PSY FINAL – Flashcard | StudyHippo.com

question

_____________ psychologists explore how we think about, influence and relate to one another.

answer

Social

question

The fundamental attribution error is more apparent in ______ than it is in ____________.

answer

individualistic Western countries; east Asian countries

question

You have very strong opinions about the tuition increase. However, once you are the student representative for the College Board, you develop a more favorable attitude about the tuition increase. Which theory best explains why?

answer

cognitive dissonance theory

question

_________ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others; opinions about reality.

answer

Informational social influence

question

Following the introduction of school desegregation in the U.S. and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, white Americans expressed ________ racial prejudice.

answer

diminishing

question

_______ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas ________ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality.

answer

normative social influence; informational social influence

question

People who are happily married will attribute a spouse's cutting remarks ___________, whereas people who are NOT happily married will attribute such remarks ________.

answer

to a temporary situation; to a mean disposition

question

The tendency for the observer, when analyzing others, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition, is known as:

answer

the fundamental attribution error

question

We feel happier in the presence of happy people than in the presence of depressed people. This is known as:

answer

the chameleon effect

question

Dr. Cheng studies social influence. He is concerned because he is finding that rates of conformity in his experiments are much higher than those reported by his cousin, another social influence researcher. Which of the following reasons might account for this difference?

answer

Dr. Cheng is conducting his experiments in a country that prizes collectivism, whereas his cousin is conducting experiments in a country that prizes individualism.

question

Discrimination is a negative ____, whereas prejudice is a negative ______.

answer

behavior; attitude

question

Maggie has strong and negative attitudes towards eating meat. She believes that meat is an unhealthy way to obtain protein which is a(n) ______ and she refuses to socialize with people who eat meat which is an example of a(n) _____.

answer

prejudice; discrimination

question

Evidence shows that people exhibit heightened levels of prejudice when they are economically frustrated. This offers support for the:

answer

scapegoat theory

question

The catharsis hypothesis suggests that people feel better if they vent their emotions by "blowing off steam." However, playing violent video games increases aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. These findings:

answer

disconfirm the catharsis hypothesis.

question

Shortly after learning he did not make it onto his high school football team, Alex vandalized the team's locker room and broke several of the school's windows. His behavior is best explained in terms of:

answer

the frustration-aggression principle

question

When temperatures go up in the summer, the rates of violent crimes increase. This is best explained in terms of:

answer

the frustration-aggression principle

question

A negative attitude towards another group of people is referred to as _________ and is based on a mixture of beliefs called __________.

answer

prejudice; stereotypes

question

Deficits in the functioning of the _________, accompanied by lower intelligence, are associated with aggression.

answer

frontal lope

question

________ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy.

answer

Aggression

question

Max does not recycle glass, plastic or metal garbage because he thinks it is inconvenient and has minimal impact on the city's already overflowing landfills. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics of:

answer

a social trap

question

Although the leaders of two enemy nations admit to a buildup of their own military forces, each sees the actions of the other country as unreasonable and motivated by evil intentions. This situation best illustrates:

answer

mirror-image perceptions

question

Although Natalie receives slightly greater rewards from her marriage than her husband, both are satisfied with the relationship because they each benefit in proportion to what they put into it. This best illustrates the significance of:

answer

equity

question

In terms of the bystander effect, the best odds of our helping someone include all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

we are in a hurry

question

You decide that your free time over the weekend to volunteer at the Special Olympics is not as important as the good feelings and the joy of giving back to the community. This illustrates the:

answer

social exchange theory

question

Though neighbors heard Kitty Genovese screaming for help as she was being murdered, they failed to call the police in time to save her. This best illustrates:

answer

the bystander effect

question

Hostilities between a riverfront community's two racial subgroups were dramatically reduced when the threat that the river would flood its banks required them to work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of:

answer

superordinate goals

question

______ is a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals or ideas.

answer

A conflict

question

This situation occurs when we reach rationally pursue our own self-interests but become caught in mutually destructive behavior.

answer

the social trap

question

This is an aroused state of intensive positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

answer

passionate love

question

Everyone is attempting to get onto the Internet at the same time despite the fact that the Internet provider has asked people to log on only during off-peak hours. This best illustrates the dynamics of:

answer

a social trap

question

He insisted that madness was not a demon possession but a sickness of the mind caused by sever stresses and inhumane conditions.

answer

Pinel

question

Around the world, people may experience the same genetically-based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This best illustrates the need for:

answer

a biopsychosocial approach

question

Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. The _______ model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated.

answer

medical

question

Your professor asks you on what axis diabetes would fall under. You answer:

answer

Axis III

question

General medical conditions belong on which axis?

answer

2000; 1994

question

John is a patient who reports significant anger, hostility, and overall disregard for people. He has been diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder. His personality disorder belongs on which Axis?

answer

II

question

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the lowest rate of reported mental disorders was in:

answer

the United States

question

According to a study in 2004 by the World Health Organization, the lowest rate of reported mental disorders was in:

answer

Shanghai

question

According to one study, immigrants to _______ from Mexico, Africa, and Asia average better mental health than their native counterparts.

answer

the United States

question

________ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.

answer

Bipolar disorder

question

Major depressive disorder is a mood disorder characterized by signs of depression (e.g., lethargy, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in family, friends, and activities.) To be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, these signs must:

answer

last for two or more weeks.

question

In terms of persuasiveness, _______ is to psychological disorders as the common cold is to mild physical illnesses.

answer

depression

question

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that the FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:

answer

delusions

question

One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized thinking. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized thoughts have:

answer

persectuion

question

Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

answer

hallucinations or social withdrawl

question

This subtype of schizophrenia is characterized by a variety of symptoms.

answer

undifferentiated

question

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he was responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered a tissue. His excess of inappropriate behavior known as:

answer

positive symptoms

question

Nearly 1 in ________ people will develop schizophrenia.

answer

in 10

question

While researchers have discovered that there are an excessive number of receptor sites for ________, it is not the only neurotransmitter involved in schizophrenia.

answer

dopamine

question

The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.

answer

viral infections

question

Although Mark realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them and takes unnecessary lengthy route to work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n):

answer

phobia

question

If you have an intense fear of speaking in public, eating out, or going to parties, you may be suffering from:

answer

social phobia

question

__________ is an anxiety disorder characterized by symptoms that include haunting memories and nightmares, jumpy anxiety, social withdrawl, and insomnia.

answer

post-traumatic stress disorder

question

A sudden loss of memory is one symptom of a(n):

answer

dissociative disorder

question

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it wasn't him and he knows nothing about the crime as his alter ego must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist immediately that Angel does not suffer from ______ as the host is never co-conscious with the alter egos.

answer

dissociative identity disorder

question

In the 1980's, when the DSM contained the first formal code for DID, the number of DID diagnoses in North America exploded to more then:

answer

20,000

question

Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is most clearly attributable to:

answer

cultural ideals of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness

question

Episodes of overeating (typically with high calorie foods) followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting or excessive exercise are common in individuals with:

answer

bulimia nervosa

question

Bobby stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72 year old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train over to the South side. On the train, someone stepped on his shoes, and he threw the hot coffee on their face and laughed. Bobby would be considered to have a:

answer

antisocial personality disorder

question

Jackie is extremely afraid of rejection. Because of this, she has always been withdrawn. Her inflexible and enduring behavior patterns have impaired her social functioning, and she would likely be considered to have a(n):

answer

avoidant personality disorder

question

Thomas was called into his boss' office last week for once again overstepping the boundaries of his job position. Thomas had told the director of research that he was the one running the show and it would only be a matter of time before he was in his boss' position. When confronted, Thomas told his boss that it was true and no one seems to understand that he is the one in charge. Thomas would be considered to have a(n):

answer

narcissistic personality disorder

question

The introduction of therapeutic drugs and community-based treatment programs in the _________ helped to empty large mental hospitals as well as mark an era of improved treatments.

answer

1950s

question

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are likely to be treated with ___________ therapy which acts directly on the patient's nervous system.

answer

biomedical

question

Your therapist is eclectic and believes in using these two empirically supported therapies for treating your depression.

answer

behavior therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy

question

A therapist who uses a variety of psychological theories and therapeutic methods is said to be using a(n) ______ approach.

answer

eclectic

question

At his weekly therapy session, Henry became agitated at his therapist, saying that he was controlling, domineering, and trying to ruin his life with all of her mothering. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

answer

transference

question

_______ is the therapeutic developed by _______. The goal of this type of therapy is to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts.

answer

psychoanalysis; Freud

question

Who emphasized the importance of active listening in the process of psychotherapy?

answer

Carl Rogers

question

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of:

answer

enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted

question

During a therapy session, Jenny focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering her. The therapist tells Jenny to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Jenny's therapist is using a technique known as:

answer

free association

question

Systematic desensitization is a form of:

answer

exposure therapy

question

This theory is empirically supported for treating bed-wetting.

answer

behavior modification

question

The goal of stress inoculation is to reduce incapacitating anxiety by encouraging people to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates a form of:

answer

cognitive therapy

question

Beck's therapy, which teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, and is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions is called:

answer

cognitive therapy

question

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of guilt and sadness. To reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for his inability to prevent his wife's death. The therapist's approach is most representative of:

answer

cognitive therapy

question

Your therapy with a 15 year old patient has been going well, but she tends to bottle her feelings discussing her relationship with her mother. You believe that she can benefit from her family's involvement which will promote positive communication. Today's session brings together your patient and her parents. You are engaging in:

answer

family therapy

question

Family therapists view the family as a:

answer

system

question

This therapy is empirically supported for treating depression.

answer

behavior therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy

question

When people's symptoms of psychological distress are at their worst, anything they do to alleviate the condition is likely to be followed by improvement rather than further deterioration. This is best explained by:

answer

regression toward the mean

question

It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because:

answer

people often enter therapy in crisis, and these crises often pass without professional help.

question

John is a 28-year-old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes medication, originally used to treat epilepsy. This medication is:

answer

Depakote

question

Which of the following drugs also blocks serotonin activity as well as dopamine?

answer

Clozaril

question

___________ is a type of treatment that physically changes the brain's functioning.

answer

Biomedical therapy

question

With __________, patients receive repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain, which can be used to stimulate activity in various areas of the brain.

answer

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

question

Sharon was admitted to the hospital with severe depression. She nearly killed herself by slitting her wrists. The only reason she survived is because her husband came home from work early. The only type of treatment that can bring her out of depression quickly and potentially save her life is:

answer

electroconvulsive therapy

question

Today, Ellen is going to the mental health clinic for a new treatment. During the procedure her brain will be exposed to repeated pulses of magnetic energy. This type of treatment is known as:

answer

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

question

Anti-psychotic drugs are to ______ as a cork is to a _______.

answer

dopamine receptors; bottle

question

If a patient suffers uncontrollable seizures, physicians can destroy specific nerve clusters that cause or transmit the convulsions. This best illustrates the procedure known as:

answer

psychosurgery

question

Egas Moniz performed the first lobotomy in the:

answer

1930s

question

Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of most central interest to the advocates of:

answer

preventative mental health

question

After three days of taking a selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to ______ for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect.

answer

4 weeks

question

Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because antianxiety agents such as Xanax:

answer

depress central nervous system activity

question

The patient you admitted to the unit has paranoid schizophrenia. Your orders call for 150 mg of Seroquel and 1-2 mg of this antianxiety medication to relax the patient and help with sleep. This medication is:

answer

Ativan

question

Patients receive a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment with:

answer

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

question

Nowadays, patients are very rarely treated using _______, a psychosurgical procedure in which the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain are cut.

answer

lobotomy

question

social psychology

answer

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

question

attribution theory

answer

the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition

question

fundamental attribution error

answer

the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

question

attitude

answer

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

question

peripheral route persuasion

answer

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness

question

central route persuasion

answer

occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

question

role

answer

a set expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

question

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

answer

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a large request

question

cognitive dissonance theory

answer

the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions a=clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes

question

culture

answer

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

question

norm

answer

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior.

question

conformity

answer

adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

question

normative social influence

answer

influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

question

informational social influence

answer

influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality

question

social facilitation

answer

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

question

social loafing

answer

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

question

deindividuation

answer

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

question

group polarization

answer

the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

question

groupthink

answer

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

question

prejudice

answer

an unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and it's members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory factors

question

stereotype

answer

a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

question

discrimation

answer

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

question

just-world phenomenon

answer

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

question

ingroup

answer

"Us" - people with whom we share a common identity

question

outgroup

answer

"Them" - those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

question

ingroup bias

answer

the tendency to favor our own group

question

scapegoat theory

answer

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

question

other-race effect

answer

the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias.

question

aggression

answer

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

question

frustration-aggression principle

answer

the principle that frustration - the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal - creates anger, which can generate aggression

question

social script

answer

culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

question

mere exposure effect

answer

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

question

passionate love

answer

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

question

companionate love

answer

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

question

equity

answer

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

question

self-disclosure

answer

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

question

bystander effect

answer

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

question

social exchange theory

answer

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

question

reciprocity norm

answer

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

question

social-responsibility norm

answer

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

question

conflict

answer

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

question

social trap

answer

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in destructive behavior

question

mirror-image perceptions

answer

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

question

superordinate goals

answer

shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

question

GRIT

answer

Graduated and Reciprocated and Initiatives in Tension-Reduction- a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

question

psychological disorder

answer

a significant dysfunction in a person's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors

question

medical model

answer

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

question

DSM-IV-TR

answer

the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revisions"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

question

mood disorders

answer

psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes

question

major depressive disorder

answer

a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other squares

question

bipolar disorder

answer

a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania

question

mania

answer

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgement is common

question

schizophrenia

answer

a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and behaviors

question

psychosis

answer

a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

question

delusion

answer

false beliefs, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

question

anxiety disorders

answer

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety of maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

question

generalized anxiety disorder

answer

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in state of autonomic nervous system arousal

question

panic disorder

answer

an anxiety disorders marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening senstations

question

phobia

answer

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

question

obsessive-compulsive disorder

answer

an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

question

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

answer

an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

question

dissociative disorders

answer

disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

question

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

answer

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formally called multiple personality disorder.

question

anorexia nervosa

answer

an eating disorder in which person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly (15% of more) underweight

question

bulimia nervosa

answer

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting

question

binge-eating disorder

answer

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging of fasting that marks bulimia nervosa

question

personality disorder

answer

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

question

antisocial personality disorder

answer

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

question

psychotherapy

answer

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

question

biomedical therapy

answer

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on person's physiology

question

eclectic approach

answer

an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

question

psychoanalysis

answer

Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist's interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

question

resistance

answer

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

question

interpretation

answer

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

question

transference

answer

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent).

question

psychodynamic therapy

answer

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight

question

insight therapies

answer

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

question

client-centered therapy

answer

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth

question

active listening

answer

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature Roger's client-centered therapy.

question

unconditional positive regard

answer

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

question

behavior therapy

answer

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

question

counterconditioning

answer

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

question

exposure therapies

answer

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

question

systematic desensitization

answer

a type or exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

question

virtual reality exposure therapy

answer

an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

question

aversive conditioning

answer

a type of counter-conditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

question

token economy

answer

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

question

cognitive therapy

answer

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

question

cognitive-behavioral therapy

answer

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

question

group therapy

answer

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

question

family therapy

answer

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

question

evidence-based practice

answer

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

question

resilience

answer

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

question

biomedical therapy

answer

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

question

psychopharmacology

answer

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

question

antipsychotic drugs

answer

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

question

antianxiety drugs

answer

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

question

antidepressant drugs

answer

drugs used to treat depression and some anxiety disorders. Different types work by altering the availability of various neurotransmitters

question

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

answer

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

question

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

answer

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

question

psychosurgery

answer

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

question

lobotomy

answer

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion controlling centers of the inner brain

question

altruism

answer

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

PSY FINAL – Flashcard

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards