question

Which of these is NOT an ultrasocial species?

answer

dolphins

question

The single best predictor of aggression is:

answer

gender

question

Behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself is called:

answer

altruism

question

Which statement is NOT a characteristic of people considered to be beautiful?

answer

They are more intelligent.

question

The main reason that humans are one of the few species to have long, committed relationships is that:

answer

human infants are born before they are fully developed and thus need a lot of care.

question

Systems of rewards and punishment can backfire because:

answer

C) people do not like to feel manipulated.

question

Political candidates are eager for endorsements from movie stars and famous athletes, knowing that these endorsements will influence people to vote for them. The principle at work here is _____ persuasion.

answer

heuristic

question

Which statement best illustrates underestimating the variability within a category?

answer

B) Most professional football players come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

question

Students were given two math tests. Before the tests, students were told that men usually do better than women on Test A but not on Test B. Which of the following MOST likely occurred?

answer

D) Women performed more poorly than men on Test A, but did just as well as men on Test B.

question

According to the covariation model of attribution, situational attributions occur when an action is:

answer

D) inconsistent, distinctive, and consensual.

question

In the prisoner's dilemma, what strategy will produce the greatest benefit?

answer

B) confessing when the other player does not confess

question

In the ultimatum game, a person who feels that she is being cheated by another player usually will:

answer

A) forego his monetary prize to punish the other player.

question

A couple has just started to date. In light of Dutton and Aron's (1974) suspension bridge study results, which activity might increase their attraction to each other?

answer

skydiving

question

Most partners in a relationship seek:

answer

C) roughly equal cost-benefit ratios for the two partners.

question

When actors in Asch's line-judging study all gave the wrong answer on Trial 3 after providing correct answers on Trials 1 and 2, the real participant provided the:

answer

C) incorrect answer.

question

When a vacuum cleaner salesman persuades a potential customer to let him vacuum the living room for free, he is likely to increase his chances that he will make a sale. The salesman is using the _____ technique.

answer

D) foot-in-the-door

question

An error associated with stereotyping is that people tend to _____ the variability within a category and _____ the variability between categories.

answer

D) underestimate; overestimate

question

Specialized training can help people to:

answer

Specialized training can help people to:

question

Students smile and listen attentively as Professor Lee delivers her lecture. They laugh at her jokes and a few even applaud when she finishes. After class, Professor Lee is most likely to think that:

answer

D) she is a totally awesome lecturer.

question

The study of social behavior is best described as:

answer

A) studying how people interact with each other.

question

The trait that most people want those around them to have is:

answer

trustworthiness

question

Which statement is true?

answer

D) People see members of other groups in a less favorable light than members of their own group.

question

The first time Igor Stravinsky's innovative musical composition Rite of Spring was performed in 1913, the audience booed and nearly rioted. Almost 100 years later, this much-performed work has become a beloved staple of the classical repertoire. This change is most likely due to:

answer

B) the mere exposure effect.

question

With respect to relationships, a person's comparison level refers to:

answer

C) the cost-benefit ratio that people believe they deserve or could attain in another relationship.

question

The ability to control another person's behavior is termed:

answer

B) social influence.

question

Your roommate, Jessica, wants you to major in psychology. If she is using heuristic persuasion, she might:

answer

C) tell you about all the famous people who were psychology majors.

question

Which statement best illustrates underestimating the variability within a category?

answer

B) Most professional football players come from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

question

Bob is prejudiced against gay people. His best friend, Walter, is gay, but Bob says, "But he's different from the others." This rationalization is an illustration of:

answer

A) subtyping.

question

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person's behavior was caused by the situation is termed:

answer

C) correspondence bias.

question

Which statement about aggression is true?

answer

C) Male aggressiveness is related to both socialization and the presence of testosterone.

question

Which action BEST illustrates altruism?

answer

B) making an anonymous donation to a charity

question

A couple has just started to date. In light of Dutton and Aron's (1974) suspension bridge study results, which activity might increase their attraction to each other?

answer

C) skydiving

question

The main reason that humans are one of the few species to have long, committed relationships is that:

answer

A) human infants are born before they are fully developed and thus need a lot of care.

question

Research has confirmed that the reason why teachers obeyed the experimenter and delivered what they believed were potentially lethal shocks to completely innocent learners was because of:

answer

B) normative influence.

question

People are motivated to evaluate the consistency of their beliefs because doing so:

answer

D) is a means of evaluating the accuracy of new beliefs.

question

Professor Ross, who believes that women are innately unsuited for science, is much more likely to notice the mistakes of his female lab assistants than the mistakes of his male lab assistants. His behavior is an example of:

answer

C) perceptual confirmation.

question

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person's behavior was caused by the situation is termed:

answer

C) correspondence bias.

question

The process by which people come to think about others is termed social:

answer

cognition

question

The rate of murder in the United States is _____ than it was a century ago.

answer

D) much lower

question

The bird who gives an "alarm call" upon seeing a predator and thereby puts itself at a greater risk of being eaten is engaging in:

answer

C) kin selection.

question

Isabel was voted the "best-looking girl" in her high school graduating class. Compared with her peers, Isabel also is likely to:

answer

A) have more friends than her less-attractive peers.

question

The hypothesis that people stay in relationships as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits is known as:

answer

B) social exchange.

question

Research has confirmed that the reason why teachers obeyed the experimenter and delivered what they believed were potentially lethal shocks to completely innocent learners was because of:

answer

B) normative influence.

question

Producers of TV comedy shows sometimes used laugh tracks. These producers are subjecting viewers to:

answer

B) informational influence.

question

The word stereotyping was coined by:

answer

C) Walter Lippmann.

question

People are often not aware of the stereotypes they are using because they occur:

answer

unconsciously

question

Another term for correspondence bias is:

answer

A) the fundamental attribution error.

question

Which man is MOST likely to be aggressive?

answer

B) a younger man with unrealistically high self-esteem

question

Which statement is true?

answer

D) People see members of other groups in a less favorable light than members of their own group.

question

Which statement about the biological determinants of mate selectivity is FALSE?

answer

A) There are considerable physical costs associated with conception for both sexes.

question

Julie probably would feel most dissatisfied with her relationship with Steven if:

answer

A) her cost-benefit ratio is substantially more favorable than Steven's.

question

What percentage of Milgram's teachers delivered the highest possible voltage of "shock" to the learner?

answer

62

question

Senior psychology majors listened to a speaker who promoted the funding of a cutting-edge neuroscience lab that would be available for student use within the next five years. According to research on persuasion, these seniors would be most influenced by:

answer

A) the status of the speaker.

question

Black and White participants were shown pictures for less than 1 second of White and Black men carrying either guns or cameras. Participants were instructed to "shoot" the men carrying guns by pressing a button. What were the results of the study?

answer

B) White and Black participants were more likely to mistake a camera for a gun if it was held by a Black man.

question

The actor-observer effect occurs primarily because people have:

answer

A) more information about the situational factors influencing their own behavior.

question

How do humans differ from other ultrasocial species?

answer

D) Humans are the only ultrasocial species whose societies consist of genetically unrelated individuals.

question

As the ratio of mob members to victims _____, the level of atrocity directed at the victims _____.

answer

A) increases; increases

question

Dutton and Aron's (1974) suspension bridge study demonstrated that men may misinterpret _____ for _____.

answer

C) physiological arousal; physical attraction

question

Which proverb BEST describes the research findings concerning attraction?

answer

C) "Birds of a feather flock together."

question

In the Milgram obedience studies, participants rarely obeyed the instructions when the:

answer

A) experimenter wasn't wearing a lab coat.

question

The process by which a person identifies a stimulus as a member of a class of related stimuli is called:

answer

B) categorization.

question

When a person clearly disconfirms an observer's stereotype, the observer may create a new subcategory in order to retain the stereotype. This behavior is called:

answer

C) subtyping.

question

Inferences about the causes of people's behavior are termed:

answer

attributions

question

Compared with men, women are _____ likely to aggress without provocation and are _____ likely to aggress in ways that cause physical injury.

answer

D) less; less

question

Which statement about the biological determinants of mate selectivity is FALSE?

answer

A) There are considerable physical costs associated with conception for both sexes.

question

In Ghana, most men desire to:

answer

be short

question

The foot-in-the-door technique works because of:

answer

B) our desire for consistency.

question

The process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong is known as:

answer

stereotyping

question

Which term does NOT describe stereotypes?

answer

inevitable

question

Shawn explains that he chose to major in business management because his father insisted that he should be self-sufficient when he graduates; he describes his girlfriend's choice of a nursing major as the result of her caring, compassionate nature. This is an example of:

answer

B) the actor-observer effect.

question

Which of these is NOT a defining characteristic of ultrasocial species?

answer

altruism

question

Even when participants are assigned to completely meaningless groups, it is highly likely they will exhibit:

answer

C) preferential treatment to members of their own group.

question

Men tend to date and marry women who are:

answer

D) about as attractive as they are.

question

Which "message card" would be most effective in influencing hotel guests to reuse their bathroom towels?

answer

A) "Seventy-five percent of our guests use their towels more than once."

question

A _____ is a simple shortcut or "rule of thumb."

answer

heuristic

question

There are 1,000 members of Group A and 100 members of Group B in the community. Nine hundred members of Group A and 90 members of Group B routinely engage in acts benefiting the community. One hundred members of Group A and 10 members of Group B routinely engage in criminal acts. Which of these will MOST likely be remembered?

answer

D) One member of Group B engaging in a criminal act.

question

The tendency for people to see what they expect to see is termed:

answer

B) perceptual confirmation.

question

Selena and Haley go to a party on Thursday night and then do very poorly on their calculus test the next morning. According to the actor-observer effect, Selena is more likely to attribute her performance to _____ and Haley's performance to _____.

answer

D) sleep deprivation; being poor at math

question

How many species have been identified as ultrasocial?

answer

4

question

Research on cooperation has often involved using:

answer

C) the prisoner's dilemma.

question

One of the dangers of groupthink is the group's tendency to:

answer

D) sacrifice a balanced discussion of the options in order to achieve consensus.

question

Samantha is a first-year college student living on the ninth floor of a residence hall. By the end of the year, she is MOST likely to be friends with:

answer

D) Michelle, an average student who lives in the room next to Samantha's.

question

Which inner quality is least important in influencing attractiveness?

answer

uniqueness

question

One person stands on the sidewalk, looks up, and stares at the top of a tall building. Other people then do the same. This phenomenon is an example of:

answer

A) informational influence.

question

The belief that men have greater upper body strength than women:

answer

D) is only true with respect to the average strength of men and women.

question

Which of these is not one of the basic motives that makes a person susceptible to social influence?

answer

D) equity motive

question

Which stressor would MOST likely cause the greatest damage to your health?

answer

D) living in a crowded, noisy city

question

Brain activation in response to a threat begins in the:

answer

hypothalamus

question

The main cause of coronary heart disease is _____, a gradual narrowing of the arteries that occur due to plaque deposits.

answer

atherosclerosis

question

In one study, an attractive person approached opposite-sex strangers on a college campus and asked, "Would you go out with me tonight?" What was the outcome?

answer

C) Men and women were about equally likely to agree to a date.

question

Finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor to reduce its threat is called:

answer

reframing

question

As a technique to increase relaxation, biofeedback has proven to be _____ traditional relaxation therapy.

answer

C) about as effective as

question

A placebo may decrease the activity of all these brain regions EXCEPT the:

answer

C) hippocampus.

question

Psychological disorders in which the patient displays physical symptoms not fully explained by a general medical condition were called _____ disorders.

answer

somatoform

question

Compared to participants who received relaxation and meditation training to deal with stress, participants who received hardiness training experienced _____ in perceived personal stress.

answer

D) greater reduction

question

The most effective means by which to stop smoking involves:

answer

C) persistence in trying to quit.

question

Elements of city life, such as noise, traffic, and pollution, produce:

answer

A) chronic stress.

question

The _____ refers to an emotional and physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action.

answer

C) fight-or-flight response

question

Those who react with _____ to stress are most likely to develop premature heart disease.

answer

C) anger and hostility

question

A couple has just started to date. In light of Dutton and Aron's (1974) suspension bridge study results, which activity might increase their attraction to each other?

answer

skydiving

question

Finding a new or creative way to think about a stressor to reduce its threat is called:

answer

reframing

question

Which individual is associated with developing biofeedback?

answer

A) Joe Kamiya

question

Directing attention toward the body _____ the likelihood that people will report _____ problems.

answer

B) increases; physical and psychological

question

Jill has an abrasion on the cornea of her right eye. Which condition is LEAST likely promote satisfactory compliance with her treatment regimen?

answer

B) Jill is required to administer the drops every 4 hours.

question

Among people who have just had heart surgery, one would expect that _____ would be _____ likely to have postsurgical complications.

answer

C) optimists; less

question

Instead of dieting, some psychologists recommend controlling weight by:

answer

D) emphasizing exercise.

question

Stress is to a _____ as a stressor is to a _____.

answer

C) response; stimulus

question

The key function of cortisol is to:

answer

A) increase blood glucose levels for use by the muscles.

question

Psychologists would identify which person as MOST at risk for developing premature heart disease?

answer

D) John, a manager who often exhibits anger toward his employees

question

In choosing a long-term mate for a monogamous relationship:

answer

C) both sexes are equally selective.

question

_____ is the style of dealing with stress characterized by avoiding situations or thoughts that are reminders of a stressor and maintaining an artificially positive viewpoint.

answer

C) Repressive coping

question

Which person would be expected to have the lowest levels of anger, depression, and stress?

answer

A) Julie, who walks briskly for 30 minutes five times per week

question

_____ are released by white blood cells and stimulate the vagus nerve, producing a sickness response.

answer

Cytokines

question

What is one obligation associated with a sick role for a teenager?

answer

D) taking steps to get better

question

Sexually active female college students who do not use birth control tend to judge their likelihood of getting pregnant in the next year as _____ the likelihood of the average sexually active female college student becoming pregnant.

answer

D) considerably lower than

question

When faced with a stressor, people report that the level of stress is _____ when they perceive that _____.

answer

D) greatest; they cannot control stressful events

question

ACTH travels from the pituitary gland to the adrenal glands via the:

answer

bloodstream

question

Samantha is a first-year college student living on the ninth floor of a residence hall. By the end of the year, she is MOST likely to be friends with:

answer

D) Michelle, an average student who lives in the room next to Samantha's.

question

Which statement best fits the definition of reframing as a stress control technique?

answer

B) Julie reduces her anxiety about public speaking by imagining that she is evaluating her audience.

question

_____ are more likely than others to be stressed and depressed.

answer

C) Lonely people

question

In a large lecture hall, coughing appears to be most contagious:

answer

C) at boring points in the lecture.

question

Compliance with a treatment deteriorates in all of these EXCEPT when the:

answer

D) number of treatments decreases.

question

Suzanne Kobasa studied a group of stress-resistant business executives, suggesting that they shared a trait she called:

answer

hardiness

question

Public health professionals have recognized for some time that one of the major reasons people engage in risky sexual behaviors is because people:

answer

B) believe that they are uniquely invulnerable to the consequences of their behavior.

question

Melanie is studying the effects of urban crowding on the prevalence of anxiety disorders. It is most likely that Melanie is a(n) _____ psychologist.

answer

environmental

question

Which hormone is NOT considered a stress hormone?

answer

leptin

question

Who introduced the concept of a Type A behavior pattern?

answer

C) Friedman and Rosenman

question

Which statement is NOT a characteristic of people considered to be beautiful?

answer

C) They are more intelligent.

question

Which senior citizen is MOST likely to suffer from poor health?

answer

C) a man who does not exercise and who lives alone

question

The hardy personality has been shown to offer protection from stress-induced illnesses. According to research, all of these traits are evident in hardiness EXCEPT a:

answer

B) sense of conscientiousness.

question

The adrenal glands release all these hormones EXCEPT:

answer

D) ACTH.

question

_____ coined the term general adaptation syndrome.

answer

D) Hans Selye

question

In one study, an attractive person approached opposite-sex strangers on a college campus and asked, "Would you go to bed with me?" What was the outcome?

answer

B) Every woman said "no."

question

The cognitive strategy for managing stress that involves facing the stressor and working to overcome it is called:

answer

C) rational coping.

question

Which senior citizen is MOST likely to suffer from poor health?

answer

C) a man who does not exercise and who lives alone

question

Ginger tends to exaggerate her every physical symptom no matter how slight, truly convinced that she has terminal cancer or a rare blood disease, but her doctor can find nothing physically wrong. Ginger is exhibiting the signs of a somatoform disorder known as:

answer

A) hypochondriasis.

question

Which statement BEST describes the effects of optimism on health?

answer

C) Optimism maintains psychological health in the face of a physical health problem.

question

It is estimated that nearly _____ percent of college students are current smokers.

answer

20

question

Sarah is interested in psychology as a career choice. In particular, she is interested in the area of psychology concerned with ways in which psychological factors influence the causes and treatment of physical illness and the maintenance of health. Most likely, Sarah would select _____ as a career choice.

answer

B) health psychology

question

Which of these are catecholamines?

answer

C) epinephrine and norepinephrine

question

_____ is the style of dealing with stress characterized by avoiding situations or thoughts that are reminders of a stressor and maintaining an artificially positive viewpoint.

answer

C) Repressive coping

question

According to Shelley Taylor, the female response to stress is to _____, whereas the male response more often is _____.

answer

A) tend-and-befriend; fight-or-flight

question

Which statement about the sickness response is FALSE?

answer

D) Drugs that block the activity of cytokines enhance the sickness response.

question

Phil is an optimist, and he will therefore be more likely than a pessimist to experience all these benefits when sick EXCEPT to:

answer

B) live a longer life.

question

Which statement has NOT been suggested as a reason the French are less obese than Americans?

answer

A) Foods eaten in France contain less fat than those in the United States.

question

Rats studied by Hans Selye were subjected to various prolonged stressors. All of these physiological responses were observed in the rats EXCEPT:

answer

C) enlarged thymus glands.

question

Isabel was voted the "best-looking girl" in her high school graduating class. Compared with her peers, Isabel also is likely to:

answer

A) have more friends than her less-attractive peers.

question

Approximately _____ percent of college students report that they occasionally feel overwhelmed by academic tasks.

answer

90

question

Among college students, _____ tend to show reduced immune responses to viruses.

answer

freshmen

question

A clinically significant psychological or physiological response to a therapeutically inert substance or procedure is termed a _____ effect.

answer

placebo

question

Among people who have just had heart surgery, one would expect that _____ would be _____ likely to have postsurgical complications.

answer

C) optimists; less

question

Which statement about smoking is FALSE?

answer

D) The rate of smoking in the United States is increasing.

question

Who is LEAST likely to develop an illness in the near future, according to the College Undergraduate Stress Scale?

answer

C) a person going on a first date

question

The _____ phase of the general adaptation syndrome is similar to the fight-or-flight syndrome proposed by Walter Cannon.

answer

alarm

question

Anthony Philip's homeroom teacher seats her pupils in alphabetical order. By the end of the school year, Anthony's best friends had become Jake Parker and Aaron Porter. This is BEST explained by the phenomenon called:

answer

D) mere exposure effect.

question

People who report higher levels of pain have enhanced activity in all of these areas of the brain EXCEPT the:

answer

A) thalamus.

question

Ginger tends to exaggerate her every physical symptom no matter how slight, truly convinced that she has terminal cancer or a rare blood disease, but her doctor can find nothing physically wrong. Ginger is exhibiting the signs of a somatoform disorder known as:

answer

A) hypochondriasis.

question

Compared to participants who received relaxation and meditation training to deal with stress, participants who received hardiness training experienced _____ in perceived personal stress.

answer

D) greater reduction

question

_____ conducted research on the relationship between experiencing multiple stressors and the incidence of illness.

answer

C) Holmes and Rahe

question

In response to threat, the hormone _____ is secreted from the _____ gland.

answer

D) ACTH; pituitary

question

The Type _____ behavior pattern is characterized by a tendency toward easily aroused anger, impatience, a sense of urgency, and competition.

answer

A

question

Research on predictors of online dating choices has found that:

answer

A) physical attractiveness was the only factor that predicted online dating choices in both men and women.

question

A doctor administers a placebo to Simon and shortly thereafter he feels better. This placebo effect occurs unconsciously and is due to a learning process termed:

answer

B) classical conditioning.

question

A socially recognized set of rights and obligations linked with illness is known as:

answer

the sick role

question

Kaylie has been diagnosed with both social phobia and depression. Kaylie's case exemplifies:

answer

comorbidity

question

All of these have been implicated as playing a role in vulnerability to phobias EXCEPT:

answer

D) abnormally low levels of activity in the amygdala.

question

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a panic attack?

answer

D) disorganized speech

question

Pat finds herself worrying about most things in her life, from whether her children are safe drivers to making the right decision on refinancing her home, what to fix for dinner, and whether her husband is faithful. Pat's worrying has begun to interfere with her sleep. Pat MOST likely has:

answer

C) generalized anxiety disorder.

question

Jose is terrified that someone is going to break into his house; he checks his locks dozens of times each day and sets up traps to detect the presence of intruders when he is away. It is likely that Jose has:

answer

B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

question

Over the past 9 months, Trisha has become lethargic and has stopped working out at the gym (and as a consequence has gained considerable weight). Previously full of energy and curiosity, she now shows a lack of interest in virtually everything, even sex. It is likely that Trisha is suffering from a _____ disorder.

answer

mood

question

The concordance rate for schizophrenia among identical twins is approximately _____ percent.

answer

48

question

Over the last eight months, at school and at home, Chris has been running around when he is supposed to be sitting, not paying attention to what he is told to do, getting easily distracted during tasks, and regularly losing focus when he is trying to read. Chris may well be experiencing:

answer

D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

question

_____ disorders are defined as deeply ingrained, inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others that cause distress or impaired functioning.

answer

Personality

question

Suicide is the _____ leading cause of death in the United States among high school and college students.

answer

2nd

question

Different individuals experience a mental disorder for different reasons. This phenomenon illustrates:

answer

A) the complexity of causation.

question

Individuals with phobic disorders:

answer

D) recognize that their fear is irrational.

question

Administration of the chemical _____ induces a panic attack in most people with panic disorder.

answer

B) sodium lactate

question

Just over _____ percent of North Americans are estimated to suffer from GAD at some point in their lives.

answer

5

question

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the obsessive thoughts _____, and the compulsive behaviors _____.

answer

A) produce anxiety; reduce it

question

A manic episode must last at least _____ to meet the diagnostic criterion for bipolar disorder.

answer

B) 1 week

question

Marian reports seeing vampires outside her house every evening; no one else has reported vampires or anything else in the area. Marian has not been under the influence of any substances when she has made these sightings. Marion is experiencing:

answer

B) hallucinations.

question

Autistic disorder is most associated with impairments in:

answer

C) communication and social interaction.

question

The avoidant personality type differs from the schizoid personality type in that the:

answer

C) avoidant personality type yearns for social contact, whereas the schizoid personality type does not.

question

Brains of people with antisocial personality disorder often exhibit _____ activity in the _____.

answer

C) decreased; amygdala

question

During their lifetimes, approximately _____ percent of Americans will experience some type of mental disorder.

answer

50

question

About _____ percent of the U.S. population reports having had at least one panic attack during a period of intense stress.

answer

C) 22

question

Which of these is the MOST common obsession/compulsion in people with OCD?

answer

checking

question

_____ was one of the first theorists to emphasize the role of thought in depression.

answer

C) Aaron Beck

question

_____ is characterized by a profound disruption of basic psychological processes, distorted perception of reality, blunt or inappropriate affect, and problems with thoughts and behavior.

answer

A) Schizophrenia

question

Which personality disorder is part of the dramatic/erratic cluster?

answer

D) narcissistic

question

Which of these is NOT a component of the DSM-5?

answer

B) causes of psychological disorders

question

Which of these is NOT an anxiety disorder?

answer

B) bipolar disorder

question

A feeling of being detached from one's body is termed:

answer

B) depersonalization.

question

Which characteristic is NOT a common symptom of GAD?

answer

D) psychosis

question

About _____ percent of people will develop OCD sometime in their lives.

answer

2

question

Depressed people tend to attribute their negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable, and global. This pattern supports the _____ theory.

answer

C) helplessness

question

Which statement about the relationship between neuroanatomy and schizophrenia is true?

answer

D) Schizophrenia is associated with progressive brain tissue loss.

question

The rate of autism diagnoses have increased over the past few years. Which of these is NOT a reason for this increase?

answer

B) more screening

question

Which personality disorder is NOT among the anxious/inhibited cluster?

answer

A) schizoid

question

Adults with antisocial personality disorder typically have a history of _____ before the age of 15.

answer

D) conduct disorder

question

Possible social or environmental factors in mental disorders include all of these EXCEPT:

answer

A) maladaptive learning and coping.

question

All of these have been implicated as playing a role in vulnerability to phobias EXCEPT:

answer

D) abnormally low levels of activity in the amygdala.

question

Family studies suggest some hereditary component to panic disorder, with _____ percent of the variance in liability for developing panic disorder attributed to genetic influence.

answer

C) 30-40

question

What is the mental disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts and ritualistic behaviors designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with functioning?

answer

D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

The heritability estimate for major depression _____ as the severity of the symptoms _____.

answer

D) decreases; decreases

question

A patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained despite its irrationality is termed a:

answer

C) delusion.

question

Which personality disorder is NOT among the odd/eccentric cluster?

answer

B) avoidant

question

Suicide is the _____ leading cause of death in the United States.

answer

D) 10th

question

Which statement regarding psychological disorders is true?

answer

B) They rarely have a single cause.

question

Who proposed the preparedness theory of phobias?

answer

B) Martin Seligman

question

Due to the unexpected nature of panic attacks, some people develop a fear of public places; they are afraid that they will have a panic attack and help will not be available. The fear of public places is which disorder?

answer

C) agoraphobia

question

Which person is MOST likely to be diagnosed with GAD?

answer

B) a poor woman living in a homeless shelter after recently being laid off

question

Dysthymia is _____ severe than major depressive disorder and lasts at least 2 _____.

answer

B) less; years

question

The average risk for developing schizophrenia is highest for which of these?

answer

C) a monozygotic twin whose sibling has schizophrenia

question

Children who experience ADHD may experience any of the following EXCEPT:

answer

B) avoiding interrupting others.

question

Melanie was extremely impressed when she first met Jason. He seemed self-confident and highly successful. After dating him for several weeks, however, Melanie realized that Jason tended to exaggerate his accomplishments and was totally absorbed with himself. Jason's behavior is consistent with which personality disorder?

answer

B) narcissistic

question

A pervasive pattern of disregard and violation of the rights of others is the definition of _____ personality disorder.

answer

C) antisocial

question

The diathesis-stress model explains disease as the result of:

answer

A) a predisposition for a disease and a triggering event.

question

Ellen was kicked by a horse as a child. She now has a severe fear of horses. Even pictures of horses can make her sweat and feel anxious. Ellen's behavior demonstrates _____ conditioning.

answer

A) classical

question

The anxiety of someone with GAD is:

answer

A) often irrational.

question

Approximately what percentage of U.S. veterans of recent operations in Iraq met criteria for PTSD after their deployment?

answer

12

question

Which of these is NOT a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

answer

C) hallucinations

question

Autistic disorder is most associated with impairments in:

answer

C) communication and social interaction.

question

Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults have reported seriously considering suicide at some point in their lives?

answer

15

question

Which statements about diatheses is FALSE?

answer

B) If a diathesis is inherited, the disease associated with it will occur.

question

All of these have been implicated as playing a role in vulnerability to phobias EXCEPT:

answer

D) abnormally low levels of activity in the amygdala.

question

Valium belongs to a class of drugs known as:

answer

B) benzodiazepines.

question

All of these are symptoms of bipolar disorder, manic phase, EXCEPT:

answer

D) increased need for sleep.

question

Shirin sits for hours with her head in her hands and doesn't move a muscle. When a nurse tries to pull her head up, she resists. Her disorder has been diagnosed as schizophrenia; her behavior suggests that the type is:

answer

A) catatonic.

question

Which personality disorder is NOT among the anxious/inhibited cluster?

answer

A) schizoid

question

Possible biological factors in mental disorders include all these EXCEPT:

answer

C) reaction to stress.

question

Human beings and monkeys have been shown to be instinctively primed to learn fears of certain things, such as of snakes and spiders. Which theory supports this proposition?

answer

D) preparedness theory

question

Which of these people would MOST likely be diagnosed with panic disorder?

answer

D) Casey, who has occasional panic attacks and dreads having another

question

Generalized anxiety disorder is more prevalent in all of these EXCEPT:

answer

B) people living in rural areas.

question

Depressed people tend to attribute their negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable, and global. This pattern supports the _____ theory.

answer

C) helplessness

question

What is the condition in which a child or adolescent engages in a persistent pattern of deviant behavior involving aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious rule violations?

answer

B) conduct disorder

question

In a recent study, about _____ percent of male prisoners were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.

answer

50

question

Which of these is NOT a component of the DSM-5?

answer

B) causes of psychological disorders

question

The preparedness theory of phobia suggests that:

answer

D) we are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears.

question

Which of these people would MOST likely be diagnosed with panic disorder?

answer

D) Casey, who has occasional panic attacks and dreads having another

question

Josh constantly complains about fatigue, muscle tension, and sleep problems. He is irritable, worries incessantly about little things that cause others in his family no concern, and has trouble concentrating. From his symptoms, it is likely that Josh has:

answer

A) generalized anxiety disorder.

question

Which of these is NOT a common obsession/compulsion in people with OCD?

answer

counting

question

The first episode of schizophrenia typically occurs in which age group?

answer

C) late adolescence to early adulthood

question

The rate of autism diagnoses have increased over the past few years. Which of these is NOT a reason for this increase?

answer

B) more screening

question

Which personality disorder is part of the dramatic/erratic cluster?

answer

D) narcissistic

question

Men are _____ times more likely to have antisocial personality disorder.

answer

three

question

In general, therapies for psychological disorders can be divided into _____ and _____ treatments.

answer

B) psychosocial; biological

question

A primary goal of psychodynamic therapy is to have the client:

answer

D) develop insight into unconscious memories, impulses, and conflicts.

question

Which statement about person-centered therapy is FALSE?

answer

B) Therapists provide frequent suggestions about how to reach clients' goals.

question

Operant conditioning procedures focus on changing behavior using:

answer

C) reinforcement and punishment.

question

Which statement about Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is true?

answer

C) AA encourages members to make amends for harm to others.

question

Antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia are believed to block _____ receptors in the brain.

answer

B) dopamine

question

Antidepressants were first introduced in the 1950s when _____, a drug that was used to treat tuberculosis, was found to elevate mood.

answer

C) iproniazid

question

Research has shown that in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders:

answer

C) CBT is equally effective as medication.

question

Michelle has a warm relationship with her psychoanalyst. Over the last few years, her depression has lessened considerably. Both Michelle and her analyst attribute her improvement to the insight she has gained into her unconscious as a result of therapy. In actuality, however, her improvement is due to having an understanding person with whom to talk. Michelle's improvement illustrates:

answer

B) a nonspecific treatment effect.

question

Kat visited a cognitive psychologist to deal with issues associated with adjusting to her new job. Over the course of treatment, the therapist challenged Kat's patterns of negative thinking. Until this point, Kat never had been aware of just how distorted and irrational her thinking was. This realization triggered an episode of major depressive disorder. Kat's depression can be best described as a(n):

answer

C) iatrogenic illness.

question

Dr. Williams received her PhD in clinical psychology. Dr. Williams is a:

answer

A) psychologist.

question

What is the term for a reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant unconscious material?

answer

C) resistance

question

In person-centered therapy, the therapist does not typically provide advice due to the belief that the client can and will recognize the right thing to do. This approach is described as:

answer

B) nondirective.

question

The idea of focusing treatment on the client's behavior instead of the client's unconscious was inspired by:

answer

A) behaviorism.

question

All of these are personal benefits of self-help or support groups EXCEPT:

answer

C) becoming oversensitized to all of the symptoms associated with the problem.

question

Antipsychotic medications work well on _____ symptoms associated with schizophrenia but are less effective on _____ symptoms.

answer

C) positive; negative

question

To prevent side effects, patients on lithium must regularly:

answer

C) have blood levels of the medication checked.

question

Unlike ECT, TMS has been shown to be effective in treating:

answer

D) auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.

question

Researchers attempt to overcome the effects of treatment illusions in outcome studies in all of these ways EXCEPT by:

answer

C) specifying that both control and treatment groups always have equal numbers of males and females.

question

Psychotherapy has a risk of being harmful. However, psychotherapists adhere to the _____ to minimize the risk of harm to their patients.

answer

B) ethical standards of the American Psychological Association

question

All of these are barriers to seeking treatment for a mental disorder EXCEPT:

answer

D) individuals often feel they need help in handling their problem.

question

An interaction between therapist and client, with the goal of support for the client or relief from the client's psychological problem, is called:

answer

C) psychotherapy.

question

Scott is having relationship problems with his wife, Samantha. Scott's therapist directs Scott to pretend that Samantha is sitting in an empty chair across from him. Scott is instructed to say whatever he wants to say to Samantha. Then Scott must switch chairs, assume the role of Samantha, and provide her reply. Scott's therapist is using a(n) _____ technique.

answer

C) Gestalt

question

Which therapy focuses on understanding and changing the client's meaning, assumptions, and beliefs about events?

answer

C) cognitive

question

Which of these is NOT an advantage of group therapy?

answer

D) Group therapy usually is more effective than individual psychotherapy.

question

Benzodiazepines work on which neurotransmitter?

answer

GABA

question

Drugs used to treat bipolar disorder are called:

answer

C) mood stabilizers.

question

_____ refers to the fact that symptoms sometimes improve during treatment simply because clients often wait until symptoms are at their worst before seeking treatment; when you're at the bottom, there is no place to go but up.

answer

A) Natural improvement

question

_____ is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships.

answer

B) Interpersonal psychotherapy

question

The type of therapy that has the goals of helping clients become aware of their own thoughts, behaviors, feelings, and experiences and helping clients take responsibility for them is _____ therapy.

answer

D) Gestalt

question

Jean-Luc has a fear of the dentist. He is taken to the dentist's office every week for a month. Each time, he stays a bit longer and realizes that it is not such a scary place. Jean-Luc's therapist is using which behavior therapy?

answer

B) exposure

question

All the following are examples of self-help groups EXCEPT:

answer

D) Big Brothers/Big Sisters.

question

_____ antipsychotic drugs are different than _____ antipsychotic drugs because they block both dopamine and serotonin receptors.

answer

A) Atypical; conventional

question

Leroy is taking an antidepressant. One evening while at his favorite sports bar, he suffered a large spike in blood pressure and had to be taken to the hospital after consuming sausage, cheese, and a few draft beers. Leroy's antidepressant is a(n):

answer

D) MAOI.

question

Which statement accurately describes the effects of an SSRI or a CBT on brain mechanisms underlying successful treatment for social phobia?

answer

B) Both were associated with decreased activity in the amygdala and hippocampus.

question

In a double-blind experiment:

answer

C) both the experimenter and the participant are uninformed about which treatment the participant is receiving.

question

Which of these treatments for psychological problems is most commonly associated with dangerous side effects?

answer

A) drug treatment

question

To become a practicing social worker, a person needs a :

answer

C) master's degree in social work.

question

During therapy, Marie begins to react to her psychoanalytic therapist as she typically does to her mother. Marie is probably experiencing:

answer

C) transference.

question

A recent study found that only _____ percent of people diagnosed with a serious mental disorder which substantially interferes with major life activities received treatment in the past year.

answer

40

question

A person-centered therapist does not utilize:

answer

A) cognitive restructuring.

question

In which cognitive therapy technique are people taught to be fully present in each moment and to be aware of their thoughts, feelings, and sensations in order to detect symptoms before they become a problem?

answer

C) mindfulness meditation

question

The most commonly used antianxiety medication is part of which class of drug?

answer

A) benzodiazepines

question

The treatment in which a magnet is placed over a patient's head in order to alter neuron activity is called:

answer

TMS

question

Woody has been in therapy for years. Because he unknowingly tends to exaggerate the severity of his symptoms before the treatment begins, he believes that the therapy has been extremely successful. In actuality, Woody's condition is only slightly better now than it was before treatment. Woody's perception that his condition is vastly improved is probably due to:

answer

v D) an error in reconstructive memory.

question

In general, the majority of research finds that psychotherapy:

answer

C) is more effective than not receiving a treatment.

question

Every time Jack's therapist suggests that his problems in trusting females in romantic relationships might stem from early childhood conflicts with his mother, Jack changes the subject and begins discussing something else. Jack is demonstrating:

answer

A) resistance.

question

Which therapy assumes everyone has a tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist?

answer

A) person-centered

question

Therapies involving operant conditioning typically manipulate:

answer

B) the consequences of behavior.

question

Adam had always been the problem child of the family, getting in trouble for skipping school and routinely disobeying his parents and their rules for him. His parents arranged a family therapy session, and Adam was surprised to hear the therapist say that:

answer

A) he was not the sole problem but instead that the family system was broken.

question

The first drug used to treat schizophrenia was called:

answer

A) Thorazine.

question

To prevent side effects, patients on lithium must regularly:

answer

C) have blood levels of the medication checked.

question

TMS is reportedly an effective and noninvasive therapy for which of these?

answer

C) depression

question

Psychotherapy has a risk of being harmful. However, psychotherapists adhere to the _____ to minimize the risk of harm to their patients.

answer

B) ethical standards of the American Psychological Association

question

Anya's depression is beginning to affect her relationships with friends and family, and her grades at school are suffering. Anya's doctor prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor to treat her depression. Anya's doctor probably is a:

answer

D) psychiatrist.

question

Striving to see the world from the client's perspective demonstrates:

answer

empathy

question

Jean-Luc has a fear of the dentist. He is taken to the dentist's office every week for a month. Each time, he stays a bit longer and realizes that it is not such a scary place. Jean-Luc's therapist is using which behavior therapy?

answer

exposure

question

Lately, Charlie and Angelica have been having problems in their relationship. Both are having trouble communicating their true feelings to each other. Which therapy might be MOST beneficial to them?

answer

C) couples therapy

question

A person who receives a prescription for a benzodiazepine for anxiety would more than likely get a prescription for only a short period of time for all of these reasons EXCEPT to:

answer

D) minimize damage to the thyroid and kidneys.

question

Tricyclic antidepressants increase levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in synapses by:

answer

C) blocking their reuptake.

question

The main side effect of ECT is:

answer

D) impaired short-term memory.

question

Researchers are attempting to assess if cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression. Participants with unipolar depression are assessed and then randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a control group. The treatment group receives CBT twice per week for 6 weeks. The control group receives no treatment. At the end of the 6 weeks, the depression levels of both groups are reassessed. This is an example of a(n):

answer

A) outcome study.

question

Which organization publishes research on well-established and probably efficacious treatments for psychological disorders?

answer

B) American Psychological Association

question

_____ developed person-centered therapy.

answer

C) Carl Rogers

question

All the following are examples of self-help groups EXCEPT:

answer

D) Big Brothers/Big Sisters.

question

Tricyclic antidepressants such as Elavil work by keeping more _____ in the synapses.

answer

A) norepinephrine and serotonin

question

A lobotomy involves:

answer

C) severing connections between the frontal lobes and inner brain structures.

question

Marjorie is a graduating senior with an undergraduate degree in psychology. She wants to become a clinical psychologist. Which statement regarding Marjorie's education is true?

answer

C) Marjorie still needs approximately 5 years of graduate school.

question

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) differs from traditional psychoanalysis in that:

answer

C) analysts using IPT are more likely to offer support or advice to the client.

question

Fritz Perls and his colleagues developed _____ therapy.

answer

D) Gestalt

question

Adam consistently experienced stress in social situations. He worried that everyone thought he was different and that no one liked him. Adam's therapist taught him to focus on each situation as unique, and instead of focusing on his surroundings and others, to focus on being aware of what he was feeling and to stop his negative thinking before it led him to being anxious. Adam learned which technique for dealing with his stress?

answer

B) mindfulness meditation

question

_____, a physician, developed _____ in the 1930s and received a Nobel Prize for this work.

answer

B) Egas Moniz; the lobotomy

question

Michelle has a warm relationship with her psychoanalyst. Over the last few years, her depression has lessened considerably. Both Michelle and her analyst attribute her improvement to the insight she has gained into her unconscious as a result of therapy. In actuality, however, her improvement is due to having an understanding person with whom to talk. Michelle's improvement illustrates:

answer

B) a nonspecific treatment effect.

question

Kat visited a cognitive psychologist to deal with issues associated with adjusting to her new job. Over the course of treatment, the therapist challenged Kat's patterns of negative thinking. Until this point, Kat never had been aware of just how distorted and irrational her thinking was. This realization triggered an episode of major depressive disorder. Kat's depression can be best described as a(n):

answer

C) iatrogenic illness.

question

Which statement about seeking help for treatment of a psychological disorder is FALSE?

answer

C) Most people who seek help obtain the most effective treatment.

question

Over _____ forms of psychotherapy currently exist.

answer

500

question

Which statement regarding mobile health interventions is FALSE?

answer

C) Mobile technologies prove more effective than traditional interventions.

question

In group therapy, the therapist typically takes the role of:

answer

B) discussion leader.

question

The deinstitutionalization movement of the 1960s, in which the number of people in psychiatric hospitals decreased by more than two-thirds, was largely the result of:

answer

D) the introduction of antipsychotic medication.

question

_____ is the most commonly prescribed drug to treat bipolar disorder in the United States.

answer

B) Valproate

question

Researchers attempt to overcome the effects of treatment illusions in outcome studies in all of these ways EXCEPT by:

answer

C) specifying that both control and treatment groups always have equal numbers of males and females.

PSY 1113 Unit 4 Multiple Choice Questions

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