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READING #2 QUIZ QUESTIONS

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Which of the following best describes ABA?

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Applied behavior analysis; The direct application of behaviorism to the improvement of human behavior

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In what situations can ABA be used?

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Improving workplace conditions for employers and employees Providing therapy for individuals with autism Improving educational strategies for students and teachers Correct! All of these

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There is a public perception that ABA should only be used to treat autism and other developmental disabilities, instead of being used for general education and other widespread issues. Which of the following is not a reason for this public perception?

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ABA is not as effective for these other issues; it is an approach targeted for developmental disabilities.

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Skinner identified many reasons why behaviorism would not be widely accepted in society (e.g., criticisms that behaviorism ignores feelings and free will). ABA has been successful in helping to improve the image of behavior analysis because

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Parents and advocates of children with autism and other developmental disabilities have benefited from ABA and are portraying ABA practitioners as effective and humane teachers to the general public

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What did Lovaas (1987) find in his studies on ABA techniques?

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Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) was very successful at improving outcomes for children with autism

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CHAPTER #7 BOOK QUIZ 1

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two types of negative reinforcement are _____________ and ______________.

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escape, avoidant

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According to the two-factoer theory of avoidance, a ______________________ developes to an intitially neutral stimulus that precedes an aversive event.

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fear response

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Extinguishing an avoidance response by physically preventing the individual from making the response is called ___________________________________.

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response blocking or flooding

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_________ are behaviors such as fleeing, freezing, or fighting that animals tend to make in dangerous situations.

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SSDR's (Species-Specific Defense Reactions)

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According to Seligman, teaching people to think about potentially bad situations in a more positive ways can lead to ____________________.

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Learned Optimism

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In skinner's experiment (with rats), the effects of punishment were ____________, but so was the punishment itself.

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Temporary

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In practice, it is always best to couple punishment of an undesirable behavior with reinforcement of ___________.

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an alternative behavior, or a more desirable behavior

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To minimize the chance the the learner will habituatte to a punishing stimulus, it should be introdued __________________________.

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At full intensity

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In terms of timing, the most effective punisher is one that is delivered _____________.

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Immediately

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In an ABAB design, each "A" represents a _________ period, and each "B" represents a __________ period.

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Baseline, treatment

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If an un-desired behavior is being maintained by the attention it received, it can ususally be decreased by using ____________.

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extinction

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CHAPTER #7 QUIZ

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Removing a pleasant stimulus after a behavior occurs is called __________ ______________.

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Negative Punishment

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To obtain the maximum reduction in a behavior, the most effective schedule of punishment is __________ ___________.

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Continuous Punishment

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Reinforcing normal speech while ignoring psychotic speech is an example of ________ _________ __ _________ __________.

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Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA)

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If a teacher believes that a child is constantly being disruptive in a classroom because it allows him to avoid doing his assignment, the best behavior decelerator to use is probably __________.

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Escape Extinction (double check if correct on quiz)

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When flooding is used as behavior therapy, it is important to what?

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make sure that a session continues until the patient's fear decreases.

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READING #3 QUIZ

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Rate of responding is directly related to response strength

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FALSE

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In Experiment 4, Nevin maintained responding on a multiple VI 1-min VI 1-min schedule with delays to reinforcement that varied across the experiment and presented response-independent food at different rates during a third component as well as discontinued food for all responses (conducted extinction). How did the different delays to reinforcement affect responding during response-independent food presentations?

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behavior maintained by a shorter delay was less disrupted

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What is a problem with using response rate as a measure of the strength of behavior?

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response rate itself is a conditionable aspect of behavior

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Nevin concludes the best way to measure response strength is

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relative to baseline rate when a disruptor is applied to two operants

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In a multiple schedule of reinforcement,

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two or more schedules of reinforcement alternate

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STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

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According to the one-factor theory of avoidance

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Avoidance of an aversive event can itself serve as a reinforcer

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. Learned helplessness is likely to develop if

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Unavoidable shocks are followed by avoidable shocks

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When flooding is used as behavior therapy, it is important to..

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Make sure each session continues until the patient's fear decreases

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SHORT ESSAY QUESTIONS

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Describe Bolle's theory of species-specific defense reactions. Describe results from two experiments in avoidance that support this theory.

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SSDR Theory: Animals fall into one of three categories: freezing, fleeing, and fighting. Bolle's prposed that in lab studies of avoidance, an avoidance response will be quickly learned if it is identical with or at least similar to one of the subjects SSDR's. If not it will be learned slowly to not at all. Experiment #1: Rats easily run away or jump to avoid a shock which fits their more natural response, but it is very difficult to train a rat to press a lever to avoid the shock because it is not in its nature to respond in such a way to danger. Experiment #2: It is very easy to shape a pdgeon to peck a key hole, when food is the reinforcer. But it is very difficul to train a pigeon to peck a key to avoid a shock. Its usual response is to fly away, which has nothing in common to standing in place and pecking.

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Describe the procedure and results of Herrnstein and Hineline's (1966) shock-frequency reduction experiment. How do the results of this experiment pose problems for the two-factor theory of avoidance?

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Rats could press a lever that on Average produce a lower rate of schocks, it did not guarantee any fixed free shock time. there was a 30% chance of shock and a 10% if the rat had recently pressed the lever. In this experiment there wasno predictor of passage of time as a CS to the coming shock, it was removed. 17 of the 18 rats acquired the avoidance response.

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List three different behavior decelerators that do not involve the use of an aversive stimulus.

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positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction

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