PSY 15 Review Questions – Flashcards

1. Stereotypes a) reflect normal cognitive processes that frequently are automatic. b) are widely held beliefs that people have certain characteristics because of their membership in a particular group. c) tend to be broad overgeneralized that ignore the diversity within social groups. d) all of the above

2. You believe that short men have a tendency to be insecure. The concept of illusory correlation implies that you will: a) overestimate how often you meet short men who are insecure. b) underestimate how often you meet short men who are insecure c) overestimate the frequency of short men in the population. d) falsely assume that shortness in men causes insecurity

3. A farther suggests that his son's low marks in school are due to the child's laziness. The father has made _ attribution. a) an external b) an internal c) a situational d) a high consensus

4. The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency of: a) observers to favor external attributions in explaining the behavior of others. b) observers to favor internal attributions in explaining the behavior of others. c) actors to favor external attributions in explaining the behavior of others d) actors to favor internal attributions in explaining their behavior.

5. Which of the following factors is not one that influences interpersonal attraction? a) Physical attractiveness b) Similarity c) Reciprocity d) Latitude of acceptance

6. According to Hazan and Shaver (1987): a) romantic relationships in adulthood follow the same form as attachment relationships in infancy. b) Those who had ambivalent attachments in infancy are doomed never to fall in love as adults. c) those who had avoidant attachments in infancy often overcompensate by becoming excessively intimate in their adult love relationships. d) all of the above are the case.

7. Which of the following variables does not tend to facilitate persuasion? a) Source credibility b) Source trustworthiness c) Forewarning if the receiver d) A two-sided argument

8. Cognitive dissonance theory predicts that people engage in behavior that contradicts their true feelings, they will: a) convince themselves they really don't perform the behavior. b) change their attitude to make it more consistent with their behavior. c) change their attitude to make it less consistent with their behavior. d) do nothing.

9. The elaboration likelihood model of attitude change suggests that: a) the peripheral route in more enduring attitude change. b) the central route results in more enduring change. c) only the central route to persuasion can be effective. d) only the peripheral route to persuasion can be effective.

10. The results of Milgram's (1963) study imply that: a) in the real world, most people will refuse to follow orders to inflict harm on a stranger. b) many people will obey an authority figure even if innocent people get hurt. c) most people are willing to give obviously wrong answers when ordered to do so. d) most people stick to their own judgment, even when group members unanimously disagree.

11. According to Latane, social loafing is due to: a) social norms that stress the importance of positive interactions among group members. b) duplication of effort among group members. c) diffusion of responsibility in groups. d) a bias toward making internal attributions about the behavior of others.

12. Groupthink occurs when members of a cohesive group: a) are initially unanimous about an issue. b) stress the importance of caution in group decision making. c) emphasis concurrence at the expense of critical thinking in arriving at a decision. d) shift toward a less extreme position after group discussion.