psy exam – Flashcard
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A prototype for the category "weather" would be
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all of these: a.cloudy. b. rainy. d. sunny.
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Which of the following would NOT be categorized as belonging to the same "concept?"
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speech.
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Mental categories used to class together objects, relations, events, abstractions or qualities that have common properties are called
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concepts.
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This is the kind of reasoning science mostly depends on
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Inductive
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This type of reasoning follows formal rules allowing us to draw conclusions which necessarily follow the premisses on which they are based.
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Deductive
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Estimating the probabilty of an event based on how easy it is to remember is called the ____.
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Availability heuristic
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Thinking about objects only in terms of their functions.
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Functional fixedness
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Which of the following are factors related to eating disorders?
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all of these: a. history of sexual abuse c. parental expectations d. sociocultural climate
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Which of the following is true regarding anorexia nervosa?
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Severe weight loss triggers abnormalities in the reproductive system.
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Which of the following persons is most likely to have anorexia nervosa?
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a European American adolescent female.
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Which theory supports the following scenario: You see a tiger and because you are afraid you run away?
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Cognitive-Appraisal
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____ are feeling states with cognitive, physiological, and behavioral components.
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Emotions
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____ theories suggest that needs create a state of tension and that behavior relieves that tension and returns the organism to a calm, resting state.
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Drive-reduction
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____ was responsible for devising the Hierarchy of Needs.
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Abraham Maslow
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The study of motivation is an attempt to understand ____ a behavior occurs.
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why
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The theory of cognitive appraisal proposes that the way we label an emotion depends largely on
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our perception of the situation
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Tom and Rob are twins. Tom is gay. According to heritability studies, Rob is more likely to be gay if they are ____ twins.
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identical
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The sexual response cycle occurs in what sequence?
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excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution
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The eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging is
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bulimia nervosa
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he direction of ones sexual and romantic interests refers to
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sexual orientation
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The concept of ____ describes the bodys tendency to maintain a steady state or to act to restore balance in response to deprivation.
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homeostasis
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Richard is a male who is attracted to both men and women. He is
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bisexual
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Schachters model of emotion puts the greatest emphasis on
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cognitive interpretation of the situation
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One criticism of the Kinsey reports is that
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the sample was not representative of the population
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Needs give rise to
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drives
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Darwin (1872) argued that ____ revealed universal signs of emotion.
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facial expressions
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Deprivation of food gives rise to the ____.
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hunger drive
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Emotions are feeling states with all of the following components EXCEPT
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environmental.
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According to Maslow, needs are organized in a ____ with physiological needs and self-actualization needs at the extremes.
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hierarchy
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According to the Cannon-Bard Theory, an event simultaneously triggers
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physiological arousal and experience of an emotion
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According to the cognitive theory, people strive to understand the world so they can
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predict and control events.
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According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, specific patterns of arousal and action are triggered by specific stimuli. The emotions we experience are, therefore,
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based on automatic physiological and behavioral responses
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A fertilized egg cell is called a(n)
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zygote
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According to Ainsworth, babies who demonstrate proximity to their mother and separation anxiety when apart are showing indications of
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attachment.
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According to Erikson, the infant-parent relationship can affect issues associated with ____ during the first year of life.
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trust
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According to Erikson, the major challenge of adolescence is the creation of
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ego identity
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According to Konrad Lorenz, attachment is
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an instinct.
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Adolescence begins with ____.
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puberty
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Adolescent cognitive development, according to Piaget, is indicated by the ability to
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think abstractly.
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Adolescent egocentrism gives rise to the
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imaginary audience and the personal fable.
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Ainsworth innovated the ____ method to study attachment
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strange situation
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Attachment is defined as
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an enduring emotional tie.
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Authoritative parents are both strict and
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respectful toward their children.
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Children at the ____ level of moral reasoning base their judgments on the consequences of behavior
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preconventional
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Goslings formed an attachment to Lorenz because he
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was the first moving object they perceived and followed.
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Harry Harlow (1959) demonstrated that attachment in rhesus monkeys was related to
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contact comfort.
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If a male experiences the appearance of body hair and a deeper voice he is likely showing signs of
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puberty
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Embryos develop into males when
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testes form and begin to produce androgens
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Erikson referred to ____ as a firm sense of who one is and what one stands for
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ego identity
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A childs father demands that the child not speak to an adult unless spoken to, that he/she always put away one toy before taking out another, and that soft drinks be taken only on special occasions. This childs father can be described as
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authoritarian.
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A four-month-old infant is playing with keys. You place a magazine on top of the keys. The infant does not search for them. This demonstrates a lack of
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object permanence.
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The ecological theory of development was developed by:
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Urie Bronfenbrenner
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James Marcia researched Erikson's concept of identity crisis. Marcia discovered four different ways adolescents responded to this developmental period. Which one of the following WAS NOT one of Maricia's identified patterns?
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Egocentrism
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The case of Genie highlighted the importance of the questions surrounding:
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All of these: a.The consequences of early deprivation of love and nurture b. The role of nature and nurture in development d. The existence of critical periods
