PSY 2012 – Chapter 6 Quiz – Flashcards

A relatively permanent change in behavior or mental processes as a result of practice or experience is called _____.

The learning of an association between an environmental stimulus and a behavioral response is known as _____.

If a mother acts upset and fearful when exposed to a particular ethnic group, it is likely that her child will learn to be upset when exposed to the same ethnic group. This is an example of how prejudice is acquired through _____.

_____ conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.

Any stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without previous conditioning is a(n) _____.

In Pavlov's original classical conditioning experiments, the _____ was the neutral stimulus, the _____ was the stimulus that would elicit a reflex, and _____ was the reflexive response.

A(n) _____ is an unlearned reaction evoked by a stimulus without any learning.

A stimulus that, before conditioning, does not naturally bring about the response of interest is called _____.

A previously neutral stimulus that, through repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned response is now called a(n) _____.

Ten days in a row Frank felt a static electric shock when he kissed his wife on the living room carpet. Now he feels mildly anxious whenever he approaches his wife to kiss her. In classical conditioning, his wife was a(n) _____ stimulus ten days ago, and has now become a(n) _____ stimulus.

Which of the following develops gradually during the course of conditioning? A) UCS B) CS C) CR D) UCR

A(n) _____ is a learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus due to repeated pairings.

A Vietnam veteran experiences an intense emotional reaction to a clap of thunder. His emotional response is an example of a(n) _____.

Which of the following is an example of the use of classical conditioning in everyday life? A) Treating alcoholism with a drug that causes nausea when alcohol is consumed B) The use of seductive women to sell cars to men C) Politicians learn that associating themselves with home, family, babies, and the American flag D) all of these options

In John Watson's demonstration of classical conditioning with little Albert, the unconditioned STIMULUS was _____.

A conditioned emotional response is an emotion that is _____.

Wartime propaganda often depicts the enemy as ugly, cruel, and somewhat less than human. This type of propaganda creates _____ toward the enemy.

Most phobias are explained by _____.

Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences is called _____.

Consequences are a critical element in _____ conditioning.

An event that increases the probability that a response will be repeated is called _____.

An event that decreases the likelihood that a response will be repeated is called _____.

Generally, classical conditioning is _____; operant conditioning is _____.

Reinforcement and punishment are defined in terms of _____.

Which of the following is an example of Thorndike's law of effect? A) A chicken keeps poking a bar with its beak even though it is repeatedly shocked immediately afterwards. B) A teenage driver stops speeding when his father makes him start paying for his own speeding tickets. C) A ball keeps rolling downhill because of the pull of gravity. D) A cat keeps clawing the sofa despite being squirted with water every time it does this.

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched? A) Pavlov: classical conditioning B) Thorndike: law of effect C) Skinner: reinforcement D) all of these options are correctly matched

Eli's grandma gives him a Tootsie Roll every time she visits. After enough times of receiving a Tootsie Roll, Eli's mouth begins to water when he sees his grandma arriving. In this example of classical conditioning, the Tootsie Roll is the __________________, and the mouthwatering reaction is the __________________________.

Your dog is begging for food while you eat dinner. Your Mother gives him a morsel from her plate, and he stops barking. In this situation, your dog has been _____________, and you Mother has been ________________.