PSY 301 Exam 3 – Flashcards
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According to Weinberg's study on intrinsic motivation in a competitive setting,
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success produces higher levels of intrinsic motivation than does failure AND males exhibit higher levels of intrinsic motivation after success than after failure.
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Which of the following is a psychological need included in self-determination theory?
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relatedness AND autonomy
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According to the result of Komaki and Barnett's study of a Pop Warner football team,
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the team performed three plays more effectively after the intervention.
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Which of the following is NOT a finding regarding passion and sport?
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harmonious passion predicts rigid persistence in ill-advised activities (such as gambling)
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Which of the following statements is true?
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A negative coaching style (principally critical in nature) can lead to a decrease in intrinsic motivation AND Every reward has both controlling and preparation aspects to it.
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Which of the following in NOT a dimension of flow?
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high levels of arousal
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Performance feedback is most effective when providing in what manner?
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autonomy-supportive
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Which of the following is a guideline for giving a pep talk?
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give players a plan AND use humor
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Which of the following can be useful as an on-site strategy to help reduce tension?
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all of these
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Which of the following statements is true regarding research findings on coping in sport?
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athletes use both adaptive and nonadaptive coping strategies AND athletes who had more adaptive coping strategies had better performances.
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A good way to increase awareness of psychological states in sport is to
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monitor and record your psychological states immediately after practice and competition.
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Which of the following levels of effort produced the fastest running times of 400-meter runners?
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95%
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The Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) uses what modality to help cope with the "yips"?
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acupuncture
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Ideally, a psychological skills training (PST) program should be planned, implemented, and supervised by a
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AASP-certified sport psychology consultant
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Although such training is not generally recommended, what type of athletes has research found was able to have intensive mental training just a few days before competition and be successful?
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elite athletes
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What was the main problem that the basketball player (Jim) faced shooting free throws in the case study presented at the beginning of the chapter?
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He had not developed the psychological skill of relaxation
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When is it generally best to implement a PST program?
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during the off-season or preseason
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The first systematic mental skills training program occurred in which country?
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Soviet Union
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Which of the following is NOT a phase in PST?
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intervention phase
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Which of the following is FALSE concerning psychological skills training?
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PST is only for problem athletes
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Which of the following is NOT a common problem in implementing PST programs?
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the sport psychologist's knowledge of psychological skill exercises
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Which of the following is NOT a situation requiring mental toughness according to a recent study?
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autocratic coach
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When is it generally best implement a PST program?
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during the off-season or preseason
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In a study investigating the use of a sport psychology consultant with collegiate teams, the major issue for not hiring these consultants was
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financial
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The PST knowledge base has come from what source?
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a and b
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Feedback can provide instructional information about
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b and c
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A study on reducing inappropriate tennis behaviors using behavior modification techniques revealed that
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inappropriate behaviors were significantly reduced for all five players
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an individual will have a higher level of intrinsic motivation when
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the informational aspect is more salient than the controlling aspect
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a smile or pat on the back is known as what type of reinforcer?
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social
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Which of the following is seen as the most extrinsically motivated behavior?
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external regulation
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English football players rated their coaches more highly if the coaches used verbal as pooposed to physical punishment. However, players from which country did NOT distinguish between verbal or physical punishment?
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Japan
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Receiving a reward that provides feedback concerning an athlete's sense of competence is an example of
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the informational aspect of reward
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progressive relaxation was developed by
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Edmund Jacobson
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although there are many definitions of resiliency, they seem to have in common the two core concepts of
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adversity and adaption
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The gradual countercondtioning of anxiety using relaxation's the incompatible or competing response is known as
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systematic desensitization
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the suggested ratio for the time of inhalation to exhalation when using breath control as a relaxation device is
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1:2
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According to research with elite athletes by Gould and colleagues, athletes
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a and c
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Which of the following is NOT a coping strategy typically employed by elite athletes?
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superstition
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excess anxiety can produce
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all of these
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Relaxation (anxiety reduction) techniques are usually classified as
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cognitive and somatic
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According to the research on biofeedback by Landers and his colleagues,
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all of these
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Which of the following is NOT a phase in the hypnosis process?
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autogenic phase
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effective breathing begins in the
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diaphragm
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According to Vealey, which of the following is NOT part of psychological skills training program?
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communication skills
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Sport psychology topics that form the basis for PST programs include which of the following?
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a and b
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Which of the following demonstrates psychological skills training?
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a and b
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In general, most coaches state that their sport is at least what percentage mental?
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50%
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the studies investigating the effectiveness of PST in enhancing performance have generally found
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b and c
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Mental toughness can be seen as being "caught" or "taught." Which of the following is an example of mental toughness being "caught?"
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setting up practices to simulate game situations
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Shaping occurs when
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rewards are given to behaviors that approximate the correct response
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Which of the following statements about flow is FALSE?
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Individual sport athletes get into flow more often than team sport athletes
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The most effective type of feedback for retention of a skill is
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intermittent
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Flow is maximized when you are against an opponent
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of equal ability
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Burton (1989a), in a study of basketball skills, found that
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goal setting enhanced performance more for low-complexity tasks when compared to high-complexity tasks.
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Burton contends that athletes who set outcome goals will experience more anxiety and lower self-confidence in competition; this is
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a and c
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The phrase "out of sight, out of mind" is a reminder to
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write your goals down and place them where they can be seen
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According to the research of Burton and colleagues (2013) that investigated personality and goal setting, what type of athlete was best at using goal setting?
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performance-oriented
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It is recommended that appropriate goals be
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a combination of short- and long-term
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Which of the following goal types (according to research by Filby and colleagues) would produce the best performance?
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a combination of goals
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Research has indicated that live and filmed modeling increases self-efficacy in muscular-endurance tasks. This is an example of
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vicarious experiences
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Modeling can enhance performance. Which of the following modeling factors has NOT been shown to influence performance?
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passionate models
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Confidence is usually defined by sport psychologists as the
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believe that you can successfully perform a desired behavior
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Which of the following is FALSE?
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Coaches provide more beneficial feedback to low-expectance athletes
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Confidence is seen as multidimensional, consisting of confidence in
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all of these
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Self-efficacy theory was originated by
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Albert Bandura
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Which of the following points about self-efficacy theory is true?
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a and c
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The PETTLEP model emphasizes which of the following critical factors in imagery practice?
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a and c
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To determine whether using imagery is effective, evidence has been gathered using which of the following methods?
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a and b
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According to research, the most effective types of imagery scripts are
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video and audio
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Which of the following is NOT a use of imagery?
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reducing the amount of physical practice time
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Psychological explanations for the effectiveness of imagery include a focus on
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b and c
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The most effective type of imagery for helping athletes maintain confidence and stay focused is
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cognitive specific
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According to Pavio's work on the different functions of imagery, a person's imagery of staying relaxed under pressure would be an example of
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motivational-specific imagery
