer

c

question

Amit's ability to tie her shoes with without conscious cognitive effort demonstrates her a. memory decoding. b. explicit memory. c. implicit memory. d. infantile amnesia

answer

c

question

The combination and Coordination of several schemes to generate a single act to solve a problem is a. tertiary circular reactions. b. secondary circular reactions. c. object-directed behavior. d. goal-directed behavior.

answer

d

question

Critics of Piaget's theory have stated all of the following EXCEPT a. development proceeds in a much more continuous fashion. b. the theory ignores the importance of sensory and perceptual systems. c. facial imitation does not begin until age 2 years. d. object permanence can be mastered earlier than the theory states.

answer

c

question

Which of the following is NOT an element of information processing? a. encoding b. decoding c. rclrieval d. storage

answer

b

question

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development evaluate all of the following EXCEPT a. fine motor skills. b. problem solving. c. intelligence quotient. d. gross motor skills.

answer

c

question

The notion that all of the world's languages share a similar underlying structure was described by Chomsky as a. common communication b. global semantics. c. universal grammar. d. the LAD.

answer

c

question

Prelinguistic communication includes all of the following EXCEPT a. gestures. b. facial expressions. c. sounds. d. words.

answer

d

question

Sam is learning to talk and her vocabulary consists primarily of words used to label objects. Her language style is a. overextended. b. linguistic. c. referential. d. expressive.

answer

c

question

As a child reaches the end of the first year, infant-directed speech a. increases dramatically. b. involves longer, more complex sentences. c. is directed at girls but no longer at boys. d. stops completely.

answer

b

question

What principle States that simple skills develop interdependently and are later integrated into more complex skills? a. proximocaudal b. hierarchical integration c. continuity d. cephalocaudal

answer

b

question

Frank is 6 months old and can reach out and grab a toy with his hand, bot be will not be able to pick up a small toy with his finger and thumb until he is 9 months old. This illustrates what developmental principle? a. cephalocaudal principle b. proximodistal principle c. principle of hierarchical integration d. principle of the independence of systems

answer

b

question

An infant received brain damage as the result of an accident, but through various experiences the brain was able to develop to overcome most of the problems. This ability of the brain is called a. plasticity. b. kwashiorkor. c. sensitivity. d. integrity.

answer

a

question

The rate of SIDS in the United States has been declining partially due to the a respiratory occlusion reflex. b. reflexes present at birth. c. back-to-sleep guideline. d. understanding sensitive periods for the formation of sleep habits.

answer

c

question

Newborns do not sleep the same amount as their parents. Approximately how long do newborns sleep each day? a. 10 hours b. 12 hours c. 14 hours d. 16 hours

answer

d

question

What is the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome? a. 1 in 300 b. 2 in 100 c. 1 in 1000 d. 2 in 1000

answer

c

question

Newborns react to loud noises automatically. This reaction is called the a. Babinski reflex. b. Moro reflex. c. rooting reflex. d. startle reflex.

answer

d

question

Zelazo and his colleagues conducted a study in which they provided 2-week-old infants practice in walking for four sessions of 3 minutes each over a 6-week period. The results showed that the children who had the walking practice actually began to walk unaided several months earlier than those who bad had no such practice. What did the researchers conclude? a. Exercise of the stepping reflex was performed qualitatively better in practiced infants than in unpracticed infants. b. Exercise of the stepping reflex helps the brain's cortex to develop the ability to walk. c. Early gains in stepping reflex are associated with proficiency in motor skills in adulthood. d. Parents should make extraordinary efforts to stimulate their infant's reflexes.

answer

b

question

When does crawling typically appear? a. 3-5 months b. 6-8 months c. 8-10 months d. 10-12 months

answer

c

question

At what age can you expect a child to walk by herself a. 8 months b. 10 months c. 12 months d. 15 months

answer

c

question

On television you see a child from a poor country whose growth has stopped. This child is suffering from malnutrition and has a disease called a. anemia. b. marasmus. c. kwashiorkor. d. acetycholine deficiency.

answer

b

question

What is the best form of nourishment for infants under the age of one? a. bottle formula b. breast milk c. cereals d. All of the answers are correct.

answer

b

question

By the age of 5 months, the average infant's birth weight has _____ to around _____ pounds. a. doubled; 22 b. tripled; 15 c. doubled; 15 d. tripled; 22

answer

c

question

The gap between neurons through which they communicate with each other is the a. synapse. b. myelin. c. dendrite. d. axon.

answer

a

question

What specific skill permits infants to pinpoint the direction from which around is emanating? a. sensation b. perception c. sound habituation d. sound localization

answer

d

question

Which of the following reflexes is permanent? a. rooting b. sucking c. stepping d. swimming

answer

b

question

In the United States the poverty rate for children under the age of 3 has a. decreased. b. remained the same. c. stabilized. d. increased.

answer

d

question

Joan's baby has stopped growing due to a lack of stimulation and attention. Her baby is suffering from a. marasmus. b. kwashiorkor. c. non-organic failure to thrive. d. SIDS.

answer

c

question

Who developed the visual cliff? a. Gibson b. Pavlov c. Fantz d. Skinner

answer

a

question

Which of the following is an example of a gross motor skill? a. rolling over b. placing a peg in a board c. coping circles d. pineer grasp

answer

a

question

An infant is brought into your medical office because his mother is concerned that he shows less development in his legs than he does in his trunk. Which of the following is a possible explanation? a. The boy is just demonstrating normal rhythmic development and does not need further evaluation. b. The boy should be evaluated because his development is not following the principle of hierarchical integration. c. The boy should be evaluated immediately because inconsistent developmental abilities indicate problems in brain development. d. If the differential development is within normal range, it is probably just normal cephalocaudal development.

answer

d

question

The cells that carry information in the nervous system arc called a. somas. b. neurons. c. synapse. d. myelin.

answer

b

question

An infant had repeated ear infections and later developed problems telling certain words apart, for example. bat and pat. This led to the development of problems with spelling and understanding certain new words. His older sibling had no lasting effects from car infections at age 6 years. This demonstrates the principle of a. sensitive periods. b. teratogenic development. c. proximodistal development. d. cephalocaudal development.

answer

a

question

An awake state characterized by attentive scanning, and the infant's eyes open, bright, and shining, is called a. alert. b. cry. c. fuss. d. transitional.

answer

a

question

What is the function of REM sleep in infants? a. achieving quiet sleep b. achieving active sleep c. warding off SlDS d. autostimulation

answer

d

question

Rob and Julie are concerned about SIDS. Their doctors tell them that SIDS occurs most often in babies a. under 1 year old. b. 6 to 12 months old. c. 12 to 18 months old. d. 18 to 24 months old.

answer

a

question

Babies will spread their toes when the soles of their feet are stroked. This reflex is called the a. startle reflex. b. Moro reflex. c. rooting reflex. d. Babinski reflex.

answer

d

question

What is a possible function of the stepping reflex? a. protection b. avoidance of danger c. preparation for independent locomotion d. unknown

answer

c

question

Dr. Brazelton developed an assessment called the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale primarily to assess a. neonatal reflexes. b. respiratory effort. c. responses to the environment. d. use of fine and gross motors skills.

answer

c

question

When a child goes in for his well baby checkup, his height and weight will be compared to typical values. These values are obtained by averaging the values for a large number of normal babies and are called a. norms. b. factors. c. standards. d. neurological levels.

answer

a

question

Obesity is defined as weight greater than a. 20% above the average. b. 30% above the average. c. 40% above the average. d. 50% above the average.

answer

a

question

Rachel wants to start her baby on solid food: What should she start with first? a. eggs b. cereals c. vegetables d. strained fruits

answer

b

question

Different body systems grow at different rates. This is the principle of a. proximodistal growth. b. cephalocaudal growth. c. hierarchical organization. d. independence of systems.

answer

d

question

Synaptic pruning a. occurs as a result of brain damage. b. allows established neurons to build more elaborate communication networks. c. impedes the development of the nervous System. d. occurs early in adolescence.

answer

b

question

Louisa's eyes are heavy-lidded, but opening and closing slowly, and she is exhibiting a low level of motor activity. She is exhibiting which infant state? a. drowse b. quiet sleep c. grasping a rattle d. active sleep

answer

a

question

Which of the following is NOT a fine motor skill? a. drawing b. standing c. grasping a rattle d. building a tower out of cubes

answer

b

question

All of the following children live in the United States in a mother-only family. Which child is most likely to live in poverty? a. 2-year-old Jerome, who is black b. 2-year-old Mark, who is white c. 6-year-old Maria, who is Hispanic d. 10-year-old Kate, who is white

answer

a

question

The stimulation of the sense organs is a. attenuation. b. habituation. c. perception. d. sensation

answer

d

question

According to research by Fantz, babies prefer to Iook at a. straight lines to curved lines. b. two-dimensional figures to three-dimensional figures. c. human faces to nonhuman faces. d. circles to squares.

answer

c

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about pain in infancy? a. Infants can 't feel pain before the age of 3 months. b. Pain sensitivity decreases with age. c. There is a developmental progression in reaction to pain. d. Pain is most severe in the first week after birth.

answer

c

question

A patient calls and states that she is having regular contractions. What hormone has caused the uterus to contract? a. estrogen b. oxytocin c. androgen d. progesterone

answer

b

question

2. A friend has asked you to describe an episiotomy. You explain to her that it is a. the second step of a Cesarean section. b. part of the Lamaze method of child birth. c. an incision to increase the size of the vaginal opening. d. the stage of birth in which the placenta and the umbilical cord are expelled.

answer

c

question

Meg's cervix is fully open and her contractions are at their greatest intensity. Meg is a. beginning the first stage of labor. c. in the second Stage of labor. b. in the transition period. d. expelling the placenta

answer

b

question

The Apgar scale measures all of the following qualities EXCEPT a. pulse. b. activity (muscle tone). c. respiration. d. temperature regulation.

answer

d

question

A couple wanting to use relaxation training to help with birthing would choose what method? a. Lamaze c. Cesarian b. anesthesia d. hypnobirthing

answer

a

question

Jennifer is considering a career as a physician who specializes in delivering babies. She will study to be a(n) a. midwife. b. obstetrician. c. pediatrician. d. gynecologist.

answer

b

question

A child is considered preterm if he or she a. weighed less than 2,500 grams. b. was born prior to 38 weeks after conception. e. weighed 90% or less than the average weight of infant. d. is postmature.

answer

b

question

When children are born several weeks premature, what is the main factor used to determine degree of risk a. birth weight b. mother's age c. ability to regulate tempcrature d. ability to take in sufficient oxygen

answer

a

question

Premature babies may experience respiratory distress syndrome. What would the likely treatment be for the respiratory problems a. isolation b. use of a birth center c. placement in an incubator d. immersion in water

answer

c

question

How many stages of labor are there? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

answer

c

question

Infant mortality, a serious concern in the United States, is defined as a. stillbirth. b. death within the first year of life. c. death during the perinatal period. d. death within the first month of life.

answer

b

question

Babies are born with involuntary responses that occur in response to specific stimuli. These responses are called a. reflexes. b. schemes. c. reactions. d. overextensions

answer

a

question

Which is the shortest phase of labor? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

answer

c

question

About one-third of women who receive anesthesia do so in the form of a. epidural anesthesia. b. prescription narcotics. c. total anesthesia. d. episiotomies.

answer

a

question

Of the following countries, which has the highest rate of infant mortality? a. Spain b. New Zealand c. Czech Republic d. United States

answer

d

question

Takeesba was born 2.5 weeks after her mother's due date. She would be classified as a. preterm. b. postmature. c. low birth weight. d. large-for-gestational age.

answer

b

question

All of the following are environmental risk factors for low birth weight EXCEPT a. low altitude b. smoking. c. poor nutrition. d. alcohol use.

answer

a

question

A stillbirth indicates a. the Iabor has taken over 24 hours. b. the child was not alive when born. c. the child dies within the first year after birth. d. the child is physically and emotionally unresponsive at birth.

answer

b

question

Whenever Jose cries, his mother picks him up, and Jose has increased his crying. Jose has been a. operantly conditioned. b. classically conditioned. c. habituated. d. influenced by modeling.

answer

a

question

ln a Cesarean delivery a. the baby is surgically removed. b. the baby is born with the use of a midwife and doula. e. no anesthesia or pain-reducing drugs are used. d. the baby is born in a family birthing center.

answer

a

question

Braxton-Hicks contractions begin to occur a. after the first month. b. after the third month. c. after the fourth month. d. after the eighth month.

answer

c

question

What happens during the second stage of childbirth? a. expulsion of the placenta b. the actual birth of the baby c. breakage of the amniotic sac d. expulsion of the umbilical cord

answer

b

question

Which of the following is NOT a concern associated with the use of anesthesia or pain-reducing drugs during labor? a. Anesthetics may heighten sensory capabilities. b. Anesthetics may temporarily depress the flow of oxygen and slow labor. c. Newborns show poorer motor control during the first days after birth. d. Newborns are less physiologically responsive during the first few days of life.

answer

a

question

Anoxia is the restriction of oxygen and is serious because it can cause a. brain damage. b. liver damage. c. visual damage. d. muscular damage.

answer

a

question

Which of the following does NOT do medical exams. but may be an integral part of the birthing process? a. pediatrician b. doula c. midwife d. obstetrician

answer

b

question

Which statement is TRUE regarding early learning capabilities? a. Newborns can only learn trough classical conditioning. b. It takes a considerable amount of time before infants are capable of learning through operant conditioning. c. Newborns can only learn through habituation .. d. Infants are capable of learning very early through classical conditioning.

answer

d

question

Research on bonding indicates that a. all infants imprint on their mothers. b. bonding occurs only if the infant is breast-fed. c. there is no scientific evidence for bonding. d: infants bond with both parents in the first week after birth.

answer

c

question

What is the age of viability'? a. 16 weeks b. 18 weeks c. 22 weeks d. 24 weeks

answer

c

question

All of the following may cause preterm deliveries EXCEPT a. twin births. b. the mother' s occupation. c. short interpregnancy interval. d. immaturity of the mother's reproductive system.

answer

b

question

When a baby is born feet first, the birth is called a. fetal distress. b. breech position. c. Cesarean section. d. transverse position.

answer

b

question

A health-care worker has just completed an Apgar and the newborn has received a score of 3. What does this score indicate? a. The newborn will most likely need immediate life saving interventions. b. The newborn demonstrates all reflexes. c. A Cesarean section will be needed to correct the difficulties. d. The newborn is healthy; most newborns receive a score of or higher.

answer

a

question

By touching an infant's check you stimulate her to turn in that direction. This reflex is called the a. plantar reflex. b. rooting reflex. c. Babinski reflex. d. grasping reflex.

answer

b

question

lnfants are able to tell the difference among many facial expressions, such as sad, happy, or surprise. An infant's response to his or her mother's sad face would be to a. act confused. b. touch the mother's face. c. imitate the facial expression. d. begin to ignore the facial expression.

answer

c

question

Which government provides the least amount of economic support following childbirth? a. Austria b. Germany c. Canada d. United States

answer

d

question

Larry's new son weighed 2.1 pounds at birth. His son is classified as a. low-birthright. b. small-for-gestational-age. c. very-low-birthweight. d. viable.

answer

c

question

Which of the following statements is an accurate comparison of preterm infants and postmature intants? a. Preterm infants are more likely to have an insufficient blood supply from the placenta. b. Postmature infants are more likely to have RDS. c. Difficulties are more preventable in postmature infants. d. Preterm infants require induced labor.

answer

c

question

When the baby lies crosswise in the uterus, it is in a _____ position. a. breech b. Cesarean c. transverse d. normal

answer

c

question

A basic type of learning in infants, first identified by Pavlov, is a. modeling. b. classical conditioning. c. operant conditioning. d. habituation.

answer

b

question

When an infant no longer responds to the sound of a clock 's hourly chimes, the infant has become a. conditioned. b. accommodated. c. habituated. d. intimidated.

answer

c

question

Different degrees of sleep and wakefulness are infant stages of a. consciousness. b. attentiveness. c. wakefulness. d. arousal.

answer

d

question

Michelle is expecting twins that are the result of two eggs being fertilized by two sperm. Her babies are a. dizygotic. b. identicol. c. monozygotic. d. multizygotic.

answer

a

question

Becky's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. Becky has brown eyes. Becky's phenotype is a. blue eyes. b. brown eyes. c. two "brown eye" genes. d. one "brown eye" gene and one "blue eye" gene.

answer

b

question

Which of the following is a genetically normal male? a. XY b. XX c. YX d. YY

answer

a

question

A person with Down syndrome has a. only one chromosome 5. b. an extra X chromosome. c. an extra chromosome 21. d. two X and one Y chromosome.

answer

c

question

At about the seventh week of pregnancy, a lest was done on a patient that involved withdrawing and analyzing amniotic fluid. This test is called a. fetoscopy b. ultrasound. c. amniocentesis. d. chorionic villus sampling.

answer

c

question

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a. 3 to 6 months of sexual intercourse. b. 10 months of sexual intercourse. c. 12 to 18 months of trying 10 get pregnant with unprotected intercourse. d. 24 months of trying to get pregnant with the help of fertility drugs.

answer

c

question

_____ usually causes death before its victims reach school age and occurs mainly in Jews of eastern European ancestry and in French-Canadians. a. Sickle-cell anemia b. Tay-Sachs disease c. Klinefelter's syndrome d. Fragile X syndrome

answer

b

question

What difference in temperament did Kagan find in his study that compared 4-month-old infants in China, lreland, and the United States? a. Chinese babies had significantly lower motor activity, irritability, and vocalization. b. American babies bad abnormally high motor activity, irritability, and vocalization. c. American babies bad significantly lower motor activity, irritability, and vocalization. d. Irish babies had significantly lower motor activity, irritability, and vocalization.

answer

a

question

What is the first stage of prenatal development? a. zygotic b. embryonic c. germinal d. blastocyst

answer

c

question

A patient took DES during pregnancy. Her daughter has a possible risk of a. sterility. b. toxemia. c. breast cancer. d. vaginal or cervical cancer.

answer

d

question

The process by which a sperm and an ovum join to form a single new cell is called a. ovulation. b. conception. c. fertilization. d. insemination.

answer

c

question

When couples use fertility drugs to help them conceive, what is the chance that they will have dizygotic twins? a. 1 in 10 b. 1 in 50 c. 1 in 100 d. 1 in 1000

answer

a

question

Polygenic inheritance is a. the phenotype of the individual. b. a trait that is expressed in the individual, but not inherited. c. a trait caused by an interaction of gene pairs. d. one gene of a genepair causing a particular trait to be expressed.

answer

c

question

The gender of the child is determined by a. the mother. b. the father. c. random distribution of chromosomes. d. the mother for a girl and the father for a boy.

answer

b

question

Which of the following is an inherited disorder produced by a single allele? a. FAS b. CVS c. PKU d. FAE

answer

c

question

Which of the following disorders does NOT result in some degree of mental retardation? a. Down syndrome b. Tay-Sachs disease c. Klinefelter's syndrome d. Fragile X syndrome

answer

b

question

Basic units of genetic information are a. gametes. b. DNA. c. chromosomes. d. genes.

answer

d

question

The determination of traits by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors is a. polygenic transmission. b. dizygotic transmission. c. chorionic transmission. d. multifactorial transmission.

answer

d

question

_____ studied cross-pollination of pea plants to observe properties of dominant and recessive traits. a. Darwin b. Mendel c. Jensen d. Scarr

answer

b

question

The conduit between the mother and fetus is the a. blastocyst. b. endoderm. c. placenta. d. amnion.

answer

c

question

Your hair color is your a. gene. b. genotype. c. phenotype. d. heredity.

answer

c

question

lf Jamie has blue eyes, her mother has blue eyes, and her father has brown eyes, Jamie is a. cross-modal. b. homozygous. c. heterozygous. d. multidimensional.

answer

b

question

Bryan is an African American with the following symptoms: YeIIowish eyes, poor appetite, stunted growth, and a swollen stomach. He may have a. hemophilia. b. Tay-Sachs disease. c. sickle-cell anemia. d. Klinefelter's syndrome.

answer

c

question

A man is extremely tall. has small external male sex organs, and breast enlargement. What genetic disorder does he have? a. Down syndrome b. Tay-Sachs disease. c. sickle-cell anemia. d. Klinefelter's syndrome.

answer

d

question

Which of the following Statements is true regarding a father's effect on the prenatal environment? a. Father's drug use and physical or emotional abuse of the mother can adversely affect the unborn child. b. Father's drug use can benefit the unborn child. c. Father's physical abuse of the mother can positively affect the unborn child. d. Fathers have no effect on the prenatal environment.

answer

a

question

A couple having trouble getting pregnant went to an infertility specialist. The doctor shared with them that they were not alone in their difficulty conceiving, and that _____% of couples meet the criteria of infertility. a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 20%

answer

c

question

A patient of yours has schizophrenia. Her monozygotic twin has what chance of developing schizophrenia a. 50% b. 60% c. 80% d. 95%

answer

a

question

You notice that a child demands responses from her parents and babysitter. How would you describe this child's interaction with the environment? a. active b. passive c. prosocial d. evocative

answer

d

question

A pregnant woman works around toxic fumes and her baby is born with birth defects. It is possible that the toxic chemical acted as a a. virus. b. bacteria. c. teratogen. d. pathogen.

answer

c

question

You have a patient who admits to drinking several alcoholic beverages a day during her pregnancy. You will need to monitor her child for a. Down syndrome. b. FAS. c. Klinefelter's Syndrome. d. diethylstilbestrol (DES).

answer

b

question

When a cell duplicates itself exactly, the process is called a. mitosis. b. meiosis. c. fertilization. d. homozygotic.

answer

a

question

Although Ashanti has a headache she decides not to take an aspirin during her pregnancy. Her decision is a. unwise, there are no risks associated with taking legal drugs during pregnancy. b. unwise, aspirin has no effect on a fetus during prenatal development c. wise, the use of aspirin may cause fetal bleeding or growth impairments. d. wise, pregnant mothers should avoid all artificial substances during pregnancy.

answer

c

question

A prenatal diagnostic procedure which involves high-frequency sound waves that form a picture of a fetus is called a. fetoscopy. b. amniocentesis. c. ultrasound sonography. d. chorionic villus sampling.

answer

c

question

Who studied the role of genes in intelligence? a. Darwin b. Kagan c. Mendel d. Jensen

answer

d

question

What percent of the gene sequence is shared by all humans? a. 25.3 b. 43.8 c. 66.5 d. 99.9

answer

d

question

A developing child is able to swallow and urinate. Its arms develop hands, hands develop fingers, and fingers develop nails. What stage of prenatal development is the child experiencing? a. germinal b. zygotic c. embryonic d. fetal

answer

d

question

DNA tests are available for all of the following disorders EXCEPT a. cystic fibrosis. b. diabetes. c. hemophilia. d. retinoblastoma.

answer

b

question

At the end of the _____ stage the developing human has rudimentary eyes, nose, and lips, although what appear to be gills and a tail-like structure may make it look nonhuman. a. conception b. germinal c. embryonic d. fetal

answer

c

question

A physician places a man's sperm directly into a woman's vagina in a. CVS. b. IVF. c. artificial insemination. d. surrogate motherhood.

answer

c

question

Which of the following is transmitted to the child as it passes through the birth canal? a. rubella b. syphilis c. AlDS d. gonorrhea

answer

d

question

A research developmentalist is focusing her investigations on physical development in infants. In which of the following should she be most interested? a. memory b. language c. crawling d. emotions

answer

c

question

A developmentalist who studies how memory changes over the life span specializes in a. soc:ial development. b. physical development c. cognitive development d. personality development.

answer

d

question

What is the average age range for young adulthood? a. 12-1 9 years of age b. 18-21 years of age c. 20-30 years of age d. 20-40 years or age

answer

d

question

Bronfenbrenner labeled our larger cultural environment as the a. microsysrem. b. macrosystem. c. mesosystem. d. exosystem.

answer

b

question

Race is a _____ concept a. cognitive b. cultural c. biological d. social

answer

c

question

Jennifer is experiencing symptoms of menopause. Her monthly menstrual cycle has stopped and she has had some hot flashes. What she is experiencing could be labeled as a(n) a. nonnormative life event. b. age-graded influence. c. history-graded influence. d. sociocultural-graded influence.

answer

b

question

Freud theorized that when we are born we function totally from our a. id. b. ego. c. superego. d. libido.

answer

a

question

Erikson's stages of development focus on a. a hierarchy of needs. b. pleasurable erogenous 7-0nes. c. conflicts throughout the life span. d. infancy and childhood developmental needs.

answer

c

question

A developmental psychologist who believes that only observable behavior is the key to understanding development advocates the a. cognitive perspective. b. behavioral perspective. c. psychodynamic perspective. d. information-processing perspective.

answer

b

question

Sociocultural theory is discussed by a. Skinner. b. Watson. c. Vygotsky. d. Freud.

answer

c

question

Which of the following is an advocate of the humanistic perspective a. Rogers b. Freud c. Piaget d. Watson

answer

a

question

Evolutionary perspective would suggest that behavior is a result of genetic inheritance from our a. animals. b. ancestors. c. free will. d. current society

answer

b

question

According to the social-cognitive learning theory, behavior is learned through a. observation. b. trial and error. c. fixation. d. self-actualization.

answer

a

question

A researcher conducts in-depth interviews with a small group of children who are thought to have psychic abilities. What type of study is she conducting? a. survey b. case study c. field study d. experiment

answer

b

question

Michael is the son of a woman with schizophrenia. Annually for the last 10 years, be has received a questionnaire from scientists researching whether schi7ophrenia is an inherited disorder. He is participating in a a. longitudinal study. b. cross-cultural study. c. cross-sectional study. d. sequential study.

answer

a

question

A primary proponent of the psychodynamic perspective is a. Skinner. b. Lorenz. c. Watson. d. Freud.

answer

d

question

Which correlation is strongest? a. -.86 b. +.63 c. -.15 d. +.42

answer

a

question

Which of the following approaches is NOT associated with behavioral theory? a. cognitive neuroscience b. social-cognitive learning theory c. classical conditioning d. operant conditioning

answer

a

question

Requiring that participants understand the research in which they participate satisfies the ethical guideline concerning a. freedom from harm. b. informed consent. c. maintenance of privacy. d. use of deception.

answer

b

question

The variable manipulated by the researchers is the _____ variable. a. dependent b. independent c. control d. correlational

answer

b

question

Which of the following is NOT a psychophysiological measure? a. Eletroencephalogram (EEG) b. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) c. Brain Neurological Resonance (BNR) d. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (IMRI)

answer

c

question

Robena is trying to decide whether or not she should breastfeed. She is most interested in whether breastfeeding helps a newborn fight off infections. Her question is of interest to developmentalists who specialize in a. social development. b. physical development. c. cognitive development. d. personality development.

answer

b

question

A researcher studies how individuals born during the Depression compare to individuals born during the prosperous 1970s. The groups of individuals are called a. cohorts. b. mesosystems. c. macrosystems. d. reference groups.

answer

a

question

Tho church and school that Takesba attends are part of her a. microsystem. b. mesosystem. c. exosystem. d. macrosystem.

answer

c

question

North American culture is characterized as _____; Asian cultures are characterized as _____ a. individualistic; collectivistic b. individualistic; paternalistic c. collectivistic ; individualistic d. paternalistic; collectivistic

answer

a

question

The fact that most people can learn new languages throughout their lives, yet we have an affinity for doing so during infancy and toddlerhood, underscores the importance of a. critical periods. b. sensitive periods. c. continuous change. d. discontinuous change.

answer

b

question

The group of children born in the United States approximately 9 months after September 11, 2001, would be considered a(n) a. epidemic. b. ethnic group. c. race. d. cohort.

answer

d

question

Laura forms a hypothesis as she starts to work on her latest research project; in doing so she will a. inform her participants of any risks involved. b. identify whether an association exists between two or more factors. c. make a prediction stated in a way that it can be tested. d. seek the guidance of other researchers who have completed similar work.

answer

c

question

You would like to cat another piece of apple pie, but you arc on a diet. lf you eat that second piece of pie, you will feel guilty. What part of your personality will cause this guilt? a. id b. superego c. Iibido d. ego

answer

b

question

Freud is to development as Erikson is to _____, development. a. cognitive; social b. psychosocial; psychosexual c. psychosexual; psychosocial d. social; cognitive

answer

c

question

A friend of yours eats too much and talks too much. Freud's theory would indicate a. anal retention issues. b. fixation in the oral stage. c. fixation in the phallic stage. d. defense mechanisms being used to the extreme.

answer

b

question

When Dave hears the horn blow on the catering truck at 10:30 a.m., he goes outside and buys a donut even though he isn't hungry. His association between the horn of the catering truck and his hunger is the result of a. shaping. b. counterconditioning. c. operant conditioning. d. classical conditioning.

answer

d

question

What is the third step suggested in Bandura's social-cognitive learning theory? a. reproducing the behavior h. paying attention c. recalling the behavior. d. motivation to learn

answer

a

question

You and a friend worked with the homeless last summer and you both changed the way you thought about homelessness. What Piagetian process was at work? a. assimilation b. equilibration c. psychosocialism d. accommodation

answer

d

question

Which type of research identifies whether a relationship between two factors exists? a. survey b. correlation c. case study d. experiment

answer

b

question

A researcher is interested in determining the effect of phonics training on reading skills. Two groups of children in reading classes an: studied. One group receives phonics training and the other group receives the current "whole word" method of teaching reading. At the end of 4 months the two groups are tested tor reading skill level. What is the treatment in this experiment? a. the two groups of childrcn b. the reading skill test scores c. the "whole word" mcthod d. the phonics training

answer

d

question

All of the following are disadvantages of longitudinal research EXCEPT a. participants become "test-wise." b. there is no measure of change over time. c. a tremendous investment of time is required. d. significant possibility of participant attrition exists.

answer

b

question

A researcher studies three groups of people for one day; 15-year-olds, 30-year-olds, and 45-year-olds. The study compares the different age groups in terms of their sources of stress. What research strategy is the researcher using? a. age cobort b. longitudinal c. cross-sectional d. cross-sequeotial

answer

c

question

Keith learns about etiquette by observing how his father interacts with his mother. This type of learning can be described as a. habituation. b. social-cognitive learning. c. operant conditioning. d. classical conditioning.

answer

b

question

A 2.5-year-old seems to be in a power struggle with her parents. What psychosexual stage is she experiencing? a. oral stage b. anal stage c. phallic stage d. latency Stage

answer

b

question

Joan wants to conduct a study whereby she examines the motor development of children over time. She plans to start with groups of 3-, 6-, and 9-year-olds and measure their development every two year.; for the next ten years. What research design must she employ? a. cohort b. longitudinal c. cross-sectional d sequential

answer

d

PSYC 3313 – Human Growth and Development – Chapters 1-5 – Exam 1 – Flashcards

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