question

Malorie was born during her mother's 32nd week of pregnancy. Malorie would be termed a _____ baby.

answer

preterm

question

The second stage of childbirth begins with the _______ and ends with the _____.

answer

emergence of the child's head; delivery of the child out of the mother

question

According to evolutionary developmental psychologists, many evolved psychological mechanisms are _____. That is, the mechanisms apply only to a specific aspect of a person's makeup.

answer

domain-specific

question

The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure:

answer

depth perception

question

Which of the following is Erikson's fifth developmental stage?

answer

Identity versus identity confusion

question

Which of the following is the term Erik Erikson uses to describe the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy?

answer

psychosocial moratorium

question

Identify the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments

answer

identity diffusion

question

The status of identity ¬¬_____ occurs most often when parents hand down commitments to their adolescents, usually in an authoritarian way, before adolescents have had a chance to explore different approaches, ideologies, and vocations on their own.

answer

foreclosure

question

Marie is reluctant to marry since she is worried that her husband might cheat on her. You would tell her that adultery is:

answer

clearly the exception rather than the rule

question

In 1994, Robert Michael and his colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns. Results from this "Sex in America" survey suggested that Americans' sexual lives are _____ than previously believed.

answer

more conservative

question

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities?

answer

Intimacy versus isolation

question

Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My husband and I were eating breakfast the other day. Neither of us was talking, both of us just reading and thinking our own thoughts. But it was a very comfortable, companionable silence, and I love it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate?

answer

Affectionate love

question

According to Robert J. Sternberg, which of the following is the strongest and fullest form of love?

answer

passionate

question

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increase in divorce?

answer

marrying later in life

question

Which of the following is true of the preferences of adults regarding the attachment styles of their partners?

answer

Adults prefer having a securely attached partner

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the five big personality traits identified by Costa and McCrae?

answer

adaptability

question

A flat EEG (electroencephalogram) recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of _____.

answer

brain death

question

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying?

answer

denial and isolation

question

According to Kübler-Ross, _____ is the stage of dying in which the person develops the hope that death can somehow be postponed or delayed.

answer

bargaining

question

According to Kübler-Ross, in the _____ stage of dying, the dying person recognizes that denial can no longer be maintained.

answer

acceptance

question

Aging expert Laura Carstensen concluded that people:

answer

choose close friends over new friends as they grow older.

question

Angelique is in the terminal stages of cancer. She feels that the pain has now become unbearable, so she requests her doctor to end her life painlessly through medication. Which of the following acts is Angelique requesting her doctor to perform?

answer

euthanasia

question

Approximately _____ of the total health bill of the United States is for the care of adults 65 and over, who comprise only 12 percent of the population.

answer

one-third

question

Considering the fact that many of the health problems of older adults are chronic rather than acute, which of the following is a concern regarding the medical system?

answer

The medical system is still based on a "cure" rather than a "care" model.

question

Delilah lost her husband Hendricks to a bloody highway accident. Being just three years into marriage, she was devastated. Four months later, she was hassled by problems such as intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, nightmares, sleep disturbance, problems in concentrating. Delilah is probably experiencing _____.

answer

post-tramatic stress disorder symptoms

question

Erikson believed that elderly adults use their impending death as a motivation to look back and evaluate their life. This form of retrospection is what many theorists call:

answer

life review

question

Felicia is an American between 65-74 years of age. Her doctor should be most concerned about her developing _____, the leading cause of death for her age group.

answer

cancer

question

Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lens of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is suffering from.

answer

cataracts

question

In 2010, _____ percent of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married.

answer

57

question

In 2011, which of the following countries had the highest life expectancy?

answer

Monaco

question

Jace has been diagnosed with _____, a condition characterized by damage to the optic nerve due to buildup of fluid in the eye.

answer

glaucoma

question

Mrs. Hernandez has considerable pain and swelling in her wrists, fingers, and knees. It is becoming very difficult for her to maintain her usual routines as her stiffness increases. Mrs. Hernandez has _____.

answer

arthritis

question

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as _____.

answer

ageism

question

Reductions in _____ have been linked to small declines in memory functioning and to the severe memory loss associated with Alzheimer disease.

answer

acetylcholine

question

Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with:

answer

Parkinson's disease

question

Selective attention is _____, whereas divided attention is _____.

answer

focusing on one thing; focusing on many things

question

The _____ is involved in memory

answer

hippocampus

question

The _____ refers to the primary neural receptor for hearing in the inner ear.

answer

cochlea

question

The healthcare needs of older adults are reflected in _____, the program that provides health-care insurance to adults over 65 under the Social Security system

answer

Medicare

question

The type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering and help individuals die with dignity is known as:

answer

palliative care

question

Which of the following is Erikson's eighth stage of development?

answer

integrity vs. despair

question

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75 to 84 and 85 and over age groups?

answer

Cardiovascular disease

question

Which of the following is true of the American attitude toward death?

answer

Americans are generally death avoiders and death deniers

question

Which of the following organizations created a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning?

answer

choice in dying

question

T OR F name one thing most people don't know about me that you do

answer

TRUE

question

_____ are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older.

answer

falls

question

_____ illness is long-term, often lifelong, and requires long-term, if not life-term, management.

answer

terminal

question

_____ involves an extensive loss of bone tissue.

answer

Osteoporosis

question

_____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live.

answer

life expectancy

question

During the elementary years, a child's self-understanding includes increasing reference to all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

physical characteristics

question

_____ is a severe developmental disorder that has its onset in the first three years of life and includes deficiencies in social relationships, abnormalities in communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior.

answer

Autistic disorder

question

_____ is a disability in which children consistently show one or more of these characteristics over a period of time: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

answer

ADHD

question

Sabeen has a severe impairment in reading and spelling ability. Identify the condition that Sabeen has.

answer

Dyslexia

question

Of all children from 3 to 21 years of age in the United States, _____ percent received special education or related services in 2008-2009

answer

14

question

Blanca rarely holds her baby Joey and tends to respond to his needs in an angry, irritable fashion. It is most likely that Joey will develop a(n) _____ with his mother.

answer

insecure avoidant attachment

question

As an infant, Mary suffered damage to _____ of the brain causing her to have poor comprehension. Also, her speech is fluent, but incomprehensible.

answer

Wernickle's area

question

The rapid increase in an infant's vocabulary starting at about 18 months of age is called:

answer

the vocabulary spurt

question

The _____ pattern of growth is the sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities.

answer

Proximodistal

question

Which of the following is a threat to the infant caused by the breech position?

answer

Respiratory problems

question

_____, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of DNA. They direct cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins.

answer

Genes

question

Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that life-span development cannot be studied without considering biological, socioemotional, and cognitive dimensions. Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that development is:

answer

multidimensional

question

The idea that no age period dominates development highlights the life-span perspective that development is:

answer

lifelong

question

The maximum life span of humans

answer

has not changed since the beginning of recorded history

question

Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that:

answer

begins at conception and continues through the human life span

question

Two developmental psychologists are having a conversation. One believes in the traditional approach of developmental change; the other believes in the life-span approach. Which of the following issues would they most likely differ on?

answer

Whether most developmental change occurs from birth to adolescence or throughout adulthood as well as childhood

question

By two years of age, children have reached about _____ of their adult weight and about _____ of their adult height.

answer

one-fifth; one-half

question

Mandy sees a little girl in the grocery store throwing a screaming tantrum to get a toy. The next week at the mall, Mandy begins screaming and crying to get some candy. Mandy is showing:

answer

deferred imitation

question

Someone with a vocabulary of only 200 words can recombine the words in different ways to say thousands of different things. This aspect of language is referred to as:

answer

infinite generativity.

question

Mariah has suffered brain damage to the left frontal lobe of her brain. When she tries to speak, she struggles to produce words and is unable to say them correctly. Mariah has damage to:

answer

Broca's area

question

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be MOST likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

answer

Pick up the baby and soothe him/her so that a healthy sense of trust develops

question

_____ is a process in which nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells

answer

myelination

question

On average, children gain _____ pounds per year during middle and late childhood

answer

5 to 7

question

During the elementary school years, children grow an average of _____ inches a year.

answer

2 to 3

question

Megan bases her moral decisions on fear of punishment. According to Kohlberg, which level of moral development is Megan currently in?

answer

Pre-conventional reasoning

question

_____ is a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell.

answer

fertilization

question

According to James Marcia, what determines an individual's identity status?

answer

The existence or extent of their crisis or commitment

question

Erikson describes _____ as finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, and it requires a commitment to another person

answer

intimacy

question

Which of the following BEST explains why middle adulthood comes later and lasts longer now than in the early 1900s?

answer

People today have healthier lifestyles than people in the early 1900s

question

Which of the following is most typical of the vision-related issues faced by middle-aged persons?

answer

Difficulty viewing close objects

question

Cholesterol comes in two forms _____ and HDL

answer

LDL

question

_____ encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation.

answer

Generatively

question

In Erik Erikson's theory, adults strive for generativity to achieve a sense of _____.

answer

immortality

question

Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant issue which he termed _____.

answer

generatively versus stagnation

question

According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, when a dying person finally accepts the fact of impending death and becomes depressed about it, which of the following would be most appropriate?

answer

Allow the person to experience and work through the depression

question

Basilio sustained severe and irreversible brain damage due to an accidental overdose of insulin. His wife and his children decided to remove the life-support system, and Basilio subsequently died. This is an example of:

answer

passive euthanasia

question

After accepting the certainty of death, a period of _____ or preparatory grief may appear

answer

depression

question

Life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes and his colleagues believe that successful aging is related to three main factors:

answer

selection, optimization, and compensation

question

What is the main difference between the way younger people and older people respond to stress?

answer

Older people keep stress hormones in their system for longer periods.

question

Which of the two personality traits in the Big Five factors of personality are associated with mortality (an earlier death)?

answer

high conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion

question

_____ refers to a legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning.

answer

living will

question

According to Levinson, the transition to middle adulthood lasts about _____ years

answer

five

question

Which of the following is a sign of aging for the average adult in middle adulthood?

answer

brittle fingernails

question

_____ adults describe themselves as securely attached.

answer

The majority of

question

According to the U.S. government's Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-2013, which of the following areas of work are expected to account for the most new jobs in the next decade?

answer

primary industries

question

Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them?

answer

The top-dog phenomenon

question

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately _____ years of age.

answer

18 to 25

question

In a study, almost 50 percent of high school dropouts cited _____ reasons for leaving school.

answer

school-related

question

_____ is the illicit drug most widely used in the United States, and its use by adolescents increased from 2008 to 2011.

answer

Marijuana

question

Ms. Chang is trying to prepare her health-class students for the onset of puberty. What should she tell the boys that they are likely to experience first?

answer

increased penis and testicle size

question

Puberty refers to a period of:

answer

rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence

question

Which of the following is a more accurate vision of adolescence?

answer

For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world

question

In contrast with Kohlberg's theory, Gilligan argues for a(n) _____ perspective, which is a moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others

answer

justice

question

More than 80 percent of the respondents to a survey said that buying a stolen television set is morally wrong. Yet 50 percent admitted they would buy a stolen set if guaranteed they would not be caught. These data indicate

answer

that for many people, moral belief does not predict moral behavior

question

Which of the following stages of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is characterized by moral judgments based on understanding the social order, law, justice, and duty

answer

social systems principles

question

The increased capacity for self-regulation that is seen in middle and late childhood is linked to developmental advances in the:

answer

brain's prefrontal cortex

question

_____ is the belief that "I can"; helplessness is the belief that "I cannot."

answer

Self-efficacy

question

Eight-year-old Ella can use scissors to cut small paper dolls out of construction paper, something she could not do at age 3. What best accounts for her improving dexterity?

answer

increased myelination of the central nervous system

question

Jerome, 6, and Hani, 10, get up early on Saturday morning and decide to make "breakfast in bed" for their mother. While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the hall cabinet, they accidentally break one of their mother's favorite porcelain dolls. Jerome knows that he's going to get into "big trouble." Hani tells him not to worry because Mom would understand that it was an accident. In what stage would Jean Piaget categorize the moral reasoning of Jerome and Hani?

answer

Jerome heteronomous morality; Hani autonomous morality

question

_____ development involves the development of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people.

answer

Moral

question

The children of _____ parents are better at soothing themselves when they get upset, more effective in regulating their negative effect, focus their attention better, and have fewer behavior problems than the children of emotion-dismissing parents.

answer

emotion coaching

question

_____ especially plays a key role in children's ability to manage the demands and conflicts they face in interacting with others. It is an important component of executive function.

answer

Moral Integrity

question

_____ emotions do not appear to develop until self-awareness appears around 18 months of age.

answer

self-conscious

question

In Erikson's portrait of early childhood, the young child clearly has begun to develop _____, which is the representation of self, the substance and content of self-conceptions

answer

self-understanding

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